Popular Leadership and Collective Behavior in the Late Roman Republic (Ca. 80 - 50 B.C.) (Dutch Monographs on Ancient History and Archaeology)

Paul J.j. Vanderbroeck. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 274-277. Popular Leadership and Collective Behavior in the Late Roman Republic (ca. 80-50 B.C.) 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 7 Preface 9 Abbreviations 12 Introduction 13 Theoretical Starting-Points 13 Rome in the Late Republic: The Preconditions for Collective Behavior 19 1. Leadership 26 Top Leaders 29 Assistant Leader 37 lntermediate Leaders 55 2. Participation 70 Plebs Urbana and Plebs Rustica 70 The Spectators at the Games 80 Patronage and the Development of a Public Clientele 84 Plebs Contionalis 89 The Participants and their Susceptibility to Popular Policy 96 3. Mobilization 107 Communication and Propaganda 107 Organization 115 Symbols 119 Precipitating Incidents 123 Opportunity: Time and Place 124 The Role of Leadership 127 Image Building 133 Conclusions 142 4. Collective Behavior 145 Public Manifestations 145 Demontrations 146 Assemblies 147 Collective Violence 149 Repression 156 5. Politics 164 lmpact 164 The Strategy of the Leadership 166 Politicization and the Absence of a Social Movement 168 6. Sources 177 The Negative Image ofthe Demagogue 177 The Positive/Neutral Image of the Demagogue 180 The Image of the Demagogue and the Sources of the Late Republic 181 Appian and Sallust 185 Demagogos and Popularis 188 The lmage of the Crowd 190 The Problem of Perception 191 Epilogue 196 The Achievement of Augustus 196 Appendices 201 A. Prosopography of Assistant Leaders 201 B. Collective Behavior 78-49 B.C 221 C. The Negative Image of the Demagogue in Fourth-Century Greek Authors 271 D. The Negative Image of the Demagogue in the Sources on the Roman Republic from 80-50 B.C 272 E. The Negative Image of the Demagogue in Appian and Sallust 275 Bibliography 277 Index 281 Sarnenvatting 285 Curriculum Vitae 287