Plasma Processes and Polymers: 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry Taormina, Italy June 22-27, 2003

This volume compiles essential contributions to the most innovative fields of Plasma Processes and Polymers. High-quality contributions cover the fields of plasma deposition, plasma treatment of polymers and other organic compounds, plasma processes under partial vacuum and at atmospheric pressure, biomedical, textile, automotive, and optical applications as well as surface treatment of bulk materials, clusters, particles and powders. This unique collection of refereed papers is based on the best contributions presented at the 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry in Taormina, Italy (ISPC-16, June 2003). A high class reference of relevance to a large audience in plasma community as well as in the area of its industrial applications. Plasma Processes and Polymers......Page 4 3527404872......Page 1 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 20 List of Contributors......Page 22 Part I Plasma Deposition of Thin Films......Page 32 1.1 Introduction......Page 34 1.2 Experimental......Page 40 1.3.2 Variation of the Density of Functional Groups......Page 41 1.3.3 Structure and Stability of Copolymers......Page 45 1.3.5 Relation between Functional Groups of Copolymers and Adhesion......Page 46 1.4 Discussion......Page 50 2.1 Introduction......Page 54 2.2 Experimental......Page 55 2.3 Results and Discussion......Page 58 2.4 Conclusions......Page 66 3.1 Introduction......Page 70 3.2.2 Plasma-Deposition Apparatus......Page 71 3.2.3 Characterization Techniques......Page 73 3.3 Results and Discussion......Page 74 3.4 Conclusions......Page 79 4.1 Introduction......Page 82 4.2 Experimental......Page 83 4.3.1 Etching and Deposition in C(4)F(8) Plasmas......Page 85 4.3.2 Etching and Deposition Experiments in CHF(3)/CH(4) Plasmas......Page 89 4.3.3 FC Film Characterization: Chemical Composition......Page 91 4.4 Conclusions......Page 94 5.1 Introduction......Page 96 5.2.2 Plasma Deposition Technique......Page 97 5.2.3 Surface Characterization......Page 98 5.3.1 Characterization of Deposited Film......Page 99 5.3.2 Platelet Adhesion......Page 104 6.1 Introduction......Page 108 6.2 Experimental Systems......Page 109 6.3 Results and Discussion......Page 110 6.4 Conclusions......Page 116 7.1 Introduction......Page 118 7.2.1 Deposition Apparatus......Page 119 7.2.2 Experimental Conditions......Page 120 7.3.1 X-ray Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XAES)......Page 121 7.3.2 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)......Page 122 7.4 Conclusion......Page 124 8.1 Introduction......Page 126 8.2 Experimental......Page 127 8.3 Calculation of the rate constant......Page 128 8.4 Results and discussion......Page 130 8.5 Conclusion......Page 132 9.1 Introduction......Page 134 9.2 Experimental......Page 135 9.3 Results......Page 137 9.4 Discussion......Page 143 9.5 Conclusions......Page 145 10.1 Introduction......Page 148 10.2 Experimental......Page 150 10.3.1 Surface Morphology......Page 151 10.3.2 Surface Molecular Structure......Page 153 10.3.3 Dispersion Behavior of AA-Plasma-Polymer-Coated TiO(2) Nanoparticles......Page 155 10.4 Conclusion......Page 158 Part II Plasma-Grafting of Functional Groups......Page 160 11.1 Introduction......Page 162 11.2.2 Plasma Treatment of the Samples......Page 163 11.2.3 Characterization......Page 167 11.3.1 Surface Chemistry......Page 168 11.3.2 Surface Morphology......Page 171 11.4 Conclusion......Page 173 12.1 Introduction......Page 174 12.2.2 Experimental Techniques......Page 175 12.3.1 Effect of Treatment Time......Page 176 12.3.2 Effect of Plasma Power......Page 181 12.3.3 Effect of the Pressure inside the Chamber......Page 183 12.3.4 Durability of the Treatment Effect......Page 184 12.4 Conclusions......Page 185 13.1 Introduction......Page 188 13.2 Materials and Methods......Page 189 13.3.1 Contact-Angle and Weight-Loss Measurements......Page 191 13.3.2 Aging Studies......Page 197 13.3.3 XPS results......Page 199 13.3.4 Titration of the Surface Amino Groups......Page 201 13.3.5 Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction......Page 202 13.3.6 Preliminary Results on PVDF Metallization......Page 204 13.3.7 Assays on Piezoelectric Coefficient Determination......Page 205 13.4 Conclusion......Page 206 14.1 Introduction......Page 208 14.2.1 Materials......Page 209 14.2.2 Experimental Techniques......Page 210 14.3 Results and Discussion......Page 211 14.4 Conclusions......Page 222 15.1 Introduction......Page 224 15.2 Experimental Setup......Page 225 15.2.1 Power Transmitted to the Plasma......Page 226 15.3 Paulownia tomentosa Steud......Page 228 15.4 Results and Discussion......Page 229 15.5 Conclusion......Page 233 16.1 Ion Modification of Polymers......Page 236 16.1.3 Ion-modified Polymers for Sensor Application......Page 237 16.1.4 Objective of this Work......Page 238 16.2.1 Sample Preparation......Page 239 16.2.2 Evaluation of Structural Changes......Page 240 16.2.4 Electrical Measurements......Page 241 16.3.1 Structural Changes......Page 242 16.3.2 Moisture Uptake......Page 247 16.4 Conclusions......Page 250 17.1 Introduction......Page 254 17.2.2 Fluorination Procedure: The Plasma-enhanced Fluorination (PEF)......Page 255 17.2.3 XPS Characterization......Page 256 17.3.1 Plasma-enhanced Fluorination......Page 257 17.3.2 Comparison with Direct F(2)-gas Fluorination......Page 259 17.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 262 18.1 Introduction......Page 264 18.2.2 Plasma Treatment......Page 267 18.2.4 Surface-characterization Techniques......Page 268 18.3.2 Plasma Chlorination......Page 269 18.3.3 CO(2) and O(2) Plasma Treatment......Page 277 18.4 Conclusion......Page 281 19.1 Introduction......Page 284 19.2 Experimental Details......Page 285 19.3.1 Untreated PET......Page 288 19.3.2 Plasma-treated PET......Page 290 19.3.3 Laser-treated PET......Page 291 19.4.1 Surface Oxidation......Page 295 19.4.2 Surface Degradation......Page 296 19.4.3 Al–PET Adhesion......Page 298 19.5 Conclusion......Page 299 20.1 Introduction......Page 302 20.2 Experimental......Page 304 20.3 Results and Discussion......Page 305 20.4 Conclusions......Page 310 21.1 Introduction and Experimental Conditions......Page 312 21.2.1 Etching of POSS Copolymers in Oxygen Plasmas......Page 315 21.2.2 Surface Roughness of POSS Polymers after Plasma Treatment......Page 318 21.3 Conclusions......Page 322 Part III Plasma and Life Science......Page 324 22.1 Introduction......Page 326 22.2.1 Plasma Needle......Page 328 22.2.3 Fluorescent Probe......Page 329 22.2.4 Calibration with NO Radicals......Page 330 22.3.1 Raman Scattering......Page 332 22.3.2 The Fluorescent Probe Measurements......Page 333 22.4 Conclusions......Page 338 23.1 Introduction......Page 340 23.2 Experimental......Page 341 23.3.1 Devices with Geometrically Well-described Trenches Oriented Parallel to the Applied Field......Page 342 23.3.2 Devices with Geometrically Defined Trenches Oriented Nonparallel to the Applied Field......Page 344 23.3.3 Devices with Pores in Micrometer Dimension......Page 345 23.4 Conclusions......Page 348 24.1 Introduction......Page 350 24.2 Experimental......Page 351 24.3 Results......Page 353 24.4 Discussion......Page 360 24.5 Conclusions......Page 361 25.1 Introduction......Page 364 25.2.1 Plasma Processing......Page 367 25.2.2 Surface Diagnostics......Page 368 25.3.1 Amino Functionalization in the UHV Plasma System......Page 369 25.3.2 Amino Functionalization in the Low-Vacuum Plasma Reactor......Page 374 25.4 Summary......Page 378 26.1 Introduction......Page 382 26.2.1 Substrate Preparation......Page 384 26.2.2 Plasma-Deposition Processes......Page 385 26.2.4 XPS Analysis......Page 386 26.2.6 Bacterial Adhesion......Page 387 26.3.1 PEO-like Film Deposition......Page 388 26.3.2 Ag/PEO-like Films......Page 391 26.2.3 Evaluation of Protein Adsorption......Page 396 26.3.4 Evaluation of Bacterial Adhesion......Page 398 26.4 Conclusion......Page 400 27.1 Introduction......Page 404 27.2.2 Surface Diagnostic......Page 406 27.2.3 Cell Culture......Page 407 27.3.1 PD-PEO Coatings......Page 408 27.3.3 Micropatterning of PEO-like Coatings......Page 412 27.4 Conclusions......Page 416 28.1 Introduction......Page 420 28.2.1 Substrates......Page 421 28.2.3 Surface Characterization......Page 422 28.3 Results and Discussion......Page 423 28.4 Conclusions......Page 431 29.1 Introduction......Page 434 29.2 Experimental......Page 435 29.3 Conclusions......Page 442 Part IV Chemical Synthesis, Powders and Non-Equilibrium Effects......Page 444 30.1 Introduction......Page 446 30.2.1 Experimental Setup......Page 448 30.2.3 Conditions of Experiments......Page 449 30.2.4 Definition of the Process Parameters......Page 450 30.3.1 Essential Parameters of the Process Characteristics......Page 451 30.3.2 Main Reaction Products – Hydrocarbons and Carbon Black......Page 453 30.3.3 Formation of Fluorine-containing Organic Compounds......Page 455 30.4 Conclusions......Page 457 31.1 Introduction......Page 462 31.2.1 Equipment......Page 463 31.3.1 Model Compounds......Page 464 31.4 Discussion......Page 468 31.5 Conclusions......Page 470 32.1 Introduction......Page 474 32.2.1 Apparatus......Page 475 32.2.2 Procedure......Page 476 32.3 Results and Discussion......Page 477 32.4 Conclusions......Page 484 33.1 Introduction......Page 486 33.2 The Setup for DCM Production......Page 487 33.3 Results and Discussion......Page 489 33.3.1 Measurement of the Mean Nickel Content......Page 490 33.3.3 X-ray Diffraction Investigations......Page 491 33.3.4 Magnetic Properties of the Processed Powder......Page 492 33.3.5 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy......Page 493 33.4 Conclusion......Page 494 34.1 Introduction......Page 496 34.2 Experimental Setup......Page 497 34.3.1 Structures of Spherical Grains......Page 499 34.3.2 Plasma Liquid Crystal......Page 500 34.4 Wave Phenomena......Page 501 34.5.1 Measurement of the Grain Charge......Page 503 34.5.2 Application of Thermophoresis for Diagnostics of Dust-Particle Confinement......Page 504 34.6 Conclusion......Page 506 35.1 Introduction......Page 508 35.2 Experimental......Page 509 35.3 General Aspects of Carbon-Nanotube Deposition with He-based APG......Page 510 35.4 Aligned Nanotube Growth with Pulsed APG......Page 512 35.4.1 Effect of Pulsed Voltage on Alignment......Page 514 35.4.2 Growth Temperature and Pulse Duty......Page 515 35.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Work......Page 516 36.1 Introduction......Page 520 36.2 Experimental Setup......Page 521 36.3 Results and Discussion......Page 523 36.4 Conclusions......Page 528 37.1 Introduction......Page 530 37.2 Experimental Apparatus and Procedures......Page 531 37.3.1 Particle Residence Time......Page 534 37.3.2 Appearance and Disappearance Voltages......Page 536 37.3.3 Upper Limit of Injected Nitrogen Flow Rate......Page 540 37.3.4 Downstream-Gas Temperature......Page 545 37.3.5 Optimization......Page 547 37.4 Conclusion......Page 548 Constitutes the proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry in Taormina, Italy (ISPC 16, June 2003). This volume compiles essential contributions to the most innovative fields of Plasma Processes and Polymers, with contributions covering the fields of plasma deposition, plasma treatment of polymers and others. "This unique collection of refereed papers is based on the best contributions presented at the 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry in Taormina, Italy (ISPC-16, June 2003). A high class reference of relevance to a large audience in the plasma community as well as in the area of its industrial applications."--BOOK JACKET The aim of this work was to produce plasmachemically monotype functionalized polymer surfaces as models for the investigation of the influence of each type of metal-functionality interactions to the adhesion (Fig. 1).