Piezoelectric Sensors (Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Volume 5)

Chemically and biologically functionalized piezoelectric sensors are attractive alternatives to surface sensitive transducers due to their surpassing versatility. The fourth volume of Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors includes a comprehensive theoretical treatment and the current state-of-the art applications of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Interface circuits and the study of viscoelasticity and micromechanics as well as surface roughness with the QCM are discussed. The broad field of analytical applications of piezoelectric sensors is covered, which ranges from nucleic acid detection, immunosensors, protein-membrane interactions, monitoring of cells by imprinted polymers to the viscoelastic response of living mammalian cells on QCM-resonators. Sophisticated derivatives of the classical QCM such as rupture event scanning, the use of extraordinary high frequency crystals, and the electrochemical QCM clearly reveal the advantages of combining multiple techniques to realize new detection schemes on the basis of piezoelectric resonators. Contents......Page 10 Part I: Physical Aspects of QCM-Measurements......Page 12 Interface Circuits for QCM Sensors......Page 13 1. Introduction......Page 16 2. Crystals......Page 17 3. Fundamentals of Oscillators......Page 32 4. Sensor Interface Circuits......Page 37 5. Examples for Sensor Interface Circuits......Page 43 References......Page 56 Studies of Viscoelasticity with the QCM......Page 58 1. Introduction......Page 61 2. Complex Resonance Frequencies......Page 65 3. Assumptions of the Standard Model......Page 68 4. Wave Equations and Continuity Conditions: The Mathematical Approach......Page 70 5. The QCM as an Acoustic Reflectometer: The Optical Approach......Page 74 6. Equivalent Circuits: The Electrical Approach......Page 78 7. Relation Between the Frequency Shift and the Load Impedance......Page 84 8. Layered Systems within the Small-Load Approximation......Page 87 9. Perturbation Analysis......Page 102 10. Concluding Remarks......Page 108 Appendix: A Derivation of the Butterworth–van Dyke Equivalent Circuit......Page 109 References......Page 116 Probing the Solid/Liquid Interface with the Quartz Crystal Microbalance......Page 119 1. Introduction......Page 121 2. Effect of Thin Surface Films......Page 125 3. Quartz Crystal Operating in Contact with a Liquid......Page 128 4. Quartz Crystals with Rough Surfaces Operating in Liquids......Page 138 5. Slippage at Rough Surfaces......Page 151 6. Conclusion......Page 153 References......Page 155 Studies of Contact Mechanics with the QCM......Page 158 1. Introduction......Page 159 2. Modeling with Discrete Mechanical Elements......Page 160 3. Nonlinear Mechanics and Memory Effects......Page 168 4. Continuum Models......Page 171 5. Concluding Remarks......Page 175 References......Page 176 Part II: Chemical and Biological Applications of the QCM......Page 178 Imprinted Polymers in Chemical Recognition for Mass-Sensitive Devices......Page 179 1. Introduction......Page 180 2. Mass-Sensitive Devices......Page 181 3. Generating Selectivity......Page 189 4. Exemplary Sensor Applications......Page 194 5. Future Outlook and Perspective......Page 213 References......Page 214 1. Introduction......Page 217 2. DNA-Based QCM Sensors Based on the Hybridization Reaction......Page 219 3. Application of QCM Sensors Based on the Hybridization Reaction......Page 224 4. New Frontiers in Nucleic Acid-Based Piezoelectric Biosensors: Aptasensors......Page 234 5. Conclusions......Page 238 References......Page 239 Piezoelectric Immunosensors......Page 242 1. General Introduction......Page 243 2. Piezoelectric Immunosensors......Page 260 References......Page 280 Specific Adsorption of Annexin A1 on Solid Supported Membranes: A Model Study......Page 286 1. Solid Supported Membranes......Page 287 2. Interaction of Annexin A1 with Membranes......Page 293 3. Conclusions......Page 305 References......Page 306 The Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Cell Biology: Basics and Applications......Page 308 1. QCM as an Emerging Tool in Cell Biology......Page 309 2. Lessons from Cell Adhesion......Page 311 3. Analyzing Confluent Cell Layers......Page 322 4. Electrochemical QCM: New Options and New Insights......Page 337 5. Outlook on QCM Applications in Cell Biology......Page 340 References......Page 342 Part III: Applications Based on Advanced QCM-Techniques......Page 344 1. Introduction......Page 345 2. Enzyme Reactions on DNA......Page 347 3. Enzyme Reactions on Glycans......Page 358 References......Page 371 The Quartz Crystal Microbalance and the Electrochemical QCM: Applications to Studies of Thin Polymer Films, Electron Transfer Systems, Biological Macromolecules, Biosensors, and Cells......Page 374 1. Introduction to Piezoelectric Techniques and the Quartz Crystal Microbalance......Page 375 2. Studying Thin Film Systems with the QCM......Page 379 3. Electron Transfer Studies of Chemical and Polymer Systems with the EQCM......Page 389 4. EQCM Use in Studying Biochemical Processes, Biomimetic Systems and in Creating Biosensors......Page 401 5. Applications of QCM to Studies of Cell Behavior......Page 412 6. Future Prospects......Page 419 References......Page 422 The QCM-D Technique for Probing Biomacromolecular Recognition Reactions......Page 428 1. A Brief QCM History......Page 429 2. QCM-D Technique for Biorecognition Studies......Page 437 3. Conclusions and Outlook......Page 448 References......Page 449 Resonant Acoustic Profiling (RAPTM) and Rupture Event Scanning (REVSTM)......Page 451 1. Resonant Acoustic Profiling......Page 452 2. Rupture Event Scanning......Page 469 References......Page 478 E......Page 482 Q......Page 483 X......Page 484 Chemically and biologically functionalized piezoelectric sensors are attractive alternatives to surface-sensitive transducers due to their surpassing versatility. The fourth volume of the Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors includes a comprehensive theoretical treatment and current state-of-the art applications of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Interface circuits and the study of viscoelasticity and micromechanics as well as surface roughness with the QCM are discussed. The broad field of analytical applications of piezoelectric sensors is covered, which ranges from nucleic acid detection, immunosensors, protein-membrane interactions and monitoring cells by imprinted polymers to the viscoelastic response of living mammalian cells on QCM-resonators. Sophisticated derivatives of the classical QCM, such as rupture event scanning, the use of extraordinary high frequency crystals, and electrochemical QCM, clearly reveal the advantages of combining multiple techniques to realize new detection schemes on the basis of piezoelectric resonators.

this Volume Includes A Comprehensive Theoretical Treatment And Current State-of-the Art Applications Of The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (qcm). It Discusses Interface Circuits And The Study Of Viscoelasticity And Micromechanics As Well As Surface Roughness With The Qcm. Coverage Also Details The Broad Field Of Analytical Applications Of Piezoelectric Sensors.

Chemically and biologically functionalized piezoelectric sensors are attractive alternatives to surface-sensitive transducers due to their surpassing versatility. Part of the "Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors", this volume includes a comprehensive theoretical treatment and applications of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)