Politics and Technology in the Post-Truth Era (Emerald Studies in Politics and Technology)

Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have directly impacted the way in which politics operates today. Bringing together research on Europe, the US, South America, the Middle East, Asia and Africa, this book examines the relationship between ICT and politics in a global perspective. Technological innovations such as big data, data mining, sentiment analysis, cognitive computing, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, social media and blockchain technology are reshaping the way ICT intersects with politics and in this collection contributors examine these developments, demonstrating their impact on the political landscape. Chapters examine topics such as cyberwarfare and propaganda, post-Soviet space, Snowden, US national security, e-government, GDPR, democratization in Africa and internet freedom. Providing an overview of new research on the emerging relationship between the promise and potential inherent in ICT and its impact on politics, this edited collection will prove an invaluable text for students, researchers and practitioners working in the fields of Politics, International Relations and Computer Science. Politics and Technology in the Post-Truth Era......Page 2 Politics and Technology in the Post-Truth Era......Page 4 Emerald Studies in Politics and Technology......Page 3 Contents......Page 6 List of Figures ......Page 10 List of Tables......Page 12 List of Contributors......Page 16 Chapter 1: Politics and ICT: Issues, Challenges, Developments ......Page 22 References......Page 29 Chapter 2: From the Freedom of the Press to the Freedom of the Internet: A New Public Sphere in the Making? ......Page 30 ICT and Democratization......Page 31 The Internet and Democratization in Africa: Case Studies......Page 36 References......Page 41 Chapter 3: Diffusion Patterns of Political Content Over Social Networks ......Page 44 1. Introduction......Page 45 2.2. Models......Page 46 2.2.3. Temporal Models ......Page 47 2.3. Event Studies......Page 48 3.2. Context......Page 49 3.5.1. USA–China ......Page 50 3.6. Metrics......Page 51 4.1.1. Identification of Communities and Influencers ......Page 52 4.1.2. Event Analysis ......Page 53 4.2.1. Identification of Communities and Influencers ......Page 55 4.2.2. Interactions with Top Influencers ......Page 57 5. Conclusion......Page 59 References......Page 60 Introduction......Page 64 Peculiarities of Belarusian Social and Political Model......Page 65 First: The Sphere of State Interests Is All-embracing......Page 66 Second: The System of Political Parties and NGOs is Underdeveloped in Belarus......Page 67 Third: Belarusians’ Unity and Homogeneous Society Are an Ideological Myth Rather Than Social Reality ......Page 68 Fourth: Political Activity and Forms of Public Engagement Are Poorly Regulated ......Page 69 Fifth: The Belarusian Information Space Is Characterized by Strong Peculiarities......Page 70 Internet and New Media Actors in Belarus......Page 71 New Social Platforms and Civil Initiatives in Belarus in 2017......Page 72 Conclusions......Page 75 References......Page 76 Introduction......Page 78 The Impact of ICT and Its Development on Social Media......Page 80 The Impact of ICT and Its Development on Financial Markets......Page 81 The Impact of ICT and Its Development on Politics......Page 82 Sentiment Classification and Analysis......Page 83 Research Methodology......Page 86 Taiwan 50 Financial News and TAIEX Price Prediction......Page 88 Political News and Taiex Price Prediction......Page 89 Conclusions......Page 90 References......Page 91 1. Introduction......Page 94 2. Social Media and Political Campaigns......Page 95 2.3. Social Media as a Personal Relations Tool......Page 96 3.1.3. Social Media Analytics ......Page 97 3.1.3.2. Social Influence Analysis ......Page 98 3.2.1.2. Syntactic Analysis – Parsing ......Page 99 3.2.2.2. Summarization ......Page 100 3.2.3. Machine Learning ......Page 101 3.2.3.2. Unsupervised Learning ......Page 102 4.1. GDPR Framework ......Page 103 4.2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights......Page 105 5. Conclusion and Future Research......Page 106 References......Page 107 1. Introduction......Page 110 1.1. The Different Types of Personal Data......Page 112 2. The Status of Data Controller......Page 114 4. The Legitimate Interests Pursued by the Controller......Page 116 5. Anonymization and Pseudonymization......Page 118 6. Data Protection Techniques as a Means to Mitigate Risks......Page 119 7. Data Protection Techniques as a Means to Compliance with the GDPR......Page 122 8.1. The Concept of Data ......Page 123 8.3. The Openness......Page 124 9. Privacy and Open Data ......Page 126 11. Considerations About the Open Data Publishing ......Page 128 11.1. The Technical Issue of Data Disclosure ......Page 129 11.2. The Legal Issue of Data Disclosure ......Page 130 12. The Open Data Lifecycle ......Page 131 References......Page 133 Introduction......Page 136 Literature Review......Page 138 Cyber-Surveillance Legislation......Page 139 Narrative and Silence: The Debate Over the Public’s Interest......Page 140 Snowden and the Debate Over US Cyber Intelligence......Page 142 Snowden and the Debate Over US Cyber Intelligence......Page 144 Accountability and Reforms......Page 145 Conclusions......Page 146 References......Page 147 Introduction......Page 150 What is Privacy? ......Page 151 Risks Associated with Private Data......Page 152 Data Transit......Page 154 Research Study......Page 155 Constructing Corpuses......Page 156 Modeling and Research Findings......Page 157 Conclusions......Page 160 References......Page 161 Chapter 10: Information Security Risks in the Context of Russian Propaganda in the CEE......Page 164 Evolution of the Information War Concept and Propaganda in Russia......Page 166 Specifics of Russian Information War and Propaganda in the CEE......Page 169 Risks to CEE State Security......Page 171 Conclusions and Recommendations for CEE States......Page 174 References......Page 176 The Spread of Digitization Across the European Union......Page 180 ICT as Anticorruption Tools......Page 183 Several Best Practices in Using ICT as Participatory Tools in Romania......Page 187 Conclusions......Page 188 References......Page 189 1. Introduction......Page 192 2. How Virtual Currency Works......Page 193 3. Potential Applications......Page 196 4. Risks and Threats of Virtual Currencies......Page 198 5. Impact of Virtual Currencies on Policy and Decision-Making......Page 199 5.2. Voting Systems and Electoral Processes......Page 200 5.3. Civil Society Management......Page 201 6. Conclusions......Page 202 References......Page 203 1. Introduction......Page 208 2. Digital Diplomacy......Page 210 3. Digital Diplomacy in the Context of Ministries of Foreign Affairs......Page 211 4. Digital Diplomacy in Practice: A Case Study of the Western Balkan Countries......Page 213 Albania......Page 217 Kosovo......Page 218 Macedonia......Page 219 Serbia......Page 220 6. Conclusion......Page 221 References......Page 222 Chapter 14: Social Media and the Brazilian Politics: A Close Look at the Different Perspectives and “The Brazil I Want” Initiative ......Page 224 Introduction......Page 225 Optimistic Approach ......Page 226 Policymakers ......Page 227 Governmental Institutions ......Page 228 “TBIW”: A Close Look into Brazilian Issues......Page 229 Case Scenario......Page 230 Health ......Page 234 Corruption ......Page 235 Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 236 References......Page 237 Introduction......Page 242 Related Research......Page 244 Evaluation of the National OGD Portal: A Case Study of the Saudi Arabian OGD Initiative......Page 248 Social and Practical Implications......Page 250 References......Page 254 Introduction......Page 258 Tax Revenues......Page 260 Yesser......Page 261 Improved Service Delivery......Page 262 Conclusion......Page 263 References......Page 264 Introduction......Page 266 Top Management Support......Page 267 Politics and Political Influence in Large is Projects......Page 268 The Social Capital Strategy......Page 269 The Rational Persuasion Strategy......Page 270 A Two-Stage Process: Choice of Political Influence Strategies......Page 272 References......Page 276 1. Introduction......Page 280 2. ICT Definition, Role, and Size of Market......Page 281 3. Barriers to Trade......Page 286 4. ICT and GVCs......Page 295 5. ICT and Development......Page 298 References......Page 302 Websites......Page 303 Chapter 19: Conclusion: Politics and ICT – Taking Stocks of the Debate ......Page 304 References......Page 306 Index......Page 308