ترانسدیوسرهای الکترومکانیکی پیزوالکتریک برای صدا در زیر آب، جلد سوم و چهارم

**A comprehensive yet practical treatment of piezoelectric transducers for underwater sound.** The book presents a broad-scope analysis of piezoelectric electromechanical transducers and the related aspects of practical transducer design for underwater applications. It uses an energy method for analyzing transducer problems that provides the physical insight important for the understanding of electromechanical devices. Application of the method is first illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as systems with a single degree of freedom, (such as spheres, short cylinders, bars and flexural disks and plates made of piezoelectric ceramics). Thereupon, transducers are modeled as devices with multiple degrees of freedom. In all these cases, results of modeling are presented in the form of equivalent electromechanical circuits convenient for the calculation of the transducers'operational characteristics. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations in mechanical systems on transducer performance. The book also provides extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers. The book is inherently multidisciplinary. It provides essential background regarding the vibration of elastic passive and piezoelectric bodies, piezoelectricity, acoustic radiation, and transducer characterization. Scientists and engineers working in the field of electroacoustics and those involved in education in the field will find this material useful not only for underwater acoustics, but also for electromechanics, energy conversion and medical ultrasonics. The book presents a broad-scope analysis of piezoelectric electromechanical transducers and the related aspects of practical transducer design for underwater applications. It uses an energy method for analyzing transducer problems that provides the physical insight important for the understanding of electromechanical devices. Application of the method is first illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as systems with a single degree of freedom, (such as spheres, short cylinders, bars and flexural disks and plates made of piezoelectric ceramics). Thereupon, transducers are modeled as devices with multiple degrees of freedom. In all these cases, results of modeling are presented in the form of equivalent electromechanical circuits convenient for the calculation of the transducers' operational characteristics. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations in mechanical systems on transducer performance. The book also provides extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers. The book is inherently multidisciplinary. It provides essential background regarding the vibration of elastic passive and piezoelectric bodies, piezoelectricity, acoustic radiation, and transducer characterization. Scientists and engineers working in the field of electroacoustics and those involved in education in the field will find this material useful not only for underwater acoustics, but also for electromechanics, energy conversion and medical ultrasonics The book is the most comprehensive coverage of piezoelectric acoustic transducers and all the related aspects of practical transducer designing for underwater applications in the field. It uses a physics-based energy method for analyzing transducer problems. This gives great physical insight into the understanding of the electromechanical devices. The great benefit of the energy method is that the multidisciplinary subject of electro-mechano-acoustics can be presented in parts and the solutions to the problems (electrical, electro-piezo, mechanical, and radiation) are combined using equivalent electrical circuit network theory. The energy and equivalent electromechanical circuit method at first is illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as a single degree of freedom system (such as spheres, short cylinders and flexural beams and plates). Then transducers are modeled as multiple degrees of freedom devices and the results are presented using multi contour electromechanical circuits. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations on the transducer performance. The Book gives also extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers. It provides practical results that are directly useful for the transducers modeling. While there have been many studies of acoustic radiation of various shapes, non-previous presented the results in terms of such practical utility PREFACE Table Of Contents Part III Calculating Transducers of Different Types CHAPTER 7 Cylindrical Transducers CHAPTER 8 Spherical Transducers CHAPTER 9 Flexural Plate Transducers CHAPTER 10 Length Expander Transducers and Their Modifications Part IV Some Aspects of Transducers Designing CHAPTER 11 Effects of Operational and Environmental Conditions CHAPTER 12 Hydrostatic Pressure Equalization CHAPTER 13 Projectors Designing Related Issues CHAPTER 14 Sensors Designing Related Issues CHAPTER 15 Combining Finite Element Analysis with Analytical Method Afterword LIST OF SYMBOLS APPENDIX A. Properties of Passive Materials APPENDIX B. Properties of Piezoelectric Ceramics APPENDIX C. Special Functions