Plant Nutrition -- from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice : Proceedings of the Twelfth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, 21-26 September 1993, Perth, Western Australia

__Plant Nutrition - From Genetic Engineering to Field Practice__, the 12th International Colloquium on Plant Nutrition, is the latest in a series which began in 1954. Early meetings were mainly concerned with the practical problems of soil fertility, with soil assessment, fertilizer requirements and methods of analysis. As the colloquia have progressed, the emphasis has slowly changed. The practical problems are still important, but there is increasing emphasis on plant physiology, plant biochemistry, membrane biochemistry, and even on the chemistry of genes which control the proteins which transfer nutrient ions to the inside of cells. The meetings therefore provide a valuable opportunity for each half of the science of plant nutrition to interact with, and learn from the other half. This volume begins with five papers which review current knowledge in important fields: the rhizosphere, molecular biology, electron microscopy, location and function of elements __in vivo__, and modelling nutrient responses in the field. These themes are continued in groups of shorter papers which follow. In addition, there are sections on nutrient dynamics and partitioning, diagnostic techniques, plant survival strategies, mycorrhizas, and on nutrients such as P, N, S, K, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients. A large section is devoted specifically to boron - reflecting the considerable current interest in this element. In total there are 177 refereed papers providing both a broad overview and a detailed picture of the latest developments in pure and applied plant nutrition. Front Matter....Pages I-XXI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The rhizosphere and plant nutrition: a quantitative approach....Pages 3-22 Molecular biological approaches to plant nutrition....Pages 23-33 Recent developments in electron microscopical techniques for studying ion localization in plant cells....Pages 35-45 Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the location and function of plant nutrients in vivo ....Pages 47-57 Modelling nutrient responses in the field....Pages 59-68 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Non-destructive methods for demonstrating chemical changes in the rhizosphere I. Description of methods....Pages 71-74 Non-destructive methods for demonstrating chemical changes in the rhizosphere II. application of methods....Pages 75-78 Dissolution of ferric phosphate by alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) root exudates....Pages 79-82 Mucilage secretion and its interaction with soil, and contact reduction....Pages 83-86 The chemistry of the lowland rice rhizosphere....Pages 87-90 Influx and efflux of Amino acids from Zea mays L. roots and their implications for N nutrition and the rhizosphere....Pages 91-94 Mobilization of different phosphate fractions in the rhizosphere....Pages 95-98 Secretion of acid phosphatase by the roots of crop plants under phosphorus-deficient conditions and some properties of the enzyme secreted by lupin Roots....Pages 99-102 Mechanism of sugar retention by roots of intact maize and field bean plants....Pages 103-106 Biosynthetic pathway of phytosiderophores in iron-deficient graminaceous plants: A new assay system for the detection of nicotianamine amino-transferase activity....Pages 107-109 Influence of minerals on cytoplasmic streaming in root hairs of intact wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)....Pages 111-114 Mobilisation of iron and manganese by plant-borne and synthetic metal chelators....Pages 115-118 Front Matter....Pages 119-119 Towards an understanding of the molecular basis of plant K + transport: characterization of cloned K + transport cDNAs....Pages 121-124 Plasma membrane Ca 2+ channels in roots of higher plants and their role in aluminium toxicity....Pages 125-128 Reduction of Fe(III), Mn(III), and Cu(II) chelates by roots of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) or soybean ( Glycine max )....Pages 129-132 Front Matter....Pages 119-119 Effect of zinc nutritional status on activities of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes in bean leaves....Pages 133-136 Front Matter....Pages 137-137 Screening arabidopsis for mutants in mineral nutrition....Pages 139-142 Temporal and nutritional regulation of soybean 7S seed storage protein gene promoters in transgenic petunia....Pages 143-146 Expression of a gene ( Ids2 ) induced by Fe deficiency treatment in the roots of Hordeum vulgare L.....Pages 147-150 Approaches to cloning genes encoding for nutrient transporters in plants....Pages 151-154 Front Matter....Pages 155-155 Investigations of boron uptake at the cellular level....Pages 157-160 Boron uptake in sunflower, squash and cultured tobacco cells-Studies with stable isotope and ICP-MS....Pages 161-164 Uptake and distribution of calcium in rose plantlets as affected by calcium and boron concentration in culture solution....Pages 165-168 The Contribution of different regions of the seminal roots of wheat to uptake of nitrate from soil....Pages 169-172 Regulation of nitrate uptake by amino acids in maize cell suspension Culture and intact roots.....Pages 173-176 Simulation of the maximum nitrate inflow (Imax) of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) grown under fluctuating climatic conditions in the greenhouse....Pages 177-180 Relationship between intracellular pH and N metabolism in maize ( Zea mays L.) roots....Pages 181-184 Changes in the amino acid composition and protein modification in phloem sap of rice....Pages 185-188 Energy dependent transport occurs in some anoxic plant tissues....Pages 189-191 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 Nutrient storage pool concentrations in plants as diagnostic indicators of nutrient sufficiency....Pages 195-198 Postanthesis remobilisation and losses of nitrogen in wheat in relation to applied nitrogen....Pages 199-201 Allocation of carbon and nitrogen as a function of the internal nitrogen status of a plant: modelling allocation under non-steady-state situations....Pages 203-206 Growth and biomass partitioning of Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. and Festuca ovina (L.) at different relative addition rates of nitrogen....Pages 207-210 The Role of free sugars and amino acids in the regulation of biomass partitioning and plant growth....Pages 211-214 Nitrogen supply and the control of expansive growth and function in leaves and roots....Pages 215-218 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 Nitrogen redistribution to sorghum grains as affected by plant competition....Pages 219-222 Carbon-nitrogen interaction model in field crop production....Pages 223-226 Comparison of production efficiency among field crops related to nitrogen nutrition and application....Pages 227-230 Glutelin accumulation and changes in the levels of its mRNA in the superior and inferior spikelets of rice ear during ripening....Pages 231-234 Improving the mineral reserves and protein quality of maize ( Zea mays L.) kernels using unique genes....Pages 235-238 Effect of sulphur nutrition and leaf excision on distribution and redistribution of sulphur in barley....Pages 239-242 Front Matter....Pages 243-243 Critical plant K concentrations for growth and problems in the diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies by plant analysis....Pages 245-248 Use of cation/anion exchange membranes for multi-element testing of acidic soils....Pages 249-252 The nutrition of grazed pastures in New Zealand....Pages 253-256 Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of cotton and wheat under changing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations....Pages 257-260 Fluorescence and reflectance characteristics of manganese deficient soybean leaves: effects of leaf age and choice of leaflet....Pages 261-264 Release characteristics of ion-exchange resins as buffers in low ionic strength nutrient solutions....Pages 265-268 Non-structural carbohydrate: analysis by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and its importance as an indicator of plant growth....Pages 269-272 Understanding zinc reactions in vertisols to predict zinc responses by wheat....Pages 273-276 Use of GEOCHEM-PC to predict rare earth element (REE) species in nutrient solutions....Pages 277-280 Correction of leaf nutrient values for assessment of Hevea nutrition....Pages 281-283 Symptoms of mineral nutrient deficiencies and the nutrient concentration ranges in seedlings of Eucalyptus Maculata Hook....Pages 285-291 Mineral nutrient disorders of root crops of the Pacific: preliminary observations on sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas )....Pages 293-297 Foliar analysis in the South African Sugar Industry for diagnostic and nutrient trend purposes....Pages 299-302 A global approach to mineral nutrition based on the growth needs of seedlings produced in forest tree nurseries....Pages 303-306 Front Matter....Pages 307-307 Why are hairy root clusters so abundant in the most nutrient-impoverished soils of Australia?....Pages 309-312 Mineral uptake and transport in xylem and phloem of the proteaceous tree, Banksia prionotes....Pages 313-316 Front Matter....Pages 317-317 Phosphorus Allocation in P-Efficient and Inefficient Barley Cultivars as Affected by Mycorrhizal Infection....Pages 319-322 Root Characteristics of Native Plant Species in Relation to the Benefit of Mycorrhizal Colonization for Phosphorus Uptake....Pages 323-326 Effects of Levels of Vam and P Fertilizer on the Response of Linseed to Zinc Fertilizer in an Indian Vertisol....Pages 327-330 Effect of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) intercropping on growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in relation to VA-mycorrhizae and soil fertility....Pages 331-334 Front Matter....Pages 335-335 Phosphorus nutrition and competitive ability in semi-arid grasses....Pages 337-340 Effect of waterlogging and application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the production of two species of an argentine natural grassland....Pages 341-343 Adaptation of tropical forage species to acid soils: The Influence of varying phosphorus supply and soil type on phosphorus uptake and Use....Pages 345-348 Seed size and fertilizer effects on seedling growth of contrasting plant species....Pages 349-352 Effects of seed phosphorus concentration on the emergence and growth of subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum )....Pages 353-356 Front Matter....Pages 357-357 Field studies on calibrations relating soil test phosphorus to plant yield....Pages 359-362 Defining phosphorus efficiency in plants....Pages 363-366 Genotypic differences in phosphorus efficiency of wheat....Pages 367-370 Sowing date and phosphorus utilization by wheat....Pages 371-374 Development of guidelines for the use of PROVIDETM on wheat and canola....Pages 375-378 Effects of rate and time of phosphorus application on seed yield of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) cv. Vita 4....Pages 379-382 Contrasting phosphorus responses of pigeonpea genotypes differing in maturity duration....Pages 383-386 Dissolution of phosphate rock and triple superphosphate in acid soils measured using an open-leaching system....Pages 387-390 Front Matter....Pages 391-391 The Mobility of Boron in Plants....Pages 393-396 Front Matter....Pages 391-391 The control of boron accumulation by two genotypes of wheat....Pages 397-400 Grain Set Failure in Boron Deficient Wheat....Pages 401-404 Effects of Boron on Pollen Viability in Wheat....Pages 405-407 Comparison of Seed Yield and Quality of Peanut ( Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivars in Low Fertility Soils and Their Response to Boron and Complete Fertilizer....Pages 409-412 An Effect of Shade on the Boron Requirement for Leaf Blade Elongation in Black Gram (Vigna Mungo L. Hepper)....Pages 413-416 Effect of boron on nodulated and non-nodulated pea plants....Pages 417-420 Responses of Rape Genotypes to Boron Application....Pages 421-424 Trace element composition of different plant species used for remediation of boron-laden soils....Pages 425-428 Front Matter....Pages 429-429 The use of a double isotope ( 15 N and 34 S) labelling technique to assess the suitability of various reference crops for estimating nitrogen fixation in Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala ....Pages 431-434 15 N 2 measurement of nitrogen fixation by legumes and actinorhizals: theory and practice....Pages 435-438 Differences between Bradyrhizobium strains NC92 and TAL1000 in their nodulation and nitrogen fixation with peanut in iron deficient soil....Pages 439-442 Responses of Bradyrhizobium -inoculated mungbean ( Vigna radiata ) to applied nitrogen....Pages 443-446 Bradyrhizobium technology: a promising substitute for chemical nitrogen fertilizer in Bangladesh agriculture....Pages 447-450 Spatial distribution of root activity and nitrogen fixation in sorghum/pigeonpea intercropping on an Indian Alfisol....Pages 451-454 Effects of low molybdenum seed on nodule initiation, development and N 2 fixation in black gram ( Vigna mungo L. )....Pages 455-458 The role of copper in nitrogen fixation in Lupinus luteus L.....Pages 459-462 Distribution of fixed-N and nitrate-N in cowpea during pod development....Pages 463-464 Pod development of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) in solution culture....Pages 465-468 Front Matter....Pages 469-469 Nitrogen use efficiency of rice reconsidered: What are the key constraints?....Pages 471-474 Synchronising diagnosis and correction of nitrogen deficiency in barley grown in semi-arid environments....Pages 475-478 Front Matter....Pages 469-469 Improving effectiveness of urea as a forage fertilizer....Pages 479-482 Making the most of fall-applied N fertilizer....Pages 483-486 Fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied on two main arables crops, winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) in the loam region of Belgium....Pages 487-490 Use of urease inhibitors to reduce ammonia loss following application of urea to flooded rice fields....Pages 491-493 A comparison of the effects of subsoiling on plant uptake and leaching losses of sulphur and nitrogen from a simulated urine patch....Pages 495-498 Modelling of sulfur oxidation from elemental sulfur....Pages 499-502 Sulfur soil testing....Pages 503-506 Front Matter....Pages 507-507 Nitrogen effects on competition between subterranean clover and capeweed....Pages 509-512 Nitrogen requirements for italian ryegrass seed production....Pages 513-516 Stimulation of cotton root growth and yield by ammonium polyphosphate applied to soil with high levels of available phosphorus....Pages 517-520 Effects of sowing time and plant age on critical nitrogen concentrations in canola ( Brassica napus L.)....Pages 521-524 Effective management of N fertilizer use for wheat and barley production in a semi-arid environment....Pages 525-528 Effect of split N-application on growth and yield of wheat ( T. aestivum L.) genotypes....Pages 529-532 Nitrogen and yield potential of irrigated rice....Pages 533-536 Effect of nitrogen (NH 4 NO 3 ) supply on absorption of ammonium and nitrate by conventional and hybrid rice during reproductive growth....Pages 537-540 Tolerance of ten crop species to atmospheric ammonia during seed germination, radicle and coleoptile growth....Pages 541-544 Front Matter....Pages 545-545 Dead fine roots — a neglected biofertiliser....Pages 547-550 Changes in soil organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13 C natural isotope abundance....Pages 551-554 Surface residue and nitrogen fertilization effects on no-till wheat....Pages 555-558 Economic comparisons between zero and conventional tillage as influenced by N fertiliser management....Pages 559-562 Front Matter....Pages 545-545 Nitrogen nutrition of no-till grain sorghum following Centrosema pascuorum cv Cavalcade pastures....Pages 563-566 Nutrient content of monoculture corn (12 Years) as a function of nitrogen, tillage, and residue management....Pages 567-570 Front Matter....Pages 571-571 Influence of nitrogen at transplanting on growth and yield potential of pepper....Pages 573-576 Nitrogen use and crop quality of hyacinth....Pages 577-580 Response of processing tomatoes to applications of nitrogen and potassium....Pages 581-584 Front Matter....Pages 585-585 Fertigation of no benefit for kiwifruit....Pages 587-590 Determination of the fertiliser requirements of pear trees from tree performance, leaf analysis and fruit quality data....Pages 591-594 Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings....Pages 595-598 Can polyolefin coated nitrogen reduce nitrate leaching and fertilizer requirements for young citrus trees?....Pages 599-602 Front Matter....Pages 603-603 Release of nonexchangeable potassium from different size fractions of two highly K-fertilized soils in the rhizosphere of rape ( Brassica napus cv Drakkar)....Pages 605-608 Distribution of potassium in the soil profile of a sandplain soil under pasture species....Pages 609-612 Potassium, calcium and magnesium antagonism in clones of Populus trichocarpa ....Pages 613-616 Supplemental calcium does not improve growth of salt-stressed brassicas....Pages 617-620 Magnesium deficiency in expanding leaves of phaseolus vulgaris — Gas exchange and nutrient concentrations....Pages 621-624 The effect of potassium application on leaf water relations characteristics of field grown barley plants ( Hordeum distichum L.)....Pages 625-628 Potassium deficiency causes injuries to picea pungens glauca in nurseries....Pages 629-631 Most efficient potassium use in a wheat-rice rotation in sichuan province China....Pages 633-636 Nutrient uptake and yield responses by flue-cured tobacco in an amended sandy soil of Malaysia....Pages 637-640 Response of setaria ( Setaria sphacelata ) to phosphorus and potassium on red soils in subtropical China....Pages 641-644 Analysis of the genotypic variation in radiocaesium uptake from soil....Pages 645-648 Front Matter....Pages 649-649 Zinc-Binding Peptides as a Function of Zn and S in Soybeans....Pages 651-652 Effect of pH on Mn Absorption by Barley Genotypes in a Chelate-Buffered Nutrient Solution....Pages 653-656 Effect of bicarbonate and root zone temperature on uptake of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu by different rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L.) grown in calcareous soil....Pages 657-660 Evaluation of strategy I mechanisms in iron efficient and inefficient maize cultivars....Pages 661-664 Effects of Seed Manganese Concentration on Lupin Emergence....Pages 665-668 Development of an ELISA for Estimation of the Copper Nutritional Status of Wheat and Cotton....Pages 669-672 Copper Supply and the Leaf Emergence Rate of Spring Wheat....Pages 673-675 Novel Nutrient Solutions for Zinc Nutrition Research: Buffering Free Zinc 2+ with Synthetic Chelators and P with Hydroxyapatite....Pages 677-680 Zinc Deficiency Predisposes Winter Cereals to Rhizoctonia Root Rot....Pages 681-684 Effects of Mn on accumulation of nutrients in wheat plants infected with the take-all fungus....Pages 685-688 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Is the Prime Cause Behind Proline Accumulation during Mineral Deficiency in Oryza Sativa ....Pages 689-692 Use of Micronutrients in Increasing Yield of Milk Thistle ( Silybum Marianum , gaertn) Grown in a Desert Area under Irrigation....Pages 693-696 Growth and nutrition of small Betula pendula plants at different relative addition rates of iron, manganese and zinc....Pages 697-700 Genotypical differences in responses to iron deficiency between sensitive and resistant cultivars of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum )....Pages 701-704 Iron, Zinc and Manganese Nutrition of Wetland Rice ( Oryza Sativa L.) on a Gypsum Amended Sodic Soil....Pages 705-708 Effect of Cobalt-Enriched NPK Fertilizer on Cobalt Concentration in Ryegrass and Its Leaching Losses at Different pH Levels....Pages 709-712 Front Matter....Pages 713-713 The effect of aluminium on the distribution of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings of eucalyptus rudis : a cryo-microanalytical study....Pages 715-718 Interactions between aluminium, magnesium and calcium with different monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species....Pages 719-722 Effect of various metal ions on growth of two wheat lines known to differ in aluminium tolerance....Pages 723-726 Screening sorghum for tolerance to excess manganese in solution culture....Pages 727-730 Front Matter....Pages 713-713 Proline in relation to free radical production in seedlings of Brassica juncea raised under sodium chloride stress....Pages 731-734 Crop growth on an acidic duplex soil: variable yields did not reflect variable soil pH and yields were not improved by lime....Pages 735-738 Nutritional limitations of subsoils....Pages 739-742 A multichannel pH controller for solution culture systems....Pages 743-746 Effect of gypsum and lime on wheat growth in pots containing an acidic subsoil....Pages 747-750 Effect of exchangeable aluminium on the reduction of potato scab....Pages 751-754 Physiological responses of lupin roots to high pH....Pages 755-758 Variation in the growth of lupin species and genotypes on alkaline soil....Pages 759-762 High pH in the nutrient solution impairs water uptake in lupinus angustifolius L.....Pages 763-765 Screening species and cultivars for their tolerance to acidic soil conditions....Pages 767-770 Zn and δ15N in plants grown on the soil amended with activated sludge of various Zn levels....Pages 771-774 The binding of zinc in root cells of crop plants by phytic acid....Pages 775-778 What is the significance of herbicide-nutrient interactions on wheat?....Pages 779-782 Distribution of Cu and Zn in soils and mangroves ( Kandelia candel ) in a polluted estuary....Pages 783-786 Differences in the cadmium content of some common WA pasture plants supplied with a range of levels of cadmium....Pages 787-790 Production of SH compounds in higher plants of different tolerance to Cd....Pages 791-794 Effects of potassium and zinc fertilizers, gypsum and leaching on cadmium in the seed of poppies ( Papaver somniferum L.).....Pages 795-798 Back Matter....Pages 799-806