Policy and Governance of Science, Technology, and Innovation: Social Inclusion and Sustainable Development in Latin América (Palgrave Studies in Democracy, ... and Entrepreneurship for Growth)

This volume explores the governance and management of science, technology, and innovation (STI) in relation to innovation policy and governance systems, highlighting its goal, challenges, and opportunities. Divided into two sections, it addresses the role of governments in promoting innovation in Latin-American contexts as well as barriers and opportunities for STI governance in the region. The chapters tackle the role of institutions, innovation funding, technological trajectories, regional innovation policies, innovation ecosystems, universities, knowledge appropriation, and markets. Researchers and scholars will find an opportunity to grasp a better understanding of innovation policies in emerging economies. This interdisciplinary work presents original research on science, technology and innovation policy and governance studies in an understudied region. Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables 1 Policy and Governance of Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable and Inclusive Development in Latin America 1.1 Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and New/revised STI Policy and Governance Challenges for Social Inclusion and Sustainability in Latin America References Part I Innovation Policy 2 Toward a Typology of Public Innovation. Eccentric, Discrete, Flat and Transformative Innovation 2.1 Introduction: A World of Public Innovations 2.2 What is Public Innovation? 2.3 A Typology of Public Innovation in Accordance to Its Novelty and Adoption 2.4 Conclusions References 3 Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies: An Approach to Two Colombian Cases 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Importance of the Mission-Oriented Approach for Colombia 3.3 Research Methodology 3.3.1 Selection of Case Studies 3.3.2 Structure of the Case Studies 3.3.3 Thematic Analysis 3.4 Two Cases of Colombia 3.4.1 Case 1: National Optical Fiber Plan (NOFP) The Challenge MOP characteristics in NOFP. NOFP’s Achievements 3.4.2 Case Medellin The Most Educated Challenge MOP characteristics in MTME 3.4.3 Lessons Learned from Case Studies 3.5 Final Discussion References 4 Innovation Policies for Inclusive and Sustainable Development: Insights from the Central American Region 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Countries’ Overview of Institutions and Policies 4.3 Directionality of STI Policies: Science, Technology, and Innovation for an Inclusive and Sustainable Development 4.3.1 Horizontal and Vertical STI Policies in the Central American Region Strengthening of Horizontal Research Capacity Vertical Mission-Oriented Research Policies 4.3.2 Strengthening STI Demand—SMMEs Oriented Policies 4.3.3 Technological Extensionism 4.3.4 Public Procurement and Innovation 4.3.5 STI Policies for Inclusive Development 4.4 Discussion and Conclusions References 5 Towards a Regional Policy: Transformative Innovation in Colombia 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Territory and the Policy Innovation Models and Frameworks 5.3 The Transformative Innovation Framework at the Regional Level in Latin America 5.4 Transformative Innovation as a Possibility for the Regionalisation of STI Policy in Colombia 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Transformative Innovation Policy in Emerging Economies: What Does It Entail? 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Origins of the Transformative Innovation Policy Discourse 6.3 Main Tenets of Transformative Innovation Policy 6.3.1 Defining Features 6.3.2 The Role of Government 6.3.3 Guiding Policy Principles 6.3.4 TIP Instruments 6.4 From Theory to Practice. TIP Implementation in the Case of Colombia 6.4.1 Origins of the SASTI Policy 6.4.2 SASTI Policy Implementation 6.4.3 Main Challenges for Implementation and Success The 2010 Version of the SASTI Policy. The 2018 SASTI/TIP - ‘El Libro Verde’ 2030 The New SASTI Policy draft 6.5 Conclusions 6.5.1 Need for a Sharper Conceptualization of the TIP 6.5.2 Challenges for Transformative Innovation Policies to Be Effective 6.5.3 The Role of Politics in the Policy Process for Transformation 6.6 Further Research on TIP Materialization and Perspectives References 7 A Study of Innovation Policies and Governance Structures in Emerging Economies Under the Path-Dependence Framework. The Case of Colombia 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Path Dependence, Governance of Innovation and Innovation Policy 7.2.1 Governance of Innovation and the Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms 7.2.2 Innovation Policies and the Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms 7.2.3 A Heuristic of a Path Dependence in the Role Assigned to Innovation 7.3 Research Approach: Why Colombia? 7.4 Building the Juncture Phenomena: The Role of the Institutional Entrepreneurs in the Political Constitution of 1991 and the Economic Liberalisation Process 7.5 The Formation Phase: Innovation and Competitiveness Policies and Their Governance Structures as Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms 7.5.1 The Collective Nature of the Politics: Knowledge as Input for Productivity in Policies 7.5.2 The Institutional Density of Politics: STIand the Increasing Scope of the Competitiveness’ Governance 7.5.3 Political Authority and Power Asymmetries: Unbalanced Arenas and the Arising of the Industrial Sector 7.5.4 The Complexity and Opacity of Politics: Innovation for Economic Productivity 7.6 The Lock-In Situation: A Consolidated Phase 7.7 Discussion References Part II STI Governance 8 Operational Innovation Policies in Emerging Economies: A Social Network Analysis of the Royalties Fund for Innovation in Colombia 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Conceptual Approach 8.2.1 Functional Approach on Innovation Systems 8.2.2 Policy Instruments 8.2.3 Policy Networks Approach 8.3 Methodological Framework 8.3.1 The Case: Networks in Royalties Fund for STI 8.3.2 Data Collection 8.3.3 Data Analysis: Social Network Analysis 8.3.4 Limitations 8.4 Results 8.5 Discussion and Final Remarks 8.5.1 Discussion: Toward an Operational Innovation Policy Network Approach 8.5.2 Concluding Remarks: Innovation Policy Instruments and Networks for Inclusive Development References 9 Regional Diversification, Technological Trajectories and Policy Approaches. The Case of Argentina’s Satellite Industry 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Regional Diversification and Technological Trajectories. Contributions from Evolutionary Economic Geography 9.3 A Review of Different Approaches to Technological Policy 9.4 The Emergence of New Space Technologies in the Present Phase of the ITCs Paradigm 9.5 The Scientific-Technological Complex Related to Satellite Projects in Argentina 9.6 The Case of the Scientific-Technological Complex in San Carlos de Bariloche 9.7 Some Challenges for a New Mission-Oriented Approach to Space Innovation in Argentina 9.8 Conclusions References 10 Structure and Operation of the National Policy Councils for Science, Technology and Innovation: The Cases of Chile and Spain 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, Governance and Policy Councils 10.2.1 National Innovation Council for Competitiveness (CNIC) 10.2.2 Advisory Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CACTI) 10.3 Methodology and Results 10.3.1 Research Methodology Data Collection and Analysis 10.3.2 Results Policy Domain Executive Capacity Coordinative Capacity Summary 10.4 Conclusions and Discussion Annex 1: Information About the Interviewed Councillors Annex 2: Practical Advice for the Design and Implementation of a National Policy Council for Science, Technology and Innovation References 11 Adequacy of Governance of Science, Technology and Innovation in Developing Countries: The Colombian Case 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Colombian Governance and Institutionality 11.1.2 The Importance of Inclusive Institutionality 11.1.3 Cultural Context 11.1.4 Governance Frameworks Study 11.2 Conceptual Framework 11.2.1 The Preponderance of the Institutional Dimension 11.2.2 Problems Addressed The Vicious Circle: Weak Demand for Knowledge-Poor Legitimacy-Limited Scientific Production-Backwardness 11.2.3 Emerging Knowledge Approaches to STI Management Perspective of the Interaction Between Theory, Public Policy and Practice Transformative Innovation Policy Market, System and State Failures The Democratization of Knowledge Mission-Oriented Research Strategic Governance of R&D Related Policies 11.2.4 The Ideal Operationalized Test Pattern 11.2.5 The central Question of the Study 11.3 Diagnosis of STI Governance in Colombia 11.3.1 Multiple Approach 11.3.2 Comparison with the Ideal OECD Model Level 1: High Level of Cross-Cutting Policy Level 2: Intersectoral and Inter-Ministerial Coordination Level 3: Coordination of Detailed Policy Development Level 4: Coordination Between Agents that Carry Out Research and Innovation 11.3.3 Diagnosis of Colciencias 11.4 Proposal of Adaptation and Change in the Governance of STI 11.4.1 Creation of the National Council for Science, Technology and Innovation Creation of a National Council for Science, Technology and Innovation Problems (Opportunities) That (the Council) Solve 11.4.2 Central Aspects and Changes in the Structure of the Ministry of STI Central Aspects of the Structure and Functions of the Ministry Functions of the Ministry of STI The Problems (Opportunities) It Solves Comments on the Current Structure and Functions of the Ministry 11.5 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations References 12 Innovation Financing: A Proposal to Strengthen the Colombian Setting 12.1 Innovation Financing in Colombia: A Succinct Characterisation 12.2 Analytic Discussion of a Paradoxical Situation 12.2.1 A Feasible Explanation of the Colombian Case 12.3 Proposals to Improve the Colombian Innovation Financing Scenario 12.4 Closing Remarks References Index