Pipe Drafting and Design

__Pipe Drafting and Design, Fourth Edition__ is a tried and trusted guide to the terminology, drafting methods, and applications of pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and more. Those new to this subject will find no better introduction on the topic, with easy step-by-step instructions, exercises, review questions, hundreds of clear illustrations, explanations of drawing techniques, methodology and symbology for piping and instrumentation diagrams, piping arrangement drawings and elevations, and piping isometric drawings. This fully updated and expanded new edition also explains procedures for building 3D models and gives examples of field-scale projects showing flow diagrams and piping arrangement drawings in the real world. The latest relevant standards and codes are also addressed, making this a valuable and complete reference for experienced engineers, too. Pipe Drafting and Design Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Overview of Pipe Drafting and Design Project Types Who Hires Pipe Drafters and Designers? Architectural Firms Construction Companies Engineering Companies Fabrication Companies Operating Companies Preparing to Be a Pipe Drafter 2 Steel Pipe History of Pipe Piping Materials Manufacturing Methods Sizing of Pipe Wall Thickness Methods of Joining Pipe Butt-Weld Connections Threaded Connections Socket-Weld Connections Cast Iron Pipe Joining Cast Iron Pipe Plastic Pipe Joining Plastic Pipe Drawing Pipe Chapter 2 Review Quiz 3 Pipe Fittings 90° Elbows Long-Radius Elbow Drawing Symbols for the 90° Long-Radius Elbow Drawing the 90° Long-Radius Elbow Short-Radius Elbow Drawing Symbols for the Short-Radius Elbow Reducing Elbows Mitered Elbows Drawing Symbols for Mitered Elbows 45° Elbows Drawing Symbols for the 45° Elbow Drawing the 45° Elbow 90° Elbows Rolled at 45° Weld Tee Drawing Symbols for the Weld Tee Drawing the Weld Tee The Stub-in Stub-in Reinforcements Coupling Reducers Drawing Symbols for the Concentric and Eccentric Reducer Drawing the Reducers Weld Cap Use of Fittings Applying Fitting Make-Up Dimensions Threaded and Socket-Weld Fittings Fittings Unions Plug Coupling Pipe Nipples Swage Flanged Fittings Cast Iron Fittings Plastic Fittings Fitting Exercise Instructions and Information Chapter 3 Drawing Exercises 4 Flange Basics Rating Flanges Flange Facings Flat Face Raised Face Ring-Type Joint Flange Types Weld Neck Flange Drawing the Weld Neck Flange Slip-on Flange Lap-joint Flange Threaded Flange Socket-Weld Flange Reducing Flange Blind Flange Orifice Flange Bolts Gaskets Chapter 4 Review Quiz Exercise Information Chapter 4 Drawing Exercises Drawing Flanges 5 Valves What is a Valve?1 Common Valve Types Gate Valves Drawing the Gate Valve Globe Valves Angle Valves Check Valves Ball Valve Plug Valve Butterfly Valve Relief Valves Control Valve Valve Operators Actuators Chapter 5 Review Quiz Exercise Information Chapter 5 Drawing Exercises Drawing Valves 6 Mechanical Equipment Types of Equipment Vessels Horizontal Vessels/Accumulators Vertical Vessels/Fractionation Columns/Reactors Ladders, Cages, and Platforms Pumps Centrifugal Pumps Reciprocating Pumps Rotary Pumps Nozzle Arrangements Pump Drivers Compressors Exchangers Shell and Tube Exchanger Double-Pipe Exchanger Reboiler Air Fan Cooling Towers Heaters/Boilers Storage Tanks Types of Mechanical Equipment Equipment in Use Equipment Terminology Vendor Data Drawings Drawing Equipment Drawing the Horizontal Vessel Drawing the 2:1 Semielliptical Head Chapter 6 Review Quiz Chapter 6 Drawing Exercises Exercises: Drawing Equipment 7 Flow Diagrams and Instrumentation Uses of Flow Diagrams Type of Flow Diagrams Process Flow Diagram Mechanical Flow Diagram The Utility Flow Diagram Flow Diagram Instruments Instrument Types Flow Diagram Symbols Flow Plan Arrangement Chapter 7 Review Quiz Exercise Information Exercises 1, 2, and 3 Chapter 7 Drawing Exercises 8 Codes and Specifications Codes Specifications General Piping Specifications Specification Classes Abbreviations Piping Abbreviations Chapter 8 Review Quiz 9 Equipment Layout Plant Coordinate System Plant Elevations Site Plans Unit Plot Plan Equipment Location Drawing Foundation Location Drawing Piping Drawing Index Chapter 9 Review Quiz Chapter 9 Drawing Exercises 10 Piping Arrangement Drawings, Sections, and Elevations Arrangement Drawings Responsibilities of the Piping Designer Information Sources for Piping Arrangement Drawings Layout Procedures Piping Arrangement Drawing Layout Routing Dimensioning Dimensioning Guidelines Piping Sections and Elevations: What are They? Height References Where to Begin? Named Elevations Detail Drawings Pipe Line List Chapter 10 Review Quiz Chapter 10 Drawing Exercises Exercises: Plans, Elevations, and Sections 11 Standard Piping Details Pipe Rack Spacing Drawing Pipe in the Rack Pipe Flexibility Planning for Heat Expansion Pipe Anchors Pipe Insulation Shoes Pipe Guides Pipe Supports Field Supports Dummy Supports Hanger Rods Spring Hangers Pick-up Pipe Supports Chapter 11 Review Quiz 12 Piping Systems Plant Utilities Water Systems Cooling Water Boiler Water Emergency Water Steam and Condensate Fuel Oil and Fuel Gas Flare Systems Air Systems Utility Air Instrument Air Control Valve Manifolds Utility Stations Meter Runs Sewer and Underground Piping Systems Sewer Systems Underground Piping Systems Chapter 12 Review Quiz Chapter 12 Exercise Exercises: Meter Run Calculations 13 Piping Isometrics What is an Isometric? Isometric Orientation Drawing Piping Isometrics Isometric Dimensions, Notes, and Callouts Isometric Dimensions Isometric Notes and Callouts Isometric Offsets Dimensioning Offsets Multiangle Offsets Rolling Offsets Dimensioning Rolling Offsets Pipe Stress Analysis Chapter 13 Review Quiz Chapter 13 Drawing Exercises 14 3D Piping Models and As-Built Drawings Advantages of 3D Modeling Checking for Interferences Generating Drawings Automatically From a Model Generating Isometric Drawings Automatically Computer-Aided Engineering of Models As-Built Drawings for Field Verification and Revision 3D Laser Scanning 15 Project Coordination and Development Process and Instrument Diagrams (P&ID) Piping Arrangement Drawings With Elevations Foundation and Equipment Location Drawings Mechanical Equipment: Vendor Drawings Mechanical Equipment: Footings, Foundations, and Pedestals Main Pipe Rack and Miscellaneous Pipe Supports: Plans, Elevations, and Details Electrical Drawings: Lighting and Power Supply and Grounding Plan 3D Model Views: Units 01, 02, 03, and 04 Appendix Appendix A: Dimensional Data Appendix B: Alphabet of Lines* Appendix C: Review of Math* Appendix D: Use of the Calculator* Appendix E: Architect’s Scale* Glossary A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Index "Pipe Drafting and Design, Fourth Edition, is a tried and trusted guide to the terminology, drafting methods, and applications of pipe, fittings, flanges, valves, and more. Those new to this subject will find no better introduction on the topic, with detailed explanations of piping system components including mechanical equipment, easy step-by-step instructions, exercises, review questions, hundreds of clear illustrations, explanations of drawing techniques, methodology and symbology used in the creation of piping and instrumentation diagrams, piping arrangement drawings, sections and elevations, and piping isometric drawings. This fully updated and expanded new edition also explains procedures for building 3D models and gives examples of a complete field-scale project including flow diagrams, civil drawings, structural steel drawings, vendor data drawings, project specifications, and other relevant piping drawings and documents used in the real world. Key features: Provides tactics on the design and drafting of industrial piping systems, from fundamental to detailed advice on the development of piping drawings, using manual and CAD techniques; Covers 3D model images that provide an uncommon opportunity to visualize an entire piping facility; New 3D illustrations take you inside to see the internals of vessels, exchangers and other pieces of mechanical equipment; includes exercises and questions designed for review and practice; Addresses the latest 3D modeling software programs and 3D scanning systems. The latest relevant standards and codes are addressed, making this a valuable and complete reference not just for experienced engineers but also for entry-level pipe and plant drafters, designers in industry, and students and researchers interested in the design of industrial piping systems."--Back cover Pipe Drafting and Design, Fourth Edition is a tried and trusted guide to the terminology, drafting methods, and applications of pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and more. Those new to this subject will find no better introduction on the topic, with easy step-by-step instructions, exercises, review questions, hundreds of clear illustrations, explanations of drawing techniques, methodology and symbology for piping and instrumentation diagrams, piping arrangement drawings and elevations, and piping isometric drawings. This fully updated and expanded new edition also explains procedures for building 3D models and gives examples of field-scale projects showing flow diagrams and piping arrangement drawings in the real world. The latest relevant standards and codes are also addressed, making this a valuable and complete reference for experienced engineers, too. Provides tactics on the drafting and design of pipes, from fundamentals to detailed advice on the development of piping drawings, using manual and CAD techniques Covers 3-D model images that provide an uncommon opportunity to visualize an entire piping facility Includes exercises and questions designed for review and practice Introduces the latest 3D modeling software programs and 3D scanning systems