Planetary Nebulae : Proceedings of the 180th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Held in Groningen, The Netherlands, August, 26–30, 1996

Planetary nebulae present a fascinating range of shapes and morphologies. They are ideal laboratories for the study of different astrophysical processes: atomic physics, radiative transfer, stellar winds, shocks, wind-wind interaction, and the interaction between stellar winds and the interstellar medium. In addition, planetary nebulae provide information about the late stages of stellar evolution. In the last five years studies of planetary nebulae have progressed very rapidly and new phenomena and insights have been gained. This is partly due to new observations (e.g. from the Hubble Space Telescope, the ISO satellite and new infrared and millimeter spectrographs) and partly to the advancement of hydrodynamic simulations of the structures of planetary nebulae (PN). Many of these new results were reported at IAU Symposium 180 in Groningen, the Netherlands, on August 26 to 30, 1996. This symposium was dedicated to one of the pioneers of PN research: Stuart Pottasch. These proceedings contain chapters on: Introduction to PN with the basic parameters Distances of PN The central stars of PN The envelopes of PN The evolution from AGB to PN The evolution from PN to white dwarfs PN in the galactic context PN in extragalactic systems The future of PN research . The book contains 29 reviews and more than 200 shorter contributions. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxviii Front Matter....Pages 1-2 Early Days of Planetary Nebular Theory....Pages 3-9 Basic Data....Pages 10-17 Quantitative Classification of [WC] Nuclei of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 18-18 Quantitative Spectral Classification of Late WC Stars....Pages 19-19 Southern Emission Line Flux Standards....Pages 20-20 A New Atomic Line Catalogue for Planetary Nebulae....Pages 21-21 Spectroscopy of New Faint Planetary Nebulae....Pages 22-22 New and Misclassified Planetary Nebulae....Pages 23-23 The IAC Morphological Catalog of Northern Galactic Planetary Nebulae....Pages 24-25 Search and Preliminary Analysis of New Galactic PNe....Pages 26-26 Front Matter....Pages 27-28 Expansion Distances of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 29-39 Trigonometric Parallaxes of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 40-45 Correlation between N/O nebular ratio and central star mass: distances to galactic PN....Pages 46-46 The Dynamics of PNe Halos and the Timescale Correlation Distance....Pages 47-47 Extinction Distances: Partly New Access to an Old Problem....Pages 48-48 Distances of Galactic PN from the Population Segregation of the Peimbert Types....Pages 49-49 Self-Consistent Determination of Distances and Central Star Parameters for a Large Sample of Galactic Planetary Nebulae....Pages 50-50 A New Distance Indicator To The Galactic Planetary Nebulae Based Upon IRAS Fluxes....Pages 51-52 Front Matter....Pages 53-54 Observations of Cspn....Pages 55-63 Winds in The Atmospheres of Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 64-73 Front Matter....Pages 53-54 Planetary Nebulae with Binary Nuclei....Pages 74-84 Family Links Between Planetary Nebulae Nuclei and Cataclysmic Variables, Binary White Dwarfs, R CRB Stars, and SNE IA....Pages 85-90 Spectra of Wolf-Rayet Type Central Stars and Their Analysis....Pages 91-96 Asteroseismology of Planetary Nuclei....Pages 97-98 High Resolution Observations of BD +30 3639 — A Young PN....Pages 99-99 An Empirical Analysis of the Stellar Wind and Planetary Nebulae of the [WC10] Central Stars CPD-56° 8032 and He 2-113.....Pages 100-101 Modelling the Stellar Winds of the [WC10] Central Stars CPD-56° 8032 and He 2–113.....Pages 102-102 Analysis of Hydrogen Rich PG1159 Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 103-103 O ++ Relative Abundance in IC 418 from Permitted Lines....Pages 104-104 The Companion to the Central Star of Abell 35....Pages 105-106 Masses of the Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 107-107 Turbulent Outflows from [WC] Nuclei....Pages 108-108 Variable Central Stars of Young Planetary Nebulae....Pages 109-109 The Variable “Hybrid” PG 1159 Star HS 2324+3944....Pages 110-110 Chemical Abundances of Cold Stars in Binary Nuclei of Abell 35-type Planetary Nebulae....Pages 111-111 Recombination Line Abundances in the Winds of the [WC] Wolf-Rayet Stars....Pages 112-113 Quantitative Spectral Analyses of CSPNs of Early [WC]-Type....Pages 114-115 SNAP: Spreadsheet Nebular Analysis Package....Pages 116-116 The Sphericity Effects in Model Atmospheres of Central Stars of planetary nebulae....Pages 117-117 Spectral Analyses of the [WCL]-type CSPN He 2-459, M 2-43, SwSt 1, PM1-188 and IRAS 21282+5050....Pages 118-118 Front Matter....Pages 53-54 Spectral Analyses of late-type [WC] Central Stars: Element Abundances of N, Ne and Si....Pages 119-119 Non-LTE Model Atmosphere Analyses of Faint PN Central Stars Observed with Keck HIRES....Pages 120-121 NLTE Analysis of Keck HIRES Spectra of K648: Central Star of the Planetary Nebula Ps1 in M15....Pages 122-122 Fading and Variations in the Spectrum of the Central Star of the Young Planetary Nebula SAO 244567 (Hen1357)....Pages 123-124 P Cygni Profiles Variability in Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 125-125 HST Spectrophotometric Data of the Central Star of the Planetary Nebula LMC-N66....Pages 126-127 The Discovery of Heavy Elements (Z > 30) in NGC 7027....Pages 128-129 The Discovery of Raman Lines in NGC 7027....Pages 130-130 On the Role of Evaporative Wind in Precataclysmic Binaries (PCB)....Pages 131-131 NLTE Analysis of Central Stars of Highly Excited Planetary Nebulae....Pages 132-132 Spectroscopy of the Central Stars of Three Old Planetary Nebulae....Pages 133-133 The Central Stars of the Planetary Nebulae NGC 7027 and NGC 6543....Pages 134-134 The influence of new NLTE model atmospheres with wind effects in nebular modeling....Pages 135-135 ORFEUS Observation of the Central Star of NGC 6543....Pages 136-136 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 ISO Results on AGB And Post-AGB Objects....Pages 139-144 ISO - SWS Observations of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 145-150 Molecular Envelopes of Young and Proto PNE....Pages 151-160 Atomic Data for PN Analysis....Pages 161-166 Deep Optical Spectroscopy and Modelling of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 167-173 Planetary Nebulae of Type I Revisited....Pages 175-183 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 On The Morphology and Internal Kinematics of PNE....Pages 184-189 The Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 190-196 Jets and Brets in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 197-203 Narrow Band CCD Imaging of Four PNe....Pages 204-204 IR Fabry-Perot Imaging of NGC 3132....Pages 205-205 Multiwavelength Observations of NGC7027....Pages 206-207 Narrowband HST Images of Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 208-208 Astrophysical Applications of the Iron Project: Ionization Structure and Spectra of Iron in Nebulae....Pages 209-209 A New Deep Imaging Survey of Planetary Nebulae with known Binary Central Stars....Pages 210-210 HST Snapshot Images of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 211-212 Models of Planetary Nebulae based on Deprojection....Pages 213-213 X-ray Emission from Planetary Nebulae....Pages 214-215 Multiple Collimated Outflows in the Planetary Nebula IC 4593?....Pages 216-216 Global Analysis of a Southern Planetary Nebulae Sample....Pages 217-217 The Physical Structure of NGC 2440....Pages 218-218 Stark Broadened Line Profiles of Neutral Strontium Lines in Plasma Conditions....Pages 219-219 Airborne Observations of Far-Infrared Emission Lines from the Photodissociation Regions in Planetary Nebulae: Properties and Masses of the Neutral Components....Pages 220-220 Observations of Near-Infrared H2 Emission in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 221-221 A 3D Kinematic Model of NGC 3242....Pages 222-222 [O II] Electron Density Mapping applied to NGC 6826....Pages 223-223 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 Effect of Ambient Wind Velocity on Planetary Nebula Morphology....Pages 224-224 A Mechanism for the Production of Jets and Ansae in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 225-225 Shaping Bipolar and Elliptical Planetary Nebulae: Rotation and Magnetic Field....Pages 226-226 How to Analyze 2-D Nebular Spectra....Pages 227-227 A New Code for Comprehensive Self-Consistent Modelling of Planetary Nebula Luminescence....Pages 228-228 Infrared Emission from Planetary Nebulae with H-rich and H-poor Central Stars.....Pages 229-229 Structure of Selected Planetary Nebulae Surrounding WR-type Central Stars....Pages 230-230 3D Photoionization Models: the Bipolar PNIC 4406....Pages 231-231 A Rotating Jet in the Quadrupolar Planetary Nebula NGC 6881....Pages 232-233 Chemical Abundances Variations and Kinematical Ages of Multiple Shell Planetary Nebulae and Their Haloes....Pages 234-234 Modeling Hydrogen-Deficient Planetary Nebulae....Pages 235-235 Toward Understanding Nucleosynthesis Patterns in Intermediate-Mass Stars: C, S, and Ar in PNe....Pages 236-236 Near-IR Emission Line Imaging of PN....Pages 237-237 A Near-Infrared Spectral Survey of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 238-238 Deep Imaging of Type IPN....Pages 239-239 The Molecular Envelopes of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 240-241 High Dispersion Spectra of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 242-242 The Planetary Nebulae in NGC 6441 and Pal 6....Pages 243-243 Observations of Gas and Dust in Compact Planetary Nebulae by Imaging and Long Slit Spectroscopy at λ ≈ 10μm....Pages 244-244 H 2 Kinematics in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 245-245 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 The Ground Based Leg for our ISO PNe: Spectroscopy....Pages 246-246 Density and Temperature Inhomogeneities in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 247-247 The Database of Galactic PNe in Innsbruck....Pages 248-248 The Ground-Based leg for our ISO PNe: NIR-Imaging....Pages 249-249 Recombination Line Abundances in NGC 6210....Pages 250-250 Study of Photometric and Spectral Variability of Planetary Nebulae during 1968-1996....Pages 251-251 Physical Conditions in NGC 6543....Pages 252-253 Investigating the Near-IR Properties of PN: Deep Imaging of Molecular Hydrogen Emission....Pages 254-254 The Kinematics of the Extensive Bipolar Lobes and Symmetric Knots of the Planetary Nebula KjPn 8 (PK 112-001)....Pages 255-255 Sub-Arcsecond near-IR Imaging and Long-Slit Spectroscopy of NGC 7027....Pages 256-256 Theoretical Abundances in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 257-257 S II Emission Lines in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 258-258 The Identification of the O V Forbidden Line in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of Gaseous Nebulae....Pages 259-259 The Global Motions of the Cometary Knots in the Helix Planetary Nebula (NGC 7293)....Pages 260-260 The Dramatic Kinematics of the Hydrogen Deficient Planetary Nebula Abell 30....Pages 261-261 Temperature Variations in PN Hydro Models....Pages 262-262 Rapid evolution and nebula formation....Pages 263-263 A Possible Stellar Interaction with NGC 246....Pages 264-264 The Neutral Shells of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 265-265 Millimetre Observations of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 266-266 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 Multiwavelength Kinematics of the PNe Humason 1–2 and NGC 7662....Pages 267-267 A Simple Model for Growth of a Planar Hydrogenated Carbon Cluster under Interstellar or Circumstellar Conditions....Pages 268-268 Spectrophotometric Studies of Planetary Nebulae with [WR] Central Stars....Pages 269-269 Ionisation Structure of NGC 6543....Pages 270-270 Imaging and Spectroscopy of Ejected Common Envelopes....Pages 271-271 Comparative Intensity and Density Mapping of NGC 40....Pages 272-272 The Strength of the Low-Ionization Emission Lines in Type I PNe....Pages 273-273 Abundances Variations in PNe: Real or Illusory?....Pages 274-274 Narrow-band Imaging of NGC 7026....Pages 275-275 Ionization Correction Factors from an Extensive Grid of Photoionization Models of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 276-276 CCD Spectrophotometry of Extended PN: Observations at Wendelstein Observatory....Pages 277-277 Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae with the KAO....Pages 278-278 Electron Excitation of Heavy Elements in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 279-279 Expansion Analyses on Planetary Nebulae....Pages 280-280 HST FOS Spectroscopy of M2-29 and DDDM-1....Pages 281-282 Radio Continuum and Long-slit Optical Spectroscopy of the Planetary Nebulae Cn 3-1 and M 3-27....Pages 283-283 Ca and Dust in Planetary Nebulae....Pages 284-284 A Self-Consistent Photoionization-Dust Continuum-Molecular Line Transfer Model of NGC7027....Pages 285-285 Modelling the Expansion of NGC 7027....Pages 286-286 An Imaging and Spectroscopic Survey of the Abell Planetary Nebulae....Pages 287-287 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 High Velocity Collimated Flow in a Halo Planetary Nebula, H 4-1....Pages 288-288 On the Variations of [OUI] Lines Intensities in the Spectrum of PN IC 4997....Pages 289-289 Giant Emission Features at Large Distances from PNe: A Preliminary Investigation....Pages 290-290 Chemical Abundances and Metallicity of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 291-291 An Empirical Model of Morphologies of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 292-292 X-ray, EUV and Infrared Coronal-Line Radiation from Planetary Nebulae....Pages 293-293 Dynamical Simulations of the Shaping of PNe including Radiation Effects....Pages 294-294 Front Matter....Pages 295-296 Final Stages of AGB Evolution....Pages 297-302 Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 303-312 Binary Post-Agb Stars....Pages 313-318 Multiple Shell Planetary Nebulae: Evolutionary Paths And Observed Configurations....Pages 319-324 The Morphology of Dust Emission in Planetary Nebulae and Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 325-331 The Nature of The Cometary Knots in The Helix Nebula as Determined by HST Images....Pages 332-340 Some New Methods of Time Series Analysis: Applications to the AGB Stars....Pages 341-341 Near-IR Imaging and Optical Spectroscopy of M 2-9....Pages 342-342 Spectroscopy of the Proto-Planetary Nebula CRL 618....Pages 343-343 Pulsations of the MIRA-TYPE Component in the Symbiotic Binary R AQR....Pages 344-345 Millimeter-Wave Interferometry of Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 346-346 Mid-Infrared Imaging of Dust Shells around Young Planetary and Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 347-347 Masers: Probing the Mass Loss Process in PPN....Pages 348-349 Front Matter....Pages 295-296 Sub-Arcsecond Optical Imaging of Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 350-350 Light and Velocity Variability in Proto-Planetary Nebulae....Pages 351-351 Mid-Infrared Imaging of Post-AGB Objects....Pages 352-352 Multiharmonic Analysis of MIRA-Type Stars....Pages 353-353 Late Stages of Stellar Evolution: Numerical Tests on AGB Models....Pages 354-354 OH/IR Star Color Mimics with S(25) > 100 Jy....Pages 355-355 Mainline and Water Maser Observations of OH/IR stars in the Arecibo Sky....Pages 356-356 IR and Masing Properties of Bright IRAS Sources....Pages 357-357 Cycle-To-Cycle Changes in the MIRA-TYPE Star RT CYG....Pages 358-358 Core-Halo Structures in the 12CO Emission of CIT 6, AFGL 618 and IRAS 21282+5050....Pages 359-359 Radio and Optical Observations at High Spatial and Spectral Resolution of Compact Young Planetary Nebulae....Pages 360-360 An Infrared Study of Roberts 22....Pages 361-361 Diffraction-limited Speckle-Masking Observations of the Red Rectangle and IRC +10216 with the 6 m Telescope....Pages 362-362 The Spectral Evolution of Post-AGB Stars....Pages 363-363 Kinematics and Dust Scattering in IRAS 09371+1212....Pages 364-364 CCD Photometry and Spectroscopy of 14 IRAS Sources having Far-IR Colours Similar to Planetary Nebulae....Pages 365-365 The chemical composition of IRAS 05341+0852: a post-AGB F supergiant with 21 μm emission....Pages 366-366 Properties which cannot be Explained by Planetary Nebulae’s Progenitors....Pages 367-367 Through the AGB Towards a Planetary: A Hydrodynamical Simulation....Pages 368-368 Hubble Space Telescope and Ground-Based Optical Imaging of the Proto-Planetary Nebula M1-92....Pages 369-370 Front Matter....Pages 295-296 On the Evolutionary Status of the WR-type PNN....Pages 371-371 Infrared Observations of Candidate Post-AGB Transition Objects....Pages 372-372 Phase-Referenced VLBI Observations of the OH Masers around U Her....Pages 373-373 The Link between Barium Stars and Optically Bright Post-AGB Binaries....Pages 374-374 The Structure of the Molecular Envelope around CRL 2688....Pages 375-376 Front Matter....Pages 377-378 Structure and Evolution of Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 379-388 From Planetary Nebula Nuclei to White Dwarfs: The Impact of Evolutionary Envelope Masses....Pages 389-389 A late He-flash just in Time for ISO?....Pages 390-390 Model Planetaries with Rapidly Evolving Central Stars: A Case for FG Sge....Pages 391-391 Sakurai’s Object: Spectroscopic Monitoring and Nebula Observations....Pages 392-392 A Search for Planetary Nebulae around Hot White Dwarfs....Pages 393-394 Front Matter....Pages 395-396 Abundance Gradients From Planetary Nebulae in The Galactic Disk....Pages 397-404 A Survey for New PN in the Southern Galactic Bulge....Pages 405-405 Vertical Abundances Variation in the Galaxy: The Case of PN....Pages 406-406 Kinematics and Dynamics of Galactic Planetary Nebulae....Pages 407-407 Abundances for a Large Sample of Galactic Planetary Nebulae....Pages 408-408 The Population of Galactic Planetary Nebulae....Pages 409-409 Improved Simulations of the Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function....Pages 410-410 Formation Rates of AGB Stars and Planetary Nebulae....Pages 411-411 An Analysis of Ultraviolet (IUE) and Optical Spectra of High Latitude Planetary Nebulae Hb 7 and Sp 3....Pages 412-412 Front Matter....Pages 395-396 Luminosity Functions of Planetary Nebulae....Pages 413-413 Spectroscopy of New Planetary Nebulae Close to the Galactic Center....Pages 414-414 Front Matter....Pages 415-416 Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds....Pages 417-427 Kinematics and Dynamics of Galactic Systems as Probed by Planetary Nebulae Samples....Pages 428-437 Uv Fluxes In Elliptical Galaxies....Pages 438-447 What we Can Say About Pn if Their Luminosity Function Distances are Correct....Pages 448-459 Post-Agb Stars as Extragalactic Candles....Pages 460-467 Properties of LMC Planetary Nebulae and Parent Populations in the MACHO Database....Pages 468-469 Mass Loss Processes in Hot Evolved Stars: Planetary Nebula Nuclei in the Large Magellanic Cloud....Pages 470-470 Physical parameters and chemical abundances of Planetary Nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud....Pages 471-471 Planetary Nebulae in Elliptical Galaxies: Dynamical Models for Centauras A....Pages 472-472 Formation of the SN1987A Ring due to Magnetic Pressure....Pages 473-473 Theoretical Models of the Planetary Nebula Populations in Galaxies....Pages 474-474 Planetary Nebulae in M31: Abundances, and Comparison with Bright Planetary Nebulae in the LMC....Pages 475-476 Imaging and Spectroscopy of Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope....Pages 477-477 The Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in Centaurus-A (NGC 5128)....Pages 478-478 The Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy....Pages 479-480 Front Matter....Pages 481-482 Comments on Pn Evolution....Pages 483-492 A Dedicated Camera For Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae: The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph....Pages 493-493 Back Matter....Pages 494-507