Pilgrimage and Tourism to Holy Cities: Ideological and Management Perspectives (CABI Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Series)

This book covers the ideological motives and religious perceptions behind travel to sites prescribed with sanctity in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It covers sites that have drawn pilgrims and religious tourists to them for hundreds of years and seeks to provide an understanding of the complex world of religiously motivated travel. Beginning with contemporary perspectives of pilgrimage across these religions, it then discusses management aspects such as logistics, infrastructure, malevolent behavior, and evangelical volunteers. This book: - Provides a collection of new, contemporary perspectives on pilgrimage. - Reviews the ideological motives, history, mental health, and religious perceptions of tourism to holy cities. - Contains practical applications, models and illustrations of religious tourism and pilgrimage management from a variety of international and academic perspectives. Written by subject experts, this book addresses cultural sustainability for researchers and practitioners within religious tourism, religious studies, geography and anthropology Cover 1 PILGRIMAGE AND TOURISM TO HOLY CITIES: Ideological and Management Perspectives 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Contributors 8 Introduction 12 1: Western Holy Cities and Places – An Introduction 14 Structure of the Book 16 Part I: Western Pilgrimageto Holy Citiesin Judaism, Christianity and Islam 22 2: Judaism – Jewish and Israeli Pilgrimage Experience: Constructing National Identity 24 Introduction 24 Historical Perspectives 25 Pilgrimage to Masada 27 Pilgrimage to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdenek and Treblinka 29 Folk Pilgrimage to Saints’ Tombs 30 Conclusion 33 References 33 3: Christianity – Contemporary Christian Pilgrimage and Traditional Management Practices at Sacred Sites 35 Introduction 35 Christian Pilgrimage: A Brief History 35 The Changing Nature of Contemporary Christian Pilgrims 37 Managing the Pilgrim’s Experiences at Sacred Sites (From Tradition to Modernity) 38 Innovative Approaches to the Management of Contemporary Pilgrim Needs and Expectations at Sacred Sites 38 Pilgrim trails and routes 39 Technology in the Contemporary Pilgrimage Experience 41 Audio guides 41 Static digital displays 41 Apps and location-based technology 43 Connecting remotely 45 Virtual pilgrims 45 Virtual retail 45 WEB 2.0-sharing 47 The modern church visitor 47 Reflection 48 The Future of Pilgrimage 49 Conclusion 50 References 51 4: Christianity – Christian Pilgrimage to Sacred Sites in the Holy Land: A Swedish Perspective 54 Introduction 54 Jerusalem as the Sacred Place Between Heaven and Earth 55 Driven by Adventure and Curiosity 57 You Will Find What Suits Your Purpose 59 Fact is Fact but Another Place May be Better 63 Witness to Radical Change in Society 65 Sacred Places as Political Watersheds 66 Conclusion 67 Note 68 References 68 5: Islam – Contemporary Perspectives 70 Introduction 70 Distortion and Misunderstanding of Islam 71 Islamic Tension and the Origins of the Mosque in Britain 71 Understanding the Concept of the Mosque 71 Mosques as Religious Sites for Muslim Pilgrimage 73 Concept of Ummah: An Illustration of Community Building 74 Islam – Compatible with the Modern Way of Life? 75 Ways of Life – Similarities and Differences between ‘the West’ and ‘Islam’ 77 Conclusion 78 Bibliography 78 6: Islam – Spiritual Journey in Islam: The Qur’anic Cognitive Model 82 Introduction 82 The Qur’anic Cognitive Model (QCM) 82 Islamic Monotheism 85 God’s Omnipotence and Monotheism 87 Prophethood and the Universal Message of the Qur’an 90 The Role of Individuals in Achieving Balance 91 Conclusion 94 References 95 Part II: Managing Pilgrimage Sites in Holy Cities 96 7: Pilgrimage Policy Management: Between Shrine Strategy and Ritual Improvisation 98 Introduction: Managing Space 98 Loosening Up 100 Religious Hosting 101 Europe as a Religious Landscape 104 Shrines as Tight and Loose Spaces: English Case Studies 106 Concluding Remarks 108 References 109 8: The Management of Pilgrims with Malevolent Behaviour in a Holy Space: A Study of Jerusalem Syndrome 111 Introduction 111 Tourism and Pilgrimage 112 Psychogeography: The Role of ‘a Significant Place’ 112 Pilgrimage to Jerusalem 114 The Messianic Idea and Millennialism 114 Malevolent Behaviour in a Holy Space – ‘Jerusalem Syndrome’ 115 Our Study of Jerusalem Syndrome 115 The case of ‘Patrick the emissary’ 118 Psychological commentary 120 Conclusion 121 References 122 9: Logistics at Holy Sites 124 Introduction 124 The ‘Pious’ Contemporary Pilgrim 125 The Religious Tourism Market 126 Business Factors in Holy Places 129 The Management of Holy Places 135 Conclusion 136 Note 138 References 139 10: Protestants and Pilgrimages: The Protestant Infrastructure in Jerusalem 140 Introduction 140 A Protestant Holy Land? 141 Early Protestants in Jerusalem 142 American Protestant Pilgrims 145 Following World War I and Towards a Jewish State 148 1967 and Beyond 150 Conclusion 153 References 153 11: The Impact of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria’s Campaign on Yezidi Religious Structures and Pilgrimage Practices 155 Introduction 155 An Overview of Iconoclasm and Destruction of Pilgrimage Sites in the Muslim World 156 The History of Yezidis 159 Yezidi Pilgrimages and Ceremonies 160 The Disruption and Destruction of the Yezidi Cultural Fabric 162 Conclusion 164 References 165 12: Ambassadors for the Kingdom: Evangelical Volunteers in Israel as Long-term Pilgrims 167 Introduction 167 Pilgrimage and Religion 168 ‘Christian Zionism’ 169 Evangelical Pilgrimage 170 Volunteering as Long-term Pilgrimage 173 Ambassadors for the Kingdom 175 Conclusion 176 Notes 177 References 178 Closing Words 180 13: Redeeming Western Holy Places and Contested Holy Cities 182 Introduction 182 Holy City versus Holy Place 183 Representations of a ‘Holy Place’ and a ‘Holy City’ 184 The Impact of Travel and Tourism on a ‘Holy City’ 187 Encounters in ‘Holy Cities’ 189 References 190 Appendix – Discussion Points 192 Chapter 2 192 Chapter 3 192 Chapter 4 192 Chapter 5 193 Chapter 6 193 Chapter 7 193 Chapter 8 193 Chapter 9 194 Chapter 10 194 Chapter 11 194 Chapter 12 194 Index 196 Back_Cover 206 This Book Covers The Ideological Motives And Religious Perceptions Behind Travel To Sites Prescribed With Sanctity In Judaism, Christianity And Islam. It Covers Sites That Have Drawn Pilgrims And Religious Tourists To Them For Hundreds Of Years, And Seeks To Provide An Understanding Of The Complex World Of Religiously Motivated Travel. Beginning With Contemporary Perspectives Of Pilgrimage Across These Religions, It Then Discusses Management Aspects Such As Logistics, Infrastructure, Malevolent Behaviour And Evangelical Volunteers. Written By Subject Experts, This Book Addresses Cultural Sustainability For Researchers And Practitioners Within Religious Tourism, Religious Studies, Geography And Anthropology. ## Abstract This book covers the ideological motives and religious perceptions behind travel to sites prescribed with sanctity in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and puts emphasis on a practical application of religious tourism and pilgrimage management. Part I of the book, 'Western Pilgrimage to Holy Cities in Judaism, Christianity and Islam', provides historical and contemporary perspectives of pilgrimage across these religions. Part II, 'Managing Pilgrimage Sites in Holy Cities', addresses a range of management issues such as logistics, infrastructure, and malevolent visitor behaviour. The book has 13 chapters, and includes a list of discussion points and a subject index. This book covers ideological motives and religious perceptions behind travel to sites. Beginning with contemporary perspectives of pilgrimage, it then discusses management aspects such as logistics, infrastructure, malevolent behaviour and evangelical volunteers, and provides practical applications, models and illustrations to aid understanding.