معماری سیستم پل و بازی: مجموعه معماری سیستم‌های کامپیوتری

\* Designed as a companion volume to the official hardware design guide for Windows(r) 95, Plug and Play System Architecture provides a detailed hardware and software description of the Plug and Play technology that is integrated into Windows 95 and will soon appear in other operating systems, including Windows NT. In addition to coverage of ISA and EISA Plug and Play, PCMCIA and PCI are also discussed. Tom Shanley provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject including: \*-legacy ISA drawbacks \*-Plug and Play on EISA and ISA cards \*-Windows 95 PCI problems \*-Windows 95 PCMCIA enhancements \*-Plug and Play terminology defined \*-accessing configuration registers \*-description of configuration registers \*-resource data structure \*-Plug and Play BIOS \*-Plug and Play device ROMs \*-device ID format and Windows 95 device IDs If you design Plug and Play cards, motherboards, device drivers, BIOS code, or operating systems, Plug and Play System Architecture is an essential, time-saving tool. Title Page......Page 1 License......Page 351 Table of Contents......Page 5 Table of Figures......Page 15 Table of Tables......Page 17 The MindShare Architecture Series......Page 21 Part Two—E/ISA Plug and Play......Page 22 The Appendices......Page 23 Hex Notation......Page 24 Identification of Bit Fields (logical groups of bits or signals)......Page 25 Mailing Address......Page 26 Part One: Evolution......Page 27 The Perfect Turn-On......Page 29 A Standard Is Needed......Page 31 At Startup, Only Essential Devices Are Enabled......Page 32 Next, Scan the Machine......Page 33 Device Driver Configuration......Page 34 Hot Insertion and Removal......Page 35 No Device Detection......Page 37 No Programmable Configuration Registers......Page 38 Summary......Page 39 Introduction......Page 41 Configuration Registers......Page 42 ADF File and the Configuration Process......Page 43 Card Selection......Page 44 Resource Requirement List......Page 46 Automatic Configuration of EISA Cards......Page 47 Configuration Address Space......Page 49 Device Detection......Page 50 Configuration Registers and Resource Requirement List......Page 51 The Configuration Process......Page 52 Use of the PCI BIOS......Page 54 Interrupt Line Register......Page 55 Driver Uses Registry to Get Device Configuration......Page 56 Windows 95......Page 57 Boot Configuration......Page 58 Dual IDE Adapters......Page 59 PCI Display Devices......Page 60 Summary......Page 61 Relationship of PCMCIA Cards and Plug and Play......Page 63 Resources Available for Assignation to PCMCIA Cards......Page 64 PCMCIA Bus Enumerator and Configuration Manager......Page 65 The Registry and the Device Installer......Page 66 Bus-Independent Plug and Play Device Drivers......Page 67 Unique Card Device ID......Page 68 Memory Card Device ID......Page 69 Memory Card Support......Page 70 Part Two: E/ISA Plug and Play......Page 71 Card Detection and Selection......Page 73 Configuration Process......Page 74 Configuration Memory (NV Memory)......Page 75 At Power On......Page 77 Devices Necessary for the Boot Process......Page 78 Introduction......Page 79 Write Data Port......Page 80 Selecting the Read Data Port’s IO Address......Page 81 How the Read Data Port’s Address Decoder Works......Page 82 Checking for Conflict with a Legacy ISA Device......Page 83 Introduction......Page 85 The Configuration States......Page 86 Windows 95 Overview......Page 89 The Initiation Key......Page 90 The Wakeup Call......Page 91 Select Read Data Port Address......Page 92 Each Card Has a Unique Serial Identifier......Page 93 The Card Game......Page 94 Detailed Description......Page 95 Treatment of Channel Ready Signal......Page 97 Dealing with Checksum Error or All-Zero Serial Identifier......Page 98 CSN Assignment......Page 99 Summary......Page 100 11 Card Resource Requirements......Page 107 Reading the Resource Data......Page 108 What the Resource Data Structure Contains......Page 110 Format of a Logical Device’s Resource List......Page 112 Small vs. Large Descriptors......Page 115 Plug and Play Version Number......Page 118 Identifier Strings......Page 119 Descriptors Associated with a Logical Device......Page 121 Logical Device ID......Page 122 Compatible Device ID......Page 124 Background......Page 125 Interrupt Descriptor Format......Page 127 Background......Page 129 DMA Descriptor Format......Page 130 Example DMA Descriptors......Page 131 Programmable IO Port Descriptor......Page 132 Fixed IO Port Descriptor......Page 134 24-bit ISA Memory Descriptors......Page 135 Programmable 32-bit EISA Memory Descriptor......Page 139 Fixed 32-bit EISA Memory Descriptor......Page 143 Vendor-Defined Descriptors......Page 146 Dependent Functions......Page 147 Example Card Resource Data Structure......Page 149 Windows 95 Overview......Page 163 The Configuration Register Set......Page 164 Set Read Data Port Register......Page 168 Configuration Control Register......Page 169 Resource Data Register......Page 171 Status Register......Page 173 Logical Device Number (LDN) Register......Page 174 General......Page 175 Activate Register......Page 176 IO Range Check Register......Page 177 Reserved Device Control Registers......Page 178 Definition of a 16-Bit ISA Device......Page 179 ISA Steering Logic......Page 180 A Compatibility Problem......Page 184 ISA 24-bit Memory Configuration Registers......Page 185 Intro to EISA Memory......Page 190 EISA Card Memory Configuration......Page 191 IO Configuration......Page 193 Interrupt Configuration......Page 195 Vendor-Defined Configuration Registers......Page 197 Definition of the Term “BIOS”......Page 199 Legacy ISA Devices Are a Problem......Page 200 BIOS and OS Share Configuration Responsibility......Page 201 Case 2—All Devices Are Configured by the BIOS......Page 202 Definition of Static Device......Page 203 General......Page 204 Legacy Device ROMs......Page 205 PCI Device ROMs......Page 206 EISA Device ROMs......Page 207 General......Page 209 Detail of Typical POST Flow......Page 210 The Purpose of a PnP Device ROM......Page 212 The Format of a PnP Device ROM......Page 213 Calling the PnP ROM’s Initialization Routine......Page 220 On Entry to PnP Device ROM’s Initialization Routine......Page 222 The PnP Device ROM’s Initialization Routine......Page 223 Return from PnP Device ROM’s Initialization Routine......Page 225 Reading Boot Sector into Memory and Executing It......Page 226 OS Use of PnP BIOS......Page 227 The Old Way (Boot Error Unrecoverable)......Page 231 The New Way (Boot Error Recovery)......Page 232 Purpose of the PnP BIOS......Page 235 Structure of a System Device Node......Page 236 Calling the PnP BIOS......Page 240 Data Segment Definition......Page 241 Stack Segment Definition......Page 242 Basic Calling Convention......Page 245 Introduction to the PnP BIOS Services......Page 248 Function 00h Description.......Page 251 Function 00h Input Arguments.......Page 252 Example Function 00h Assembly Language Procedure Call.......Page 253 Function 01h Input Arguments.......Page 254 Function 02h Description.......Page 256 Function 02h Input Arguments.......Page 257 Example Function 02h Assembly Language Procedure Call.......Page 259 Background......Page 260 Notification Via Interrupt......Page 261 Loading the Event Device Driver......Page 262 Intro to the Event-Oriented Services......Page 263 Function 03h Input Arguments.......Page 264 Function 03h Return Values.......Page 265 Function 04h Input Arguments.......Page 267 Function 05h Description.......Page 271 Function 05h Input Arguments.......Page 272 Function 05h Return Values.......Page 273 Function 40h Input Arguments.......Page 275 Function 40h Return Values.......Page 277 Services Related to ISA Cards......Page 278 Function 09h Description.......Page 279 Function 09h Input Arguments.......Page 280 Function 09h Return Values.......Page 281 Function 0Ah Input Arguments.......Page 282 Example Function 0Ah Assembly Language Procedure Call.......Page 283 Function 0Bh Input Arguments.......Page 284 Function 0Bh Return Values.......Page 286 What Is ESCD?......Page 287 Is ESCD BIOS Support Required?......Page 288 Additional Error Return Codes......Page 289 Function 41h Input Arguments.......Page 290 Example Function 41h Assembly Language Procedure Call.......Page 292 Function 42h Input Arguments.......Page 293 Function 43h Description.......Page 295 Function 43h Input Arguments.......Page 296 Function 43h Return Values.......Page 298 Introduction......Page 299 Introduction......Page 317 Appendix C—Glossary......Page 323 Appendix D— References......Page 339 Index......Page 341