Plant Nutrition -- Physiology and Applications : Proceedings of the Eleventh International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, 30 July-4 August 1989, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Exactly 35 years after the first Colloquium was held, the Eleventh International Plant Nutrition Colloquium took place from 30 July to 4 August 1989 in Wageningen, The Netherlands. Although impressive progress has been made during the past decades in our understanding of the mechanisms of uptake, distribution and assimilation of nutrients in relation to crop yield and quality, there are still significant gaps in our insight into many fundamental aspects of plant mineral nutrition and related metabolic processes. In spite of improved knowledge of nutrient requirements of crops and improved fertilizer application strategies, the world population remains to be burdened with an enormous shortage of plant products for food, timber, fuel, shelter, and other purposes. The main challenge facing the plant nutrition research community is to at least alleviate the increasing world-wide need for applying scientific knowledge to practical problems in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. It is therefore felt by many scientists that the Plant Nutrition Colloquia, which are intended to bring together scientists and to integrate knowledge and approaches acquired in plant physiology, biochemis­ try, soil science, agronomy and related disciplines, have indeed made a significant contribution to the advancement of our knowledge and understanding in this vital and interdisciplinary field of agrobiology. About 260 scientists from 40 nations attended the Colloquium in Wageningen. Front Matter....Pages i-xxi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The soil to plant transfer of nutrients: Combining plant and soil characteristics....Pages 3-8 Simulation of nutrient uptake by a growing root system considering increasing root density and inter-root competition....Pages 9-15 Nitrate accumulation by wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in relation to growth and tissue N concentrations....Pages 17-20 Effect of varied shoot/root ratio on growth of maize ( Zea mays ) under nitrogen-limited conditions: Growth experiment and model calculations....Pages 21-27 Influence of nitrate placement on morphology and physiology of maize ( Zea mays ) root systems....Pages 29-32 Influence of nitrogen form and concentration on growth and ionic balance of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and potato ( Solanum tuberosum) ....Pages 33-37 Growth responses of Plantago to ammonium nutrition with and without pH control: Comparison of plants precultivated on nitrate or ammonium....Pages 39-43 Rhizosphere pH along different root zones of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), as affected by source of nitrogen....Pages 45-51 Effects of variation in nitrogen nutrition on growth of poplar ( Populus trichocarpa ) clones....Pages 53-59 Adaptation of growth rate of Populus euramericana to light and nitrate proceeds via the vascular system....Pages 61-67 Optimal nutrition in two forest stands exposed to acid atmospheric deposition....Pages 69-72 Steady state nutrition by transpiration controlled nutrient supply....Pages 73-79 A culture system for steady state nutrition in optimum and suboptimum treatments....Pages 81-85 Interaction between nitrate assimilation in shoots and nitrate uptake by roots of soybean ( Glycine max ) plants: Role of carboxylate....Pages 87-92 Diurnal changes of nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in different organs of Atriplex hortensis (C 3 plant) and Amaranthus retroflexus (C 4 plant)....Pages 93-99 Nitrate assimilation and nitrate content in different organs of ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) ....Pages 101-106 The effect of cadmium on nitrate reductase activity in sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris )....Pages 107-109 Transport of glutamine into the xylem of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus )....Pages 111-115 Influence of fusicoccin and xylem wall adsorption on cation transport into maturing wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) ears....Pages 117-120 Effect of phloem interruption on leaf senescence and nutrient redistribution in wheat ( Triticum aestivum )....Pages 121-125 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Efficiency of Azospirillum inocula in peat formulations: Maize ( Zea mays ) root colonization and effects on initial plant growth....Pages 127-131 Cellular organization of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation in leguminous plants....Pages 133-134 Influence of phosphate status on phosphate uptake kinetics of maize ( Zea mays ) and soybean ( Glycine max )....Pages 135-142 Using a mechanistic model to evaluate the effect of soil pH on phosphorus uptake....Pages 143-146 Phosphorus diffusion to barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) roots as influenced by moisture and phosphorus content of soils....Pages 147-151 Effects of Glomus fasciculatum and isolated rhizosphere microorganisms on growth and phosphate uptake of Plantago major ssp. pleiosperma ....Pages 153-159 Soluble carbohydrates in roots of leek ( Allium porrum ) plants in relation to phosphorus supply and VA mycorrhizas....Pages 161-164 Benefit and cost analysis and phosphorus efficiency of VA mycorrhizal fungi colonizations with sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) genotypes grown at varied phosphorus levels....Pages 165-170 Phosphorus absorption by chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) as affected by VA mycorrhiza and carboxylic acids in root exudates....Pages 171-177 Origin of organic acids exuded by roots of phosphorus stressed rape ( Brassica napus ) plants....Pages 179-183 Grain development in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) ears cultured in media with different concentrations of phosphorus and sucrose....Pages 185-187 Nodule activity and nodule phosphorus in white clover ( Trifolium repens ) in the presence of mineral nitrogen....Pages 189-192 Properties of ecto Ca-ATPase isolated from barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) roots....Pages 193-194 Front Matter....Pages 195-195 Responses of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) to iron stress measured using a computer-controlled continuous-flow hydroponic system....Pages 197-206 Responses of pepper ( Capsium annum ) plants to iron deficiency: Solution pH and riboflavin....Pages 207-211 Iron requirement of cereals and legumes in solution culture....Pages 213-217 A transport mutant of pea ( Pisum sativum ) for the study of iron absorption in higher plant roots....Pages 219-222 The significance of the magnesium to manganese ratio in plant tissues for growth and alleviation of manganese toxicity in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) plants....Pages 223-228 Effects of rhizosphere processes on the solubilization of manganese as revealed with radioisotope techniques....Pages 229-233 Effect of manganese supply on development of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) roots....Pages 235-239 Front Matter....Pages 195-195 Growth enhancement by silicon in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) plants depends on imbalance in phosphorus and zinc supply....Pages 241-249 The effect of zinc and magnesium application on ear density, grain development and grain yield of winter and spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) crops on some Irish soils....Pages 251-255 Control of zinc deficiency in apple orchards in southern Brazil....Pages 257-260 Zinc deficiency and pollen fertility in maize ( Zea mays )....Pages 261-265 Micronutrient foliar intake by different crop plants, as affected by accompanying urea....Pages 267-273 Internal boron requirements of green gram ( Vigna radiata )....Pages 275-280 Effects of seed and soil boron on early seedling growth of black and green gram ( Vigna mungo and V. radiata )....Pages 281-285 The effects of short-term deficiency of boron on potassium, calcium, and magnesium distribution in leaves and roots of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) plants....Pages 287-290 Effect of excess grain boron concentrations on early seedling development and growth of several wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) genotypes with different susceptibilities to boron toxicity....Pages 291-295 Genetic differences in the copper efficiency of cereals....Pages 297-301 Effect of arsenic and molybdenum on plant response of cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea ) grown in sand culture....Pages 303-306 Correlation between extractable chromium, chromium uptake and productivity of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) grown on tannery sludge-amended soil....Pages 307-312 Plant uptake of cadmium as affected by variation in sorption parameters....Pages 313-316 Interactive effects of cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc on root growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in solution culture....Pages 317-322 Long-term effects of fertilization and diffuse deposition of heavy metals on soil and crop quality....Pages 323-326 Front Matter....Pages 327-327 Effects of low activities of aluminium on soybean ( Glycine max) ....Pages 329-334 Effects of low activities of aluminium on soybean ( Glycine max )....Pages 335-343 Role of root cell walls in iron deficiency of soybean ( Glycine max ) and aluminium toxicity of wheat ( Triticum aestivum )....Pages 345-349 Mechanical impedance increases aluminium tolerance of soybean ( Glycine max ) roots....Pages 351-355 Aluminium toxicity tolerance in rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings....Pages 357-363 Front Matter....Pages 327-327 Aluminium tolerance of the velvet beans Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and Mucuna deeringiana ....Pages 365-374 Effects of aluminium on tap-root elongation of soybean ( Glycine max ), cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) and green gram ( Vigna radiata ) grown in the presence of organic acids....Pages 375-379 Organic acids related to differential aluminium tolerance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivars....Pages 381-389 Mineral element concentrations and grain yield of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) grown on acid soil....Pages 391-396 Effects of aluminium on growth, nutrient uptake, proton efflux and phosphorus assimilation of aluminium-tolerant and -sensitive sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) genotypes....Pages 397-401 Similarities and differences between aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) plants....Pages 403-407 Calcium protection against aluminium toxicity....Pages 409-412 Temperature and magnesium effects on aluminium toxicity in annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum )....Pages 413-417 Bioassay technique to assess acid soil constraints for growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) roots....Pages 419-424 Level of acid soil field stress for sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) tolerance development: Comparison among locations....Pages 425-428 Sequential growth stage adjustment to acid soil stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) ....Pages 429-434 Exchangeable aluminium and root growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) as criteria of lime requirement in acid soils of northeast Portugal....Pages 435-441 Effect of low pH of the root medium on proton release, growth, and nutrient uptake of field beans ( Vicia faba) ....Pages 443-448 Nitrogen fixation of lucerne ( Medicago sativa) in an acid soil: The use of rhizotrons as a model system to simulate field conditions....Pages 449-453 Role of plant aerenchyma in wet tolerance of and methane emission from plants....Pages 455-461 Growth and chemical composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare) cultivars on saline substrate as compared with a salt tolerant variety of wheat (Triticum aestivum) ....Pages 463-467 Effect of salinity on calcium transport in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) ....Pages 469-472 Effect of salinity on the distribution of calcium in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum ) fruit and leaves....Pages 473-476 Sodium, chloride and potassium allocation in an annual sweetclover (Melilotus segetalis ) from the Guadalquivir salt marsh in southwest Spain....Pages 477-480 The effect of magnesium sulphate and calcium sulphate on yield and nutrient composition of flax ( Linum usitatissimum) grown on chernozemic soils....Pages 481-485 Front Matter....Pages 327-327 Gas exchange of Ficus carica in response to salinity....Pages 487-493 Ionic balance and osmotic status in carrot ( Daucus carota ) cell suspensions grown under sodium chloride, osmotic and water stress....Pages 495-499 Front Matter....Pages 501-501 Response of grass swards to fertilizer nitrogen under cutting and grazing....Pages 503-507 Response of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum ) to an unequal distribution of nutrients in the root environment....Pages 509-514 Effect of increasing nutrient concentration on growth and nitrogen uptake of container-grown peach and olive....Pages 515-518 Nutrient uptake, production and quality of Rosa hybrida in rockwool as affected by electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution....Pages 519-523 Synchronisation of supply and demand is necessary to increase efficiency of nutrient use in soilless horticulture....Pages 525-531 Cultivation of cut flowers with ammonium as nitrogen source....Pages 533-537 Conceptual evaluation of intensive production systems for tomatoes....Pages 539-544 The effects of continuity of early nitrogen nutrition on growth and development of Lactuca sativa ....Pages 545-549 Influence of nitrogen nutrition on powdery mildew ( Sphaerotheca fuliginea ) infection and metabolism of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus )....Pages 551-556 Fertilizer nitrogen budgets of 15 N-labelled sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris ) tops and Na 15 NO 3 dressings split-applied to winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in microplots on a loam soil....Pages 557-559 Nitrate reductase activity, grain yield and grain protein in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) as affected by nitrogen fertilization under semi-arid conditions....Pages 561-564 Effects of nitrogen and herbicide on grain yield and protein content of a tall and a semi-dwarf wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar in semi-arid conditions....Pages 565-568 Seed characters in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) in relation to nitrogen nutrition....Pages 569-575 Effect of nitrogen on thiocyanate content of Brassica oleracea var. acephala leaves....Pages 577-579 Influence of nitrogen fertilization on sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris ) quality in an area of southern Spain....Pages 581-583 Effect of preceding crops and nitrogen application on safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) yield and nutrient uptake, and on soil nitrogen....Pages 585-590 Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of two sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) cultivars in an acid soil of Venezuela....Pages 591-594 Genotypic diversity in pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies....Pages 595-601 Front Matter....Pages 501-501 Nitrogen and potassium dynamics, rooting intensity, and infection with VA mycorrhiza in a haplic podzol at intensive and organic farming....Pages 603-606 Nutritional stress of maize ( Zea mays ) growing on a gleysol of east Croatia....Pages 607-610 Studies on potassium-magnesium interaction in coconut ( Cocos nucifera )....Pages 611-617 Fruit calcium, quality and disorders of apples ( Malus domestica ) and pears ( Pyrus communis ) influenced by fertilizers....Pages 619-623 Energy flow in an apple plant-aphid ( Aphis pomi De Geer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) ecosystem, with respect to nitrogen fertilization....Pages 625-631 Influence of potassium nutrition on concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, and magnesium and the osmotic potential in sap extracted from wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) ears during preanthesis development....Pages 633-637 Source: sink relationships in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) as influenced by potassium chloride or potassium sulphate nutrition....Pages 639-642 Starch synthesis in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tubers: Activity of selected enzymes in dependence of potassium content in storage tissue....Pages 643-647 The nutrient requirements of Ornithogalum and Lachenalia, two indigenous South African flowering bulbs....Pages 649-652 Growth and mineral composition of grape-vine rootstock cultured in vitro with different levels of ammonium nitrate....Pages 653-654 Phosphorus uptake characteristics of a world collection of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) cultivars....Pages 655-658 The effects of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on physiological parameters, yield and quality of cowpea ( Vigna sinensis )....Pages 659-665 Effect of successive cutting on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of Leucaena leucocephala using 15 N dilution and the difference methods....Pages 667-674 Inorganic N x Bradyrhizobium strain interaction on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) varietal performance in the field, using the 15 N isotope dilution technique....Pages 675-682 Front Matter....Pages 683-683 Prospects for improvement of nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for cereals: A simulation study....Pages 685-692 Weather, nitrogen-supply and growth rate of field vegetables....Pages 693-697 Modelling the response of crops to fertilizers....Pages 699-703 Modelling potassium uptake by wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) crops....Pages 705-709 Simulation of fertilizer influence on yield and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tubers by nonlinear optimization method....Pages 711-715 Determination of fruiting capacity of apple trees ( Malus domestica ) by DRIS....Pages 717-721 Front Matter....Pages 683-683 Criteria for fertilization of vining peas in Portugal....Pages 723-727 Problems of potassium nutrition in citrus ( Citrus sinensis ) orchards in Egypt....Pages 729-733 Some criteria for the assessment of genetic specificity for nitrogen concentration in wheat ( Triticum aestivum )....Pages 735-739 Yield and nitrogen concentrations in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) as affected by split nitrogen application and growth stage....Pages 741-746 The influence of available nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile on the nitrate contents of blanching celery....Pages 747-751 Control of nitrogen supply of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) grown in soilless culture....Pages 753-758 A double-pot technique as a tool in plant nutrition studies....Pages 759-763 In situ nitrate reductase activity in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) as an indicator of nitrogen availability....Pages 765-768 Tissue test of rice plant ( Oryza sativa ) nitrogen using near infrared reflectance....Pages 769-772 Pattern of nitrate assimilation and grain nitrogen yield in field-grown wheat ( Triticum aestivum )....Pages 773-778 Inorganic leaf phosphorus as an indicator of phosphorus nutrition in cereals....Pages 779-784 Potassium deficiency in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) is associated with changes in protein profiles: An approach to diagnosis of mineral status....Pages 785-789 Diagnosis of sulfur deficiency in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) by plant analysis....Pages 791-795 The diagnosis of manganese deficiency in barley ( Hordeum vulgare )....Pages 797-803 Iron(II) determination in leaves of strawberry ( Fragaria vesca )....Pages 805-808 An expert system for diagnosing Brussels sprout ( Brassica oleracea ) disorders in the UK....Pages 809-812 Back Matter....Pages 813-822