Politics in High Latitudes : The Svalbard Archipelago

Cover Title Copyright CONTENTS FIGURES TABLES Preface to the Norwegian Edition Preface to the English Edition 1. Introduction: What is Svalbard? (a) Geography and Topography (b) Historical Survey (c) Administration (d) Population (e) Natural Resources and their Exploitation (f) Communications and Tourism (g) Scientific Activity (h) Nature Conservation 2. Svalbard as a Political Phenomenon 3. From Paris 1920 to Longyearbyen 1925 (a) The Mining Code (b) Negotiations with Germany and Russia (i) Negotiations with Germany (ii) Negotiations with Russia (c) Measures to safeguard Norwegian Interests (d) Svalbard—a Dependency or Part of the Kingdom of Norway? (e) Conclusions 4. Svalbard's Formal Status and Norway's Responsibility 5. The Principle of Equal Treatment (a) Putting Workers' Protection Laws into Practice (b) The Criteria for Oil Prospecting (c) The Supply of Air Photographs and Trigonometric Material to Foreign Interests (d) Licences for Polar Bear Shooting (e) Standardisation of Conditions in the Norwegian Mining Commnities 6. The Principle of Demilitarisation (a) Practical Application before the Second World War (b) The Second World War (i) Official Attitudes to Svalbard's Status (ii) The `Reconquest' of Svalbard (iii) Military Significance of the Occupation (iv) Proposals for Revision of the Svalbard Treaty (c) The Post-war Period (i) The Norwegian—Soviet Exchange of Notes in 1951 (ii) The Airfield Question (iii) The ESRO Presence (iv) Soviet Reconnaissance Activities (d) Summary 7. Property, Revenue and Internationalisation (a) The Rights of Pre-Treaty Claimants (b) Local Use of Revenue (c) Internationalisation (i) The Svalbard Continental Shelf 8. Norwegian Sovereignty (a) The Earliest Years (b) Soviet Attitudes (c) Norwegian Exercise of Sovereignty (i) Protection of Native Fauna and Flora (ii) Taxes, Dues and Duties (iii) Allocation of Radio Frequencies (iv) Implementation of the Road Traffic Act, Para. 55 (v) Postal Services 9. Phases in Norway's Relationship to Svalbard (a) The 'Laissez-faire Period' (b) The `Verbal Period' (c) The `Action Period' 10. Norway's Alternatives 11. Epilogue: 1975-1976 (a) Norway's Svalbard Policy (b) Norwegian—Soviet Relations (i) The `Wives Case' (ii) The Interpretation of Article 9 (c) Other Countries' Interests (d) The Economic Zone round Svalbard Appendixes 1. Svalbard Treaty of 9 February 1920 2. Svalbard Act of 17 June 1925 3. Svalbard Mining Code of 7 August 1925 Notes Bibliography INDEX