Post Un-Lock: From Territorial Vulnerabilities to Local Resilience (The Urban Book Series)

This open access book builds a framework that holds together numerous open issues in territorial planning: from the understanding of territorial, landscape, environmental and climatic dynamics to the analysis of local vulnerabilities, to the use of modern survey techniques to support planning. What is the role of urban and regional planning in achieving the sustainable development goals of our communities considering the major issues posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in urban planning? And how do these medium- and long-term objectives interact with the needs that the emergency has given rise to? Post Un-Lock―from territorial vulnerabilities to local resilience―aims to provide the reader with a useful key to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as a catalyst for a restart based on the concepts of sustainability and resilience. In fact, the COVID-19 experience evidences the need to propose a planning system able to integrate multiple scales according to an interdisciplinary approach focused on in-depth knowledge of the territorial risks and vulnerabilities. Besides, with the contribution of the new technologies, it is able to rethink spaces on a neighbourhood scale, conceived as a "local resilience unit" that ensures the population high standards of safety, liveability, and accessibility to proximity services. In this view, planning is increasingly concerned about social aspects and the well-being of communities, supported by indicators and evaluation tools. With the proposal of the concept of local resilience unit, Post Un-Lock takes a step forward towards the definition of a new paradigm of local planning and a topic for urban regeneration. Preface 6 Contents 8 Part I The Research 10 1 Post-pandemic Challenges. The Role of Local Governance for Territorial Resilience 11 1.1 Framing Territorial Resilience 11 1.2 Territorial Resilience. Does the Scale Matter? 13 1.3 Converging Experimentations: Challenges, Methodologies, and Tools for Post-pandemic Territories and Cities 15 References 16 Part II Topics 18 2 Notes on Spatial Implications of COVID-19. Evidence from Piedmont Region, Italy 19 2.1 How Do Spatial Implications Matter in the COVID-19 Pandemic? 20 2.2 Methodology 21 2.3 Results and Discussions 26 2.4 Lessons Learned from COVID-19. The Leading Role of Spatial Dimension 33 2.5 Contributions 35 References 35 3 The Role of the Minor Hydrographic System in Increasing the Ecological Network 38 3.1 Introduction: The Ecological Network for Planning at the Local Scale 39 3.2 The Minor Hydrological System in Mappano 41 3.3 The Value of Minor Waterways for the Construction of Local Ecological Network and Green and Blue Infrastructures 43 3.4 Discussion 44 3.5 Conclusion 47 References 48 4 Ecosystem Services and Territorial Resilience: The Role of Green and Blue Infrastructure 50 4.1 Introduction 51 4.1.1 The Territorial Interpretation for Resilience and Well-Being 51 4.1.2 Methods and Data 52 4.2 Morphological Conditions and Land Uses in Basse di Stura 53 4.3 Mapping Ecosystem Service for Territorial Resilience 56 4.3.1 The Land Cover Piemonte Database and the Habitat Quality Model 56 4.3.2 Design Scenarios for Basse di Stura 58 4.4 Discussion and Open Issues 61 4.5 Conclusion 62 References 62 5 Indicators and Scenarios for Sustainable Development at the Local Level 65 5.1 Introduction 66 5.2 Methodology 67 5.2.1 Phase 1: Indicators Selection 68 5.2.2 Phase 2: A Baseline Scenario 70 5.3 Results 71 5.4 Conclusion and Future Developments 72 References 73 6 Towards Neighbourhoods as Minimum Units of Resilience? 75 6.1 Neighbourhoods and Pandemic 76 6.2 The Ideal Type of the Neighbourhood Unit 77 6.3 The Spanish Superilla 78 6.4 The 15-Min City 79 6.5 Are Minimum Units of Resilience a Worthwhile Target? 81 References 82 Part III Case Studies 85 7 NO2 Concentrations and COVID-19 in Local Systems of Northwest Italy 86 7.1 Introduction 86 7.2 Materials and Methods 87 7.3 Results 90 7.3.1 Descriptive Analysis 90 7.3.2 Statistical Analysis 94 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions 98 References 99 8 The COVID-19 Effects and the Development Process of Lanzo Valleys in a Metro-Mountain Perspective 102 8.1 Introduction. Lanzo Valleys and the Metro-Mountain Perspective 103 8.2 Research Methodology 104 8.2.1 Elements Emerging from the Analysis 105 8.2.2 Focus on the Area: The Protected Areas for Biodiversity, Health, and Sustainable Development 108 8.3 New Metro-Mountain Relationships for Local Sustainability 110 References 111 9 Analysis of Hydrogeological Risks Related to Climate Change: Testing the ClimeApp Assessment Tool on the Torino Nord Homogenous Zone 113 9.1 Introduction 114 9.2 The ClimeApp Assessment Tool 114 9.3 Testing ClimeApp on the Homogeneous Zone of Pinerolo 115 9.4 The Application of ClimeApp to the Homogeneous Zone of North Turin 117 9.4.1 Context and Methodology 117 9.4.2 Cross-Cutting Remarks and Indicators 118 9.4.3 Results 120 9.4.4 Discussion and Conclusion 121 References 122 10 From Knowledge to Land-Use Planning: Local Resilient Experience in the Territory of the Municipality of Mappano 124 10.1 A Landscape Resilience Perspective 124 10.2 A Case Study of Local Resilience 125 10.3 Analysing and Understanding the Environmental and Landscape System 126 10.4 Analysing and Understanding the Environmental and Landscape System: Landscape Sensitivity 131 10.5 Analysing and Understanding the Environmental and Landscape System: Accessibility and Sustainable Mobility 132 10.6 Conclusion: Reasoning in an Integrated Perspective 134 References 139 11 Space for Rights. The School Between Planning Standard and Social Innovation 141 11.1 Introduction 142 11.1.1 Planning Standards, Urban Welfare, and the Spatial Structure of the City 142 11.1.2 Common Goods and Social Innovation 142 11.2 The Case Study of Settimo Torinese 144 11.2.1 Schools and Proximity Areas. Creating Settlement Conditions for an Innovative School-City-Territory Project 144 11.2.2 An Established Participatory Tradition and a Future for the Community in Action 146 11.3 Conclusion 148 References 150 Part IV Digital Tools 151 12 The 3D Metric Survey for the Digital Cartographic Production to Support the Knowledge of the New Municipality of Mappano 152 12.1 Introduction 153 12.2 The Case Study 155 12.3 Methodology 156 12.3.1 Data Acquisition 156 12.3.2 The Geo-Topographic Database 159 12.4 Results 161 12.4.1 Cartographic Products 161 12.4.2 The Digitalization Process and the BDTRE 163 12.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 165 References 166 13 Source and Data for the Analysis of the Metropolitan Territory with GIS Tools: A Critical Review Between Commercial and Open Access Tools 168 13.1 Introduction 168 13.2 Background: Open Data in the Big Data Era and Its Relevance in Spatial Analysis 169 13.2.1 Data as a Common Good 169 13.2.2 Volume of Data and Information Extraction: Big Data 170 13.2.3 Where Is Big Data Coming From? 171 13.2.4 Data Availability and Access: Some Critical Issues 172 13.3 Availability and Access to GIS-Based Data on the Metropolitan City of Turin 175 13.3.1 Satellite Images 175 13.3.2 Physical and Basic Cartography 176 13.3.3 Demographic Data 176 13.3.4 Vehicular Flows 177 13.3.5 Soft Mobility 177 13.3.6 Energy Consumption 178 13.3.7 Risk and Hazards 178 13.3.8 Health Data 179 13.3.9 Presence of Services 179 13.4 Conclusions 179 References 180 Part V Lesson Learned and Perspectives 182 14 Final Remarks on the Implementation of the Post-pandemic City and the Role of Technology 183 References 187