Political Authority, Social Control and Public Policy (Public Policy and Governance)

Political movements and citizens across the globe are increasingly challenging the traditional ways in which political authorities and governing bodies establish and maintain social control. This edited collection examines the intersections of social control, political authority and public policy. Each chapter provides an important insight into the key elements needed to understand the role of governance in establishing and maintaining social control through law and public policymaking. Close attention is paid to the roles of surveillance and dissent as tools for both establishing and disrupting the social control of political institutions. This collection examines the vast implications of increased participation in governance by citizens through dissent, revealing the ways in which this represents both a disruption of social control and a mechanism for increased accountability through surveillance and media. Through its examination of issues such as police militarization, police legitimacy, religion and the state, immigration, mental health policy, privacy and surveillance, and mass media and social control in a post-truth environment, this collection will prove invaluable for researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike. Cover Half Title Series Title Title Copyright Contents List of Tables About the Contributors Introduction INTRODUCTION SOCIAL CONTROL IMPLICATIONS FOR GOVERNANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK References The Rhetoric of Social Control INTRODUCTION DEFINING SOCIAL CONTROL THEORETICAL LANDSCAPE Foucault Gramsci Althusser CONCLUDING THOUGHTS References Part I: FORMAL MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL Chapter 1: Police Militarization: Implications for Communities of Color INTRODUCTION WHY POLICE? HISTORY OF POLICE MILITARIZATION Posse Comitatus Act The 1960S The War on Drugs and 9-11 The Creation of the 1033 Program Militarization of Social Protests and Ferguson POLICE AS ENFORCERS OF THE OPPRESSION OF THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM MILITARIZATION AS A PROGRESSION OF POLICE PROFESSIONALISM CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS References Chapter 2: Policing Communities of Color: An Historical Examination of Social Control and Protest Management Strategies INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL ANTAGONISM BETWEEN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND BLACK AMERICANS LAWFUL LAWLESSNESS WHY PROTEST? POLICE RESPONSES TO PROTESTS PROTEST MANAGEMENT Escalated Force Shift in Police Tactics Negotiated Management Strategic Incapacitation CONCLUSION References Chapter 3: Community Policing, Coproduction, and Social Control: Restoring Police Legitimacy INTRODUCTION COMMUNITY POLICING Community Engagement Problem Solving Organizational Change POLICE LEGITIMACY COPRODUCTION MODEL OF PUBLIC SAFETY Coproduction and Police Legitimacy Coupling of Formal and Informal Social Control CONCLUSION References Chapter 4: Government Regulation and Social Control of Neighborhoods Introduction Rise of Modern State Power Emergence of Social Control of Land Codification Spread of Zoning Standard Zoning Enabling Act Rationale for Zoning Economic Impact Income Segregation Environmental Hegemony Urban Renewal and Eminent Domains as Examples of Environmental Hegemony “Consent” of the Governed Conclusion and Implications References Chapter 5: Social Control and the Politics of Public Spaces Introduction Use of the Military/Police for Social Control Tiananmen Square Use of the Law and Design for Social Control New York City Controlling Access to Information for Social Control Libraries The Internet Arab Spring Conclusion References Chapter 6: Religion and the State: The Politics of Social Control in Myanmar and the United States Introduction Religion and Social Movements Religion’s Control of State Authority State Control of Religion Religion, State, and Legitimacy Conclusions and Discussion Darkness of Religious Nationalism Costs to the Religion for Social Movements Cost to Minority Religions Intolerance and Suffering in the Larger Society Conflict within Religious Communities Grows Control of the Religion by the State References Part II: SOCIAL CONTROL THROUGH PUBLIC POLICY Chapter 7: The Paradox of State Control in the Global Age of Migrations: The 2018 Central American Immigrant Caravan Introduction The Nation-State in the Era of Global Migrations US Immigration Laws: Tensions, Exclusions, and Contradictions Immigrants at the Border: An Overview of Central American Caravan of Immigrants, 2018 Concluding Thoughts: Xenophobia in the Current Era of Immigration References Chapter 8: Social Control and Serious Mental Illness: Understanding and Challenging Current Ideologies Introduction Recent Trends in Care and Control Toward the Mentally Ill Complex Intersections of Criminal Behavior and Mental Illness Ideologies of Social Control Ideology #1: The “Otherness” of Serious Mental Illness Ideology #2: Devalued and Stigmatized Ideology #3: Dangerous Countering Negative Ideologies Interrupting Stigma Conclusion References Chapter 9: Sex Offenders, Policies, And Social Control INTRODUCTION THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL CONTROL SOCIO-LEGAL RESPONSE TO THE SOCIAL CONTROL OF (REGISTERED) SEX OFFENDERS Sex Offender Registration and Community Notification Residence Restrictions Biases Assessing Risk Persevering and Emerging Socio-legal Issues FUTURE IMPLICATIONS References Part III: RESISTANCE AND REIFICATION: SURVEILLANCE, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, AND MASS MEDIA Chapter 10: Expectations of Privacy in the Age of Surveillance: Implications for Democracy INTRODUCTION PRIVACY THE THIRD PARTY DOCTRINE AND ARBITRARY SURVEILLANCE APPLICATION TO THE MODERN DAY: POLICE SURVEILLANCE WITH GPS DEVICES GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE AND ISSUES OF HARM FROM SURVEILLANCE WHAT IS THE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN SOCIETY TODAY? CONCLUSION References Cases Cited Chapter 11: Crime 3.0: Understanding The Post-Industrial Challenge to Security, Policing, and Social Control INTRODUCTION WHAT IS THE 4IR? HOW DOES THE 4IR CHALLENGE INDUSTRIAL-ERA CRIME AND SOCIAL CONTROLS? Undermine Industrial-Era “Supply Side” Control Regimes Expand Illicit Tactics Expand the Scope of Countermeasures Security Cost Attrition Political and Socio-economic Disruption TECHNOLOGIC CHANGE AND THE CHALLENGE OF “POST-INDUSTRIAL” SECURITY References Chapter 12: The Impact of Police Technology Adoption on Social Control, Police Accountability, and Police Legitimacy INTRODUCTION VISUAL SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY Visual Surveillance Directed Toward Police Accountability and Legitimacy Visual Surveillance Directed Toward Social Control SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGY Legitimacy through Image Management and Outreach Social Media as a Social Control Tool CRIME ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY Mapping Technology Predictive Policing LESS LETHAL FORCE TECHNOLOGIES CONCLUSION References Chapter 13: Government Use of Social Control to Address Political Violence and Dissent Introduction United States Constitutional Basis: Freedom of Expression and Free Speech Limiting the Right to Protest When Speech and Expression Become Violence Alt-Right and White Nationalists Richard Spencer and White Lives Matter Speaking Tour Auburn University Texas A&M University Organizations Working on First Amendment Issues President Trump’s Response International Saudi Arabia: Suppress Political Opposition and Consolidate Power Venezuela: Prohibition of Messages over the Radio Uganda: Use of Military Forces to Control Public Outcry Over Corruption and Deteriorating Public Services Conclusion References Chapter 14: The Need to Disrupt Social Control The Need to Disrupt Social Control Sexual Assault Civil Rights Authoritarian Regimes Conclusion References Chapter 15: Mass Media, Social Control, and Political Authority in a Post-Truth Environment INTRODUCTION MASS MEDIA THEORY AND SOCIAL CONTROL MASS SOCIETY THEORY A PRESIDENT AT WAR WITH TRUTH INFORMATION BUBBLES: COMPETING REALITIES RUSSIAN DISINFORMATION CONCLUSION References Index "Political movements and citizens across the globe are increasingly challenging the traditional ways in which political authorities and governing bodies establish and maintain social control. This edited collection examines the intersections of social control, political authority and public policy. Each chapter provides an important insight into the key elements needed to understand the role of governance in establishing and maintaining social control through law and public policymaking. Close attention is paid to the roles of surveillance and dissent as tools for both establishing and disrupting the social control of political institutions. This collection examines the vast implications of increased participation in governance by citizens through dissent, revealing the ways in which this represents both a disruption of social control and a mechanism for increased accountability through surveillance and media.Through its examination of issues such as police militarization, police legitimacy, religion and the state, immigration, mental health policy, privacy and surveillance, and mass media and social control in a post-truth environment, this collection will prove invaluable for researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike." -- Publisher's description This edited collection examines the intersections of social control, political authority and public policy, providing an insight into the key elements needed to understand the role of governance in establishing and maintaining social control through law and public policy making.