Physiological Plant Ecology III: Responses to the Chemical and Biological Environment: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology; New Series, Volume 12C (Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series)

O.L. LANGE, P.S. NOBEL, C.B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER Growth, development and reproductive success of individual plants depend on the interaction, within tolerance limits, of the factors in the physical, chemical and biological environment. The first two volumes of this series addressed fea­ tures of the physical environment (Vol. 12A) and the special responses of land plants as they relate to water use and carbon dioxide assimilation (Vol. 12B). In this volume we consider specific aspects of the chemical and biological envi­ ronment, and whereas the previous volumes were primarily concerned with the atmospheric interactions, our emphasis here shifts very much to the soil. This complex medium for plant growth was briefly reviewed in Chapter 17, Volume 12A. Since it is difficult to determine the precise physical and chemical interactions in the soil, it is even more difficult to determine the important biological interactions among organisms. Nevertheless there is growing aware­ ness of the significance of these interactions and their effects on physiological processes in the individual plant. Front Matter....Pages I-XI Introduction....Pages 1-3 The Ionic Environment and Plant Ionic Relations....Pages 5-34 Osmoregulation....Pages 35-58 Halotolerant Eukaryotes....Pages 59-135 Halophilic Prokaryotes....Pages 137-162 Physiology and Ecology of Nitrogen Nutrition....Pages 163-200 Influence of Limestone, Silicates and Soil pH on Vegetation....Pages 201-244 Toxicity and Tolerance in the Responses of Plants to Metals....Pages 245-300 Ecophysiology of Nitrogen-Fixing Systems....Pages 301-390 Ecophysiology of Mycorrhizal Symbioses....Pages 391-421 Ecophysiology of Lichen Symbioses....Pages 423-467 Interactions Between Plants and Animals in Marine Systems....Pages 469-488 Ecophysiology of Carnivorous Plants....Pages 489-517 Host-Parasite Interactions in Higher Plants....Pages 519-535 Virus Ecology — “Struggle” of the Genes....Pages 537-558 Ecophysiology of Zoophilic Pollination....Pages 559-624 Physiological Ecology of Fruits and Their Seeds....Pages 625-655 Physiological and Ecological Implications of Herbivory....Pages 657-677 Interactions Between Plants....Pages 679-710 Back Matter....Pages 711-802