Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance In Solute Compartmentation In Cells And Their Applications In Plant Biotechnology (nato Science Series A:)

The papers in this book, illustating the present status of knowledge related to the vacuolar compartment of fungi and plants, were presented at an Advanced Research Workshop entitled "Plant Vacuoles. Their Importance in Plant Cell Compartmentation and their Applications in Biotechnology" held in Sophia-Antipolis, France, on July 6-11, 1986. The organizers were fortunate in being able to assemble representative leaders of all the above fields of research concerning this compartment. These scientists from all over the world were invited to present their latest results and to exchange views and plans for continued research in this highly exciting field, which is very important for the improving the industrial aspect of plant biotechnology related to the production of molecules with a high added value. To ensure maximal flexibility and opportunity for dicussion, the chairmen of the various sessions were asked to introduce their respective topics, after which they were given the freedom of organizing their sessions in a more or less improvised fashion, with brief presentations of relevant new information by participants following a schedule fixed relatively shortly before the workshop. This procedure proved to be highly successful, giving rise to most productive and stimulating discussions among the representatives of the various fields. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Overview of Recent Developments....Pages 1-2 Vacuoles Today and Twenty Years Ago....Pages 3-6 Methodological and Other Aspects of Intact Mature Higher Plant Cell Vacuoles....Pages 7-19 Properties of Vacuoles as a Function of the Isolation Procedure....Pages 21-29 Highly Purified Tonoplast Fractions by Preparative Free-Flow Electrophoresis....Pages 31-42 Analysis of Vacuolar Polypeptides from Barley Mesophyll by Immunoblotting....Pages 43-50 A Hyperpolarization-Activated K + Current in Isolated Vacuoles of Acer Pseudoplatanus ....Pages 51-56 A Microcomputer-Based System for the Recording and Analysis of Fluorescence Transients from Membrane Vesicles....Pages 57-62 Benefits and Costs of Vacuolation....Pages 63-65 The Photosynthetic Potential and Growth of Photoautothrophic Cell Suspension Cultures from Chenopodium Rubrum : A Case Study....Pages 67-78 Vacuolar Accumulation of Organic Acids and their Anions in CAM Plants....Pages 79-87 Osmotic Factors Affecting the Mobilisation of Sucrose from Vacuoles of Red Beet Storage Root Tissue....Pages 89-94 Distribution of Potassium between Vacuole and Cytoplasm in Response to Potassium Deficiency....Pages 95-98 Vacuolar pH Level is Related to Photosynthesis in Isolated Mesophyll Protoplasts of Melilotus Alba ....Pages 99-99 Understanding Tonoplast Function: Some Emerging Problems....Pages 101-110 Analysis of the Electrical Fluctuations in Red Beet ( Beta Vulgaris L.) Vacuoles....Pages 111-120 Purification and Properties of α-Mannosidase from Vacuolar Membranes of Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ....Pages 121-125 Simultaneous Kinetic Measurements of Adenine Nucleotides in Isolated Vacuoles by HPLC Technique....Pages 127-133 Comparison of Two Methods for the Isolation of Vacuoles in Relation to Vacuolar ATPase Activity....Pages 135-141 NBD-PC: A Tool to Study Phospholipase Activity in Protoplasts....Pages 143-146 On the Existence of a Tonoplast-Bound ATPase....Pages 147-155 A Third-Category and a Fourth-Category H + -Phosphohydrolase at the Tonoplast....Pages 157-171 Structure and Function of the Subunits of the Vacuolar Membrane H + -ATPase of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae....Pages 173-178 Differential Susceptibilities of Tonoplast ATPase and PPase to Irreversible Inhibition by Chaotropic Anions....Pages 179-186 Generation of a pH-Gradient Across the Tonoplast of Vacuoles Isolated from Green Suspension Cells of Chenopodium Rubrum ....Pages 187-189 Mg, ATP-Dependent H + Transport in Vacuoles and Tonoplast Vesicles from Acer Pseudoplatanus Cells....Pages 191-198 The Effects of Anions on PP i -Dependent Proton Transport in Tonoplast Vesicles from Oat Roots....Pages 199-204 Changes of Vacuolar and Cytoplasmic pH Associated with the Activation of the H + Pump in Elodea Leaves....Pages 205-213 Inhibition of ATP-Dependent Proton Pumping in Plant Tonoplast- and Plasmalemma-Enriched Fractions Caused by Mycochromone....Pages 215-218 Transport of Inorganic Ions in Tonoplast Vesicles....Pages 219-225 Wash-Activated Na + /H + Exchange in Tonoplast Vesicles from Beta Vulgaris Storage Root Disks....Pages 227-233 Isolation of Tonoplast Vesicles from Kiwi Fruit Cells: Electrochemical Investigation of K + and H + Membrane Transport Linked to a Magnesium-ATP Hydrolytic Activity....Pages 235-245 Some Characteristics of Tonoplast NO 3 − Transport Processes on Acer Pseudoplatanus L. Cells....Pages 247-253 Active Transport of Amino-Acids and Calcium Ions in Fungal Vacuoles....Pages 255-265 ATP-Dependent Uptake of Malate in Vacuoles from CAM Plant, Kalanchoe Daigremontiana ....Pages 267-274 Proton-Motive Force and H + /Amino-Acid Antiport at the Tonoplast of Riccia Fluitans Rhizoid Cells, Revealed by Direct Probing with the pH-Sensitive Microelectrode....Pages 275-279 Sugar Transport across the Tonoplast of Vacuoles Isolated from Protoplasts of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers....Pages 281-286 Mg 2+ -ATP-Dependent Glucose Transport in Tonoplast Vesicles of Normal and Agrobacterium Tumefaciens -Transformed Tobacco Cells....Pages 287-289 Regulation of the UDP-Glucose Group Translocator by Some Cytoplasmic Components....Pages 291-295 Preliminary Evidence for Solubilization of an Active Tonoplast-Bound Vectorial Sucrose Synthesizing Enzyme Complex....Pages 297-300 Specific Uptake of the N-Oxides of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids by Cells, Protoplasts and Vacuoles from Senecio Cell Cultures....Pages 301-304 Accumulation of Organic Solutes in Plant Vacuoles: The Interpretation of Data is Not so Easy....Pages 305-314 Vacuole Function in Neurospora ....Pages 315-324 $$\Delta {{\overline {\mu {\text{H}}} }^{{\text{ + }}}}$$ -Controlled Reversible Fluxes of H + and Calcium at the Tonoplast but Quasi-Total Citrate Sequestration within the Intact Vacuoles from the Latex Cells of Hevea Brasiliensis . Implications in the Production of Natural Rubber....Pages 325-338 Ajmalicine Transport into Vacuoles Isolated from Catharanthus Roseus Cells....Pages 339-347 Role of the Vacuole in Metal Ion Trapping as Studied by in Vivo 31 P-NMR Spectroscopy....Pages 349-359 Dynamics of Lysosomal Functions in Plant Vacuoles....Pages 361-368 Protein Degradation in Vacuoles from Acer Pseudoplatanus L. Cells....Pages 369-380 Protease Activity in Oat Leaf Vacuoles....Pages 381-382 Compartmentation of Glycosidases in a Light Vacuole Fraction from the Latex of Lactuca Sativa L.....Pages 383-391 The Possible Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Biosynthesis and Transport of Anthocyanin Pigments....Pages 393-400 Patch Clamp Studies on the Transport of Ions Across the Membrane of Barley Vacuoles....Pages 401-406 Intracellular Distribution of Organic and Inorganic Anions in Mesophyll Cells: Transport Mechanisms in the Tonoplast....Pages 407-416 Vacuolar and Cytosolic Metabolite Pools by Comparative Fractionation of Vacuolate and Evacuolate Protoplasts....Pages 417-423 Subcellular Localization of Primary and Second Cardiac Glycosides, and the Related 16′-O-Glucosyl-Transferase in Cell Suspension Cultures of Digitalis Lanata ....Pages 425-433 Tonoplast: The Controlling Site for the in Vitro Solute Transport in Developing Soybean Cotyledons....Pages 435-439 The Vacuole in Relation to Plant Growth Regulators....Pages 441-447 Involvement of Vacuoles in Ethylene Metabolism in Plant Cells....Pages 449-454 The Vacuole: Possible Role in Signal Transduction Versus Cytoplasmic Homeostasis?....Pages 455-465 Transtonoplast pH Changes as a Signal for Activation of the Cytosolic Metabolism in Hevea Latex Cells in Response to Treatments with Ethrel (An Ethylene Releaser). Implications for the Production of a Secondary Metabolite: Natural Rubber....Pages 467-476 Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites by Plant Cell Cultures in Relation to the Site and Mechanism of Their Accumulation....Pages 477-484 Production of Secondary Metabolites in Cell Cultures of Some Terpenoid-Indole Alkaloids Producing Plants....Pages 485-494 Continuous Production of Indole Alkaloids by Gel-Entrapped Cells of Catharanthus Roseus ....Pages 495-501 Factors Affecting Alkaloid Production in Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 503-511 Papaver Latex and Alkaloid Storage Vacuoles....Pages 513-528 Influence of External pH on Alkaloid Production and Excretion by Catharanthus Roseus Resting Cell Suspensions....Pages 529-533 Stress Metabolism in Plant Cell Cultures: Enhancement of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Osmotically and Salt Adapted Cell Cultures of Catharanthus Roseus ....Pages 535-541 Significant Increase in Pyrimidinic Alkaloid (Trigonelline) Caused by Ionizing Radiation....Pages 543-548 Back Matter....Pages 549-562