Plant Carbohydrates I: Intracellular Carbohydrates (encyclopedia Of Plant Physiology)

The essential features of constitution, configuration, and conformation in carbo­ hydrate chemistry, so well established in the . first half of this century, had yet to be exploited by those concerned with biochemical and physiological processes in plants when the original Encyclopedia appeared. Two outstanding developments, discovery of sugar nucleotides and the advent of chromatography, brought together the insight and a means of probing complexities inherent in plant carbohydrates. These advances, combined with a modern knowledge of enzymes and cellular metabolism, have provided new horizons of investigation for the student of plant physiology. This volume and its companion (Vol. 13B) present a comprehensive assess­ ment of the current viewpoint in plant carbohydrates with emphasis on those aspects which impinge on physiological processes of growth and development. To accommodate the extensive amount of information to be presented, subject matter has been divided, somewhat arbitrarily, into intracellular and extracellular carbohydrates, with the latter defined as carbohydrates occurring in space out­ side the plasma membrane (plasmalemma). This classification is not exclusive; rather it is intended to lend a degree of flexibility to the way in which subject matter is arranged between volumes. The first section of this volume addresses the occurrence, metabolism, and function of monomeric and higher saccharides of fungi, algae, and higher plants. Front Matter....Pages I-XXII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Aldo (and Keto) Hexoses and Uronic Acids....Pages 3-76 Polyhydroxy Acids: Relation to Hexose Phosphate Metabolism....Pages 77-102 Amino Sugars— Plants and Fungi....Pages 103-123 Branched-Chain Sugars....Pages 124-157 Sugar Alcohols....Pages 158-192 Cyclitols....Pages 193-216 Sucrose and Other Disaccharides....Pages 217-347 Oligosaccharides Based on Sucrose (Sucrosyl Oligosaccharides)....Pages 348-383 Glycosylation of Heterosides (Glycosides)....Pages 384-393 Front Matter....Pages 395-395 Biosynthesis of Starch and Its Regulation....Pages 397-417 Reserve Polysaccharides Other Than Starch in Higher Plants....Pages 418-471 Reserve Carbohydrates of Algae, Fungi, and Lichens....Pages 472-514 Plant Glycoproteins....Pages 515-583 Membrane Glycoproteins....Pages 584-600 Glycolipids and Other Glycosides....Pages 601-612 Steryl Glycosides....Pages 613-631 Front Matter....Pages 633-633 Transport of Sugar....Pages 635-676 Secretion of Nectar....Pages 677-683 Storage of Sugars in Higher Plants....Pages 684-699 Storage of Starch....Pages 700-747 Front Matter....Pages 633-633 Control by External and Internal Factors Over the Mobilization of Reserve Carbohydrates in Higher Plants....Pages 748-793 Back Matter....Pages 795-918