Polysemy in Cognitive Linguistics: Selected Papers from the Fifth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference : Amsterdam, 1997 (Amsterdam Studies in ... IV: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory)

In Cognitive Linguistics, polysemy is regarded as a categorizing phenomenon; i.e., related meanings of words form categories centering around a prototype and bearing family resemblance relations to one another. Under this polysemy = categorization view, the scope of investigation has been gradually broadened from categories in the lexical and lexico-grammatical domain to morphological, syntactic, and phonological categories. The papers in this volume illustrate the importance of polysemy in describing these various categories. A first set of papers analyzes the polysemy of such lexical categories as prepositions and scalar particles, and looks at the import of polysemy in frame-based dictionary definitions. A second set shows that noun classes, case, and locative prefixes constitute meaningful and polysemous categories. Three papers, then, pay attention to polysemy from a psychological perspective, looking for psychological evidence of polysemy in lexical categories. CILT 177 POLYSEMY IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 2 Editorial page 3 Title page 4 Copyright page 5 Table of contents 6 EDITORS' FOREWORD 8 INTRODUCTION 10 THE SPATIAL AND NON-SPATIAL SENSES OF THE GERMAN PREPOSITION ÜBER 29 1. Introduction 29 2. Spatial über 30 2.1 The PATH schema 30 2.1.1 The landmark as an obstacle or boundary 31 2.1.2 The landmark as a point or channel of passage 33 2.2 The COVERING schema 34 2.2.1 Covering path 35 2.2.2 Covering 36 2.3 VERTICALITY 37 3. Temporal über 39 3.1 Temporal paths on the time line 39 3.2 Temporal and causal 41 4. Abstract über 43 4.1 The extensions of the PATH schema 43 4.1.1 Abstract boundary/obstacle traversal in the vertical plane 43 4.1.1.1 The über-landmark as an obstacle 43 4.1.1.2 The über-landmark as a boundary 44 4.1.2 Abstract passage 48 4.1.2.1 From passage to means and instrument 48 4.1.2.2 Range 50 4.2 The extensions of the covering schema 51 4.2.1 Abstract covering of an area of interest 51 4.2.2 Extension in the domain of control 54 4.2.3 Extension in the domain of finances 56 5. Conclusion 56 Notes 57 Sources 59 1. Newspapers 59 2. Magazines 59 3. Literature 60 References 60 SCALAR PARTICLES AND THE SEQUENTIAL SPACE CONSTRUCTION 65 1. Introduction 65 2. On the basic fun ctions of scalar particles 67 2.1 Temporal uses 67 2.2 Non-temporal uses 68 2.3 Subjective motion on a scale 70 3. Polysemy in the Finnish Sequential Space Construction 72 3.1 Temporal examples 72 3.2 Subjective motion on a space continuum 75 3.3 Existential examples 79 4. Conclusions 81 Notes 82 References 83 A FRAME-BASED APPROACH TO POLYSEMY 85 1. Introduction 85 2. Frames in AI 86 3. Frames and word definitions 89 4. Frames in lexicology/lexicography 90 5. Implications of theframe-based approach 93 5.1 Frames are (representations of) knowledge clusters 93 5.2 Frames are type-bound 94 5.3 Frames are language based 95 5.4 Frames are patterns of expectation 96 6. Frames and polysemy 97 6.1 Frames and the motivation of polysemy: The role of slots 97 6.2 Frames and the motivation of polysemy: The role of fillers 99 6.3 Frames and the understanding of polysemous items 101 6.4 Frames and the generation of polysemes 102 6.4.1 The generative power of slots 102 6.4.2 From predicting potential 'shifts' to predicting actual ones 105 6.4.3 Interim conclusion 106 7. Final conclusion 106 Notes 106 References 107 WHERE DO THE SENSES OF CORA VA'A- COME FROM? 111 1. Introduction 111 2. The locational usages of Cora va'a- 112 2.1 Locational usages in the domain of the human body 113 2.2 Locational usages in other domains: va'a- "covering a back surface" 114 2.3 The domain for the locational usages of a-va'a- and u-va'a- 116 3. The directional usages of Cora va'a- 117 3.1 Directional meanings reside in locative prefixes 117 3.2 Cora va'a- and verbs of motion 118 3.3 Highly schematic grammaticalized directional usages 121 3 4 Extended directional usages of va'a- 125 4. Cora va'a- and the topographic domain 127 5. The grammaticalization of va'a- 131 5.1 The source main verbs 132 5.2 Both senses undergo vowel harmony 134 5.3 Both senses occupy the same prefix position 135 5.4 The Southern Tepehuan evidence 136 6. Conclusion 138 Notes 139 References 141 WHY QUIRKY CASE REALLY ISN'T QUIRKYOR HOW TO TREAT DATIVE SICKNESS IN ICELANDIC 143 1. Introduction 143 2. A brief review of previous accounts of case in Icelandic 146 2.1 LFG analyses: Andrews (1982) and Zaenen, Maling & Thráinsson (1985) 146 2.2 Some general problems with syntactically-based accounts 148 3. Theoretical assumptions: Cognitive Grammar (CG) 149 3.1 Some fundamental concepts of CG 150 3.2 Semantic motivation, predictability, and constraining analyses 154 4. A Cognitive Grammar (CG) account of quirky case in Icelandic 158 4.1 The prototypical senses of nominative, dative, and accusative in Icelandic and the linking problem 158 4.2 Constructions with multiple entities manifesting 'subject' properties 162 4.2.1 The dative 'subject' construction. 162 4.2.2 The setting-subject (impersonal experiencer) construction with a dative experiencer. 165 4.2.3 The setting-subject (impersonal experiencer) construction with an accusative experiencer 167 4.3 Verbs with apparently identical meanings taking different cases 169 4.4 Dative object constructions 170 4.5 Clausal dative to mark objects construed as (quick) movers 173 4.6 Case preserving vs. non-case preserving verb pairs 174 4.7 How to treat dative (and nominative) sickness in Icelandic 180 5. Conclusion 182 Notes 184 References 186 WHEN A DANCE RESEMBLES A TREEA POLYSEMY ANALYSIS OF THREE SETSWANA NOUN CLASSES 189 1. Introduction 189 2. Schematic networks 192 3. Setswana Noun Class 3 193 4. Setswana Noun Class 5 197 5. Setswana Noun Class 7 201 6. Typological considerations 204 7. A psycholinguistic experiment 206 8. Conclusion 209 Notes 209 References 211 SYSTEMIC POLYSEMY IN THE SOUTHERN BANTU NOUN CLASS SYSTEM 213 1. Introduction 213 2. Polysemy as categorization 214 3. Southern Bantu noun class prefixes as polysemous categorial expressions 217 3.1 Bantu noun class prefixes 217 3.2 Lexical polysemy in the Bantu noun class prefixes 221 3.2.2 The Bantu noun class system as a polycentric category 222 4. Systemic polysemy in the Bantu noun class prefixes 226 4.1 Metaphorical extensions of the subdomain of spatial magnitude 229 4.2 The metonymic dimension in the systemic polysemy of the class prefixes 230 4.3 Grammatical number as a categorizing dimension in the Bantu noun class system 231 5. Polysemy or monosemy? 236 6. Conclusion 237 Notes 238 References 238 PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVES ON POLYSEMY 241 1. Cognitive Linguistics and psycholinguistic research 241 2. Linguistic context and polysemy 246 3. Embodiment and polysemy 249 4. Conceptual knowledge, constructions, and polysemy 253 5. Conclusions 261 References 264 THE EMBODIED APPROACH TO THE POLYSEMY OF THE SPATIAL PREPOSITION ON 269 1. The embodied approach to the polysemy of the spatial preposition on 269 2. Experiment 1 274 2.1 Method 274 2.1.1 Participants 274 2.1.2 Design and procedure 276 2.2 Results and discussion 276 3. Experiment 2 277 3.1 Method 277 3.1.1 Participants 277 3.1.2 Materials 277 3.1.3 Design and procedure 277 3.2 Results and discussion 278 4. Experiment 3 280 4.1 Method 280 4.1.1 Participants 280 4.1.2 Materials 280 4.1.3 Design and procedure 281 4.2 Results and discussion 281 5. General discussion 283 References 286 PROCESSING POLYSEMOUS, HOMONYMOUS, AND VAGUE ADJECTIVES 289 1.Introduction 289 2.Experiments 295 2.1 General method 295 2.1.1 Materials and design 295 2.1.2 Procedure 299 2.1.3 Participants 300 2.2 Statistical analysis 300 2.2.1 Experiment 1: Homonymy - Neutral 300 2.2.2 Experiment 2: Polysemy - Neutral 301 2.2.3 Experiment 3: Homonymy - Vagueness 302 2.2.4 Experiment 4: Polysemy - Vagueness 302 3. Discussion 303 Notes 309 References 311 NAME INDEX 313 SUBJECT INDEX 317 ADDRESSES 323 The Spatial And Non-spatial Senses Of The German Preposition über / Birgitta Meex -- Scalar Particles And The Sequential Space Construction / Tuomas Huumo -- A Frame-based Approach To Polysemy / Willy Martin -- Where Do The Senses Of Cora Va'a- Come From? / Eugene H. Casad -- Why Quirky Case Really Isn't Quirky, Or, How To Treat Dative Sickness In Icelandic / Michael B. Smith -- When A Dance Resembles A Tree : A Polysemy Analysis Of Three Setswana Noun Classes / Kari-anne Selvik -- Systemic Polysemy In The Southern Bantu Noun Class System / A.p. Hendrikse -- Psycholinguistic Perpsectives On Polysemy / Raymond W. Gibbs Jr. & Teenie Matlock -- The Embodied Approach To The Polysemy Of The Spatial Preposition On / Dinara A. Beitel, Raymond W. Gibbs Jr. & Paul Sanders -- Processing Polysemous, Homonymous, And Vague Adjectives / Frank Brisard, Gert Van Rillaer & Dominick Sandra. Edited By Hubert Cuyckens, Britta Zawada. Held July 14-19, 1997, Free University Of Amsterdam. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes.