Power in Europe?. [I], Great Britain, France, Italy and Germany in a Postwar World, 1945-1950

Introduction of the Editors I. The Decision-Makers in Foreign Affairs Britain and the World, 1945–1949: the View from the Foreign Office Britain and Europe in 1948: the View from the Cabinet The French Decision-Makers and their Perception of French Power in 1948 Italy: the End of a ‘Great Power’ and the Birth of a ‘Democratic Power’ De Gasperi, Nenni, Sforza and their Role in Post-War Italian Foreign Policy Senior West German Politicians and their Perception of the German Situation in Europe 1945–1949 II. The Political Parties British Political Parties and the European Crisis of the late 1940s French Power as seen by the Political Parties after World War II The Genesis of Political Impotence. Italy’s Mass Political Parties in the Years between the Great Alliance and the Cold War The Italian Communist Party and the Italian Imperial Problem. A Forgotten ‘Colonial’ Position The International Political Situation as seen by the German Linksparteien (SPD, SED and KPD) between 1945 and 1949 III. The Economic Area Economic Aspects of British Perceptions of Power on the Eve of the Cold War The French Dilemma: Modernization with Dependence or Independence and Decline Betting on the Future. The Reconstruction of Italian Industry, 1946–1952 The Economic Reconstruction of West Germany in the Context of International Relations 1945–1949 IV. The Military Problems British Military Perceptions of the Soviet Union as a Strategic Threat, 1945–1950 Reflections on the Notion of Military Power through the French Example (1945–1948) West Germany’s Strategic Position and her Role in Defence Policy as seen by the German Military, 1945–1949 V. Public Opinion and the Cultural Sector Foreign Office Publicity, American Aid and European Unity. Mobilising Public Opinion, 1947–1949 Introduction to an Era of Doubt. Cultural Reflections of ‘French Power’, around the year 1948 A Difficult Adaptation. The Italian Liberal-Democratic Press and the Reality of the International Situation (1945–1949) Farewell to the Power State? The Perception of the Political Environment and the Idea of the State in Public Opinion in the Western Occupation Zones of Germany between 1946 and 1948 VI. Europe in the International Postwar Constellation British Perceptions of Power. Europe between the Superpowers France: from Powerlessness to the Search for Influence France, the Empire and Power (1945–1949) The Shaping of Italian Foreign Policy during the Formation of the East-West Blocs. Italy between the Superpowers Italy at the Outbreak of the Cold War: Domestic and International Factors German Conceptions of Europe during the Escalation of the East-West Conflict, 1945–1949 Conclusion Europe between Power and Powerlessness Abbreviations The Authors Other Publications Index of Names

The theme of this collection is a discussion of the notions of 'norms' and 'standards', which are studied from various different angles, but always in relation to the English language. These terms are to be understood in a very wide sense, allowing discussions of topics such as the norms we orient to in social interaction, the benchmark employed in teaching, or the development of English dialects and varieties over time and space and their relation to the standard language. The collection is organized into three parts, each of which covers an important research field for the study of norms and standards. Part 1 is entitled "English over time and space" and is further divided into three thematic subgroups: standard and non-standard features in English varieties and dialects; research on English standardization processes; and issues of standards and norms in oral production. Part 2 deals with "English usage in non-native contexts, " and Part 3 is dedicated to "Issues on politeness and impoliteness." The notions of standards and norms are equally important concepts for historical linguists, sociolinguists with a variationist background, applied linguists, pragmaticians, and discourse analysts.

Edited By Josef Becker And Franz Knipping. Revised And Completed Form Of 29 Contributions To An International Symposium, Western European Nation States And Europe Within The Global System, Held In Augsburg, Apr. 3-7, 1984. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.