Possessing the Pacific : Land, Settlers, and Indigenous People From Australia to Alaska

''During the nineteenth century, British and American settlers acquired a vast amount of land from indigenous people throughout the Pacific, but in no two places did they acquire it the same way. Stuart Banner tells the story of colonial settlement in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. Today, indigenous people own much more land in some of these places than in others. And certain indigenous peoples benefit from treaty rights, while others do not. These variations are traceable to choices made more than a century ago--choices about whether indigenous people were the owners of their land and how that land was to be transferred to whites. Banner argues that these differences were not due to any deliberate land policy created in London or Washington. Rather, the decisions were made locally by settlers and colonial officials and were based on factors peculiar to each colony, such as whether the local indigenous people were agriculturalists and what level of political organization they had attained. These differences loom very large now, perhaps even larger than they did in the nineteenth century, because they continue to influence the course of litigation and political struggle between indigenous people and whites over claims to land and other resources. Possessing the Pacific is an original and broadly conceived study of how colonial struggles over land still shape the relations between whites and indigenous people throughout much of the world.'' -- Site de l'éditeur During the nineteenth century, British and American settlers acquired a vast amount of land from indigenous people throughout the Pacific, but in no two places did they acquire it the same way. Stuart Banner tells the story of colonial settlement in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. Today, indigenous people own much more land in some of these places than in others. And certain indigenous peoples benefit from treaty rights, while others do not. These variations are traceable to choices made more than a century ago--choices about whether indigenous people were the owners of their land and how that land was to be transferred to whites.Banner argues that these differences were not due to any deliberate land policy created in London or Washington. Rather, the decisions were made locally by settlers and colonial officials and were based on factors peculiar to each colony, such as whether the local indigenous people were agriculturalists and what level of political organization they had attained. These differences loom very large now, perhaps even larger than they did in the nineteenth century, because they continue to influence the course of litigation and political struggle between indigenous people and whites over claims to land and other resources.Possessing the Pacific is an original and broadly conceived study of how colonial struggles over land still shape the relations between whites and indigenous people throughout much of the world. During the nineteenth century, British and American settlersacquired a vast amount of land from indigenous people throughoutthe Pacific, but in no two places did they acquire it the same way.Stuart Banner tells the story of colonial settlement in Australia,New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington,British Columbia, and Alaska. Today, indigenous people own muchmore land in some of these places than in others. And certainindigenous peoples benefit from treaty rights, while others do not.These variations are traceable to choices made more than a centuryago--choices about whether indigenous people were the owners oftheir land and how that land was to be transferred to whites.Banner argues that these differences were not due to any deliberateland policy created in London or Washington. Rather, the decisionswere made locally by settlers and colonial officials and were basedon factors peculiar to each colony, such as whether the localindigenous people were agriculturalists and what level of politicalorganization they had attained. These differences loom very largenow, perhaps even larger than they did in the nineteenth century,because they continue to influence the course of litigation andpolitical struggle between indigenous people and whites over claimsto land and other resources. Possessing the Pacific is anoriginal and broadly conceived study of how colonial struggles overland still shape the relations between whites and indigenous peoplethroughout much of the world Tells The Story Of Colonial Settlement In Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia And Alaska, And How The Settlers Acquired Vast Amounts Of Land From The Indigenous People. This Acquisition Still Shapes The Relations Between Whites And Indigenous People In Most Of The World. Introduction: The Pacific World And Its Atlantic Antecedents -- 1. Australia: Terra Nullius By Design -- 2. New Zealand: Conquest By Contract -- 3. New Zealand: Conquest By Land Tenure Reform -- 4. Hawaii: Preparing To Be Colonized -- 5. California: Terra Nullius By Default -- 6. British Columbia: Terra Nullius As Kindness -- 7. Oregon And Washington: Compulsory Treaties -- 8. Fiji And Tonga: The Importance Of Indigenous Political Organization -- 9. Alaska: Occupancy And Neglect -- Conclusion: What Produced Colonial Land Policy? Stuart Banner. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [323]-380) And Index. Frontmatter Introduction: The Pacific World and Its Atlantic Antecedents (page 1) I Australia: Terra Nullius by Design (page 13) 2 New Zealand: Conquest by Contract (page 47) 3 New Zealand: Conquest by Land Tenure Reform (page 84) 4 Hawaii: Preparing To Be Colonized (page 128) 5 California: Terra Nullius by Default (page 163) 6 British Columbia: Terra Nullius as Kindness (page 195) 7 Oregon and Washington: Compulsory Treaties (page 231) 8 Fiji and Tonga: The Importance of Indigenous Political Organization (page 260) 9 Alaska: Occupancy and Neglect (page 287) Conclusion: What Produced Colonial Land Policy? (page 315) Abbreviations (page 322) Notes (page 323) Index (page 381)