Pocket Guide to the American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Exam

Every year emergency medicine resident physicians participate in the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) In-Training Examination to assess their medical knowledge. Preparing for the examination involves assembling several different resources on a wide range of topics. Many resources are either too detailed or too superficial, limiting their effectiveness. Pocket Guide to the American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Exam is designed specifically for the Emergency Medicine Resident Physician as an aid to reviewing for the In-Training exam. Pertinent information is organized under the same topics as the examination. The concise text and tables deliver information quickly and a rapid review section allows for self-assessment. In addition, the small portable size enables revision whenever and wherever you are. Pocket Guide to the American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Exam is the only resource you will need for In-Training Examination preparation. Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 8 Preface......Page 11 1.1.1. Sinus bradycardia......Page 13 1.2.1.1. First degree AV block......Page 14 1.2.1.3. Second degree AV block: Type II (Mobitz II)......Page 15 1.2.1.4. Third degree AV block (complete heart block)......Page 16 1.2.2.2. Left bundle branch block (LBBB)......Page 17 1.2.2.4. Left posterior fascicular block......Page 18 1.3.1.1. Sinus tachycardia......Page 19 1.3.1.3. Atrial fibrillation......Page 20 1.3.1.4. Atrial flutter......Page 22 1.3.1.5. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)......Page 23 1.3.2.2. Torsade de pointes (form of polymorphic VT)......Page 24 1.4.1. Brugada syndrome......Page 25 1.4.2. Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome......Page 26 1.4.4. Pericarditis......Page 27 1.4.6.1. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)......Page 28 1.4.7.2. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)......Page 29 1.5.1. Acute MI overview......Page 30 1.5.2.1. Sgarbossa criteria for identifying AMI in presence of LBBB......Page 33 1.5.2.3. Hyperacute T waves......Page 34 1.5.3. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and angina......Page 35 1.5.4. Complications after MI......Page 37 1.6.2. Heart failure overview......Page 38 1.8.1. Pericarditis......Page 39 1.8.3. Infective endocarditis......Page 40 1.9. Valvular disease......Page 41 1.11.1. Abdominal aortic aneurysm......Page 42 1.11.2.1.2. Stanford classifications......Page 43 1.12.3. Arterial thromboembolism......Page 44 2.1. Arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation......Page 45 2.2.1. A-a gradient......Page 46 2.2.3. Clinical hypoxemia......Page 47 2.3.1. Pneumothorax......Page 48 2.3.3. Mediastinitis......Page 49 2.3.5. Pleural effusion......Page 50 2.4. Pulmonary embolism (PE)......Page 51 2.5. Asthma......Page 53 2.6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)......Page 55 2.7.2. Bronchiolitis......Page 57 2.7.3. Pneumonia......Page 58 2.7.4. Pulmonary tuberculosis......Page 60 2.8.1.2. Silicosis......Page 61 2.8.3.1. Smoke inhalation......Page 62 2.9. Airway obstruction......Page 63 2.10. Pulmonary tumors......Page 64 3.2.1. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis......Page 66 3.3.5.1. Mallory-Weiss syndrome......Page 67 3.3.7. Esophageal foreign body......Page 68 3.4.1.1. Upper GI bleed......Page 69 3.4.4. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis......Page 70 3.5.1.3. Drug-induced......Page 71 3.5.3. Hepatitis......Page 72 3.5.5. Lab findings in liver disease......Page 73 3.6.1. Pancreatitis......Page 74 3.6.2. Pancreatic tumors......Page 75 3.7.1.1. Inflammatory bacterial infections......Page 76 3.7.1.2. Non-inflammatory bacterial infections......Page 77 3.7.1.4. Viral bowel infections......Page 78 3.7.5. Aortoenteric fistula......Page 79 3.7.8. Intussusception......Page 80 3.8.2.1. Amebiasis......Page 81 3.8.4. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)......Page 82 3.8.9. Diverticulitis......Page 83 3.9.4. Hirschsprungs disease......Page 84 3.9.8. Foreign body......Page 85 4.1.2. Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)......Page 86 4.3. Headache......Page 87 4.5.1. Transverse myelitis......Page 89 4.5.2. Encephalitis......Page 90 4.6.1. Parkinsons disease......Page 91 4.7.2. Myasthenia gravis......Page 92 4.7.5. Mononeuropathies......Page 93 4.8.3. Types of seizures......Page 94 4.9.1. Spinal cord compression......Page 95 4.10.1. Stroke......Page 96 4.11. Intracranial tumors......Page 97 5.1.1.3. Postrenal......Page 98 5.1.3. Complications of renal dialysis......Page 99 5.2.2. Hemolytic uremic syndrome......Page 100 5.3.1. Cystitis......Page 101 5.4.1. Calculus of urinary tract......Page 102 5.5.1.2. Epididymitis......Page 103 5.5.1.6. Urethritis......Page 104 5.5.2.4. Torsion of testis......Page 105 6.1.1.2. Hypercalcemia......Page 106 6.1.3.1. Hyponatremia......Page 107 6.1.4.1. Hypomagnesemia......Page 108 6.1.5.2. Hyperphosphatemia......Page 109 6.2.3. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC)......Page 110 6.3.1.1. Hyperthyroidism/thyroid storm......Page 111 6.3.4.2. Hypoparathyroidism......Page 112 6.4.3.1. Adrenal insufficiency (Addisons disease)......Page 113 6.5.1.1. Korsakoff psychosis......Page 114 7.1.3. Primary survey (“ABCDEs”)......Page 116 7.1.4. Secondary survey (“head-to-toe exam”)......Page 117 7.2.2.2. Shock secondary to cardiac output obstruction......Page 118 7.2.4.2.3. Platelet concentrate......Page 119 7.3.1.2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage......Page 120 7.3.2.4.2. Moderate DAI......Page 121 7.3.4.1. Scalp avulsions......Page 122 7.3.5.2. Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture......Page 123 7.3.7. Orbital fractures......Page 124 7.3.8.4. Corneal burns......Page 125 7.3.9.2. Tympanic membrane perforation......Page 126 7.4.3. Blunt neck trauma......Page 127 7.5.1. Aortic dissection and disruption......Page 128 7.5.5.1. Cardiac......Page 129 7.5.7. Hemothorax......Page 130 7.5.10. Penetrating cardiac injury......Page 131 7.6.3.1. Splenic injuries [3, 4......Page 132 7.7. Genitourinary (GU) trauma......Page 133 7.7.3. Urethral trauma......Page 134 7.8.3. High pressure injection......Page 135 7.10.1. General principles......Page 136 7.10.2.3.1. Femur fractures......Page 137 7.10.3.2.2. Galeazzis fracture......Page 138 7.10.5.1. Epiphyseal fractures......Page 139 7.11.1.2.1. Anterior dislocation......Page 140 7.11.3. Hip dislocation......Page 141 7.12.3. Specific tendon injury considerations......Page 142 7.13. Vascular injuries......Page 143 8.1.4. Syphilis......Page 144 8.2.2. Hyperstimulation......Page 145 8.3.4.2. Leiomyoma (fibroid)......Page 146 8.5.2.1.1. Abortion types......Page 147 8.5.2.4. HELLP syndrome......Page 148 8.5.5. High-risk pregnancy......Page 149 8.5.7.4. Rupture of uterus......Page 150 8.5.9.3. Mastitis......Page 151 9.1. Pediatric fever......Page 153 9.2. Infectious diseases......Page 154 9.2.1.4.3. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)......Page 155 9.2.1.5. Kawasaki disease......Page 156 9.2.5.3. Varicella......Page 157 9.3.1. Pinworms......Page 158 9.4. Non-accidental trauma......Page 159 9.5.4. Synovial fluid analysis......Page 160 9.7.2. Hydrocarbon inhalation/ingestion......Page 161 9.8.1. Ossification centers of the elbow......Page 162 9.8.5. General growth rules......Page 163 10.1.3.2. Bulimia nervosa......Page 165 10.2.4. Grief reaction......Page 166 10.5.2. Obsessive-compulsive......Page 167 10.7.1. Cluster A (odd/eccentric)......Page 168 10.8.4. Sexual assault......Page 169 11.1. Sepsis and SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome)......Page 171 11.2. Neutropenic fevers......Page 173 11.3. Meningitis/meningococcemia......Page 174 11.4. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)......Page 176 11.5.2. Salmonella......Page 177 11.5.8. Vibrio......Page 178 11.6.2. Gas gangrene......Page 179 11.6.6. Ehrlichiosis......Page 180 11.7.1. AIDS illnesses......Page 181 11.7.2. Antiretroviral therapy......Page 182 11.9.1. Infectious mononucleosis......Page 183 11.9.4. Rubella......Page 184 12.1.3. Cholinesterase inhibitors (cholinergic)......Page 186 12.3.1. Acetaminophen......Page 187 12.3.4. Antipsychotics......Page 188 12.3.8. Cardiac glycosides......Page 189 12.3.12. Hypoglycemics......Page 190 12.3.16. Lithium......Page 191 12.3.20. Salicylates......Page 192 12.5.1. Radio-opaque substances on chest X-ray......Page 193 12.5.5. Causes of non-anion gap acidosis......Page 194 13.1.2. Snake bites......Page 195 13.1.4.3. Stings: sea urchins, catfish, stingrays, cone shells......Page 196 13.3.1. Acute mountain sickness......Page 197 13.4.2. Near drowning......Page 198 13.5.2.2. Chilblains (pernio)......Page 199 13.5.2.4. Hypothermia......Page 200 13.6.1.1. Assessment of burn......Page 201 13.6.3.2. Hydrofluoric acid......Page 202 13.7.2.1. Lightning......Page 203 13.8. Radiation emergencies......Page 204 14.1.1. Pulse oximetry......Page 206 14.1.3.2. Nasopharyngeal airway (also called an “NPA” or nasal trumpet)......Page 207 14.1.5. Noninvasive ventilatory management......Page 208 14.1.7. Endotracheal intubation......Page 209 14.2.1. Local......Page 210 14.2.3.1. Levels of sedation......Page 211 14.4.1. Anoscopy......Page 212 14.4.4. Cystourethrogram......Page 213 14.4.8. Pericardiocentesis......Page 214 14.5.2. Testicular detorsion......Page 215 14.7.2. Central venous access......Page 216 14.8.2. Compartment pressure measurement......Page 217 14.10.2. Defibrillation......Page 218 14.10.5. Needle thoracostomy for tension pneumothorax......Page 219 14.11.2. Gastrostomy tube replacement......Page 220 14.11.4. Wound closure techniques (skin glue; steristrips; staples; suture)......Page 221 15 Rapid review......Page 222 Useful formulas......Page 253 Index......Page 254 Every year emergency medicine resident physicians participate in the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) In-Training Examination to assess their medical knowledge. Preparing for the examination involves assembling several different resources on a wide range of topics. Many resources are either too detailed or too superficial, limiting their effectiveness. Pocket Guide to the American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Exam is designed specifically for the Emergency Medicine Resident Physician as an aid to revising for the In-Training exam. Pertinent information is organized under the same topics as the examination. The concise text and tables deliver information quickly and a rapid review section allows for self-assessment. In addition, the small portable size enables revision whenever and wherever you are. Pocket Guide to the American Board of Emergency Medicine In-Training Exam is the only resource you will need for In-Training Examination preparation.