Physics of Solar and Stellar Coronae: G.S. Vaiana Memorial Symposium : Proceedings of a Conference of the International Astronomical Union, Held in Palermo, Italy, 22–26 June, 1992

The original plans for a meeting to celebrate the second centenary of the As­ tronomical Observatory of Palermo were for a celebration with a double character. The gathering was to have both a historical character, appropriate for a bicenten­ nial, and a technical character, to note and chronicle the new phase of the history of the Observatory, which has prospered in parallel with the development of this fairly recent topic in astronomical research, the physics of stellar and solar coronae. After the untimely death of the Observatory's Director, Giuseppe S. Vaiana (Pippo to his many friends), a number of colleagues and friends insisted that the celebration should nevertheless be held and should be dedicated to this farsighted scientist who stimulated the development of coronal physics from the early x-ray observations of the solar corona to the recognition of coronae as an observable feature of nearly all stars. This memorial dedication did not change the character of the meeting, which was held in Palermo from 22 to 26 June 1992; as his contributions are very alive in the papers presented at the meeting and collected here, Pippo Vaiana has certainly achieved his place in the history of Astronomy. Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 G. S. Vaiana Memorial Lecture....Pages 3-19 On the History of the Palermo Astronomical Observatory....Pages 21-33 Bode’s Law and the Discovery of Ceres....Pages 35-46 The Nineteenth-Century Birth of Astrophysics....Pages 47-58 Half a Century of Solar Physics - Some Episodes -....Pages 59-68 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 NIXT High Resolution Observations....Pages 71-82 High Resolution Thermally Differentiated Images of the Chromosphere and Corona....Pages 83-96 New Aspects of Solar Coronal Physics Revealed by Yohkoh....Pages 97-111 Dynamics of the Solar Corona Observed with the Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope....Pages 113-130 Hard X-Ray Solar Flares Observed by Yohkoh and Particle Acceleration....Pages 131-138 Properties of SMM Flares....Pages 139-146 Analysis of Flare Evolution in the Emission Measure-Temperature Diagram for Three Events Observed by SMM....Pages 147-150 Hydrodynamics and Diagnostics of Coronal Loops Subject to Dynamic Heating....Pages 151-158 Soft X-Ray Line Shifts as Signature of the Flare Heating Process....Pages 159-162 Siphon Flow Models of Coronal Loops....Pages 163-166 Spectral Predictions by a Thermal Hydrodynamical Model of a Solar Flare Loop....Pages 167-170 Energy Release Topology in Solar Flares: An XUV Perspective....Pages 171-174 Plasma Temperature Distribution during the Impulsive Phase of Solar Flares....Pages 175-178 Non-Thermal Line Profiles in Solar Flares....Pages 179-182 Coronal Loop Interaction....Pages 183-186 Back Matter....Pages 199-207 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Quiescent Solar Prominences: A Two-Dimensional Model....Pages 187-189 MHD Waves in a Solar Prominence....Pages 191-194 Calibrated Solar EUV Spectrum from Serts....Pages 195-198 Back Matter....Pages 199-207 Front Matter....Pages 209-209 Stellar Coronal Emission: What we have Learned from Pre-ROSAT Observations....Pages 211-224 Stellar Coronal X-Ray Spectroscopy....Pages 225-236 Time Variability of Stellar X-Ray Emission....Pages 237-248 X-Rays and Activity in Pre-Main Sequence Stars....Pages 249-256 A-Type and Chemically Peculiar Stars....Pages 257-266 Coronal Stellar Emission in Galaxies....Pages 267-273 The G.S. Vaiana X-Ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing (XACT) Facility....Pages 275-278 Coronal Emission at the Low Mass End: Results from an Optical-Selected Sample of Nearby K and M Stars Surveyed with the Einstein Observatory....Pages 279-282 The X-Ray Emission of T Tauri Stars in Taurus-Auriga as Seen from the Einstein Observatory IPC....Pages 283-286 An Analysis of the Stellar Content of the Einstein Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey Using Age-Homogeneous X-Ray Luminosity Functions....Pages 287-290 X-Ray and UV Emission from Post-Main-Sequence Stars: The Connection Between Surface Activity and Evolution....Pages 291-294 Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of Cool Stars Serendipitously Discovered By EXOSAT....Pages 295-298 Lithium Abundance in Northern-Hemisphere Active Binary Stars....Pages 299-302 Lithium Abundance Determination in EMSS Stellar Sources....Pages 303-306 Lithium in Stars X-Ray Selected by EXOSAT....Pages 307-310 Emission up to 18 keV in the Quiescent X-Ray Spectrum of II Peg....Pages 311-314 The Large Coronal Structure and Mass Loss of Active Late-Type Dwarfs....Pages 315-317 Back Matter....Pages 319-323 Front Matter....Pages 325-325 ROSAT Observations of Late-Type Stars....Pages 327-336 X-Ray Emission from the Pleiades....Pages 337-343 ROSAT Observations of the Hyades....Pages 345-351 ROSAT HRI Observations of the Orion Nebula....Pages 353-356 ROSAT X-ray Study of the Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Dark Cloud....Pages 357-360 The ROSAT All-Sky Survey of Active Binary Coronae: The RS CVn Systems....Pages 361-364 Soft X-Ray Emission and Spectra of Evolved Stars from ROSAT Pointed Observations....Pages 365-368 A ROSAT EUV Survey of Coronal Activity in Nearby Stars and Cosmic Ray Injection into the Interstellar Medium....Pages 369-372 ROSAT EUV Luminosity Functions of Nearby Late Type Stars....Pages 373-376 X-Ray/Optical Survey of Late Type Stars....Pages 377-380 Coronal Activity in Relation to Chromospheric Cycles and Stellar Rotation....Pages 381-381 Correlation Between Radio and X-Ray Luminosities among Late-Type Stars: A ROSAT-VLA Survey of M Dwarfs....Pages 383-386 Back Matter....Pages 387-389 Front Matter....Pages 391-391 Radio Emission from Coronal-Type Stars....Pages 393-400 Mass Loss from Cool Dwarfs: Limits on Detectability....Pages 401-403 Radio and X-Ray Luminosity of RS CVn Binary Systems....Pages 405-408 A Remarkable Circularly Polarized Radio Flare on AR Lac....Pages 409-412 Single-Dish Monitoring of RS CVn Binary Systems....Pages 413-416 Spectra of Coronal Radio Emission from Algol Binaries....Pages 417-420 Stellar Coronal Imaging....Pages 421-430 A Bright, Blue Spot on the dMe Star, AU Mic....Pages 431-434 Back Matter....Pages 509-511 Front Matter....Pages 391-391 Imaging the Photosphere & Chromosphere of the Rapidly Rotating dMe Star, HK Aqr....Pages 435-438 Imaging the Photosphere and Chromosphere of the RS CVn Star, II Peg....Pages 439-442 Spatial Correlations Between Coronal and Photospheric Active Regions on Late-Type Stars....Pages 443-446 Magnetic Activity of Late Type Stars....Pages 447-456 Riass Observations of AB Doradus (HD 36705)....Pages 457-462 Observations of Low Level Optical Variability in Active Stars....Pages 463-466 Extending the Presence of Chromospheres and Coronae to Middle A-Type Stars....Pages 467-470 Chromospheric Heating in K & M Dwarfs....Pages 471-474 Analysis of Chromospheric Activity Indicators in MM Her and AR Psc....Pages 475-478 Ultraviolet Study of 71 Tau, the Brightest X Source of the Hyades Cluster....Pages 479-482 New Effects in the IRAS Data and their Consequences for Coronae of Active Late-Type Dwarfs....Pages 483-487 Stellar Flares....Pages 489-494 An Extended Correlation Between the Balmer and Soft X-Ray Emission from Solar and Stellar Flares....Pages 495-495 Energetics and Distribution of Gamma Ray Bursts and Flares on Stars....Pages 497-500 Observational Evidence for Galactic Origin of Cosmic Rays Above 10 19 eV and Reconnection on Galactic Scales....Pages 501-504 Prisma: Probing Stars from Core to Corona....Pages 505-508 Back Matter....Pages 509-511 Front Matter....Pages 513-513 Coronal Heating Mechanisms....Pages 515-532 Chromospheric Heating....Pages 533-540 Solar and Stellar Dynamos....Pages 541-547 Mass Loss and X-Ray Emission from Giants and Supergiants....Pages 549-561 Back Matter....Pages 633-639 Front Matter....Pages 513-513 Radiation Driven Winds and X-Ray Emission from O Stars....Pages 563-571 Magnetic Accretion Disks and Coronae in Active Galactic Nuclei....Pages 573-577 Magnetic Fields and CoronÆ in Late-Type Stars....Pages 579-582 Resonant Heating of Line-Tied Coronal Loops....Pages 583-586 On the Heating Mechanism of Coronal Holes....Pages 587-590 The Coronal Energy Balance in Active Regions: Theoretical Aspects....Pages 591-594 Thermal Transport in Static Stellar Coronal Loops....Pages 595-598 Scaling Laws for the Decay Phase of Stellar Loop Flares....Pages 599-602 Magnetic Reconnection and Particle Acceleration in the Solar Corona....Pages 603-606 Depth of Formation and Excitation by Electron Impact for He I Lines in the Atmosphere of Solar Type Stars....Pages 607-610 Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection in a Coronal Neutral Sheet....Pages 611-614 Outflow Focusing in Rotating Stellar Magnetospheres....Pages 615-622 Steady MHD Flows in Uniform Gravity....Pages 623-627 MHD Equilibria in Uniform Gravity....Pages 629-632 Back Matter....Pages 633-639 Back Matter....Pages 641-650 The Physics of Solar and Stellar Coronae provides the first comprehensive summary of the physical processes and phenomena occurring in solar and stellar coronae as observed at X-ray and other wavelengths. The book provides an early summary of the spectacular new solar X-ray observations being obtained with the Yohkoh satellite that are dramatically changing our understanding of the dynamics of the solar corona. With the perspective of two years' observations at X-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths by the ROSAT satellite, many authors present new insights into the basic physical processes occurring in the coronae of stars across the Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram including both pre-main sequence and post-main sequence stars. Detailed models for the hot plasmas typically contained in magnetic loops in both stellar and solar coronae are presented to explain X-ray data obtained with the earlier X-ray instruments on Skylab, SMM, Einstein, and EXOSAT. The book includes papers on coronal observations obtained at other wavelengths and papers of the history of Palermo Astronomical Observatory. The Physics of Solar and Stellar Coronae is intended for researchers in the fields of solar physics and stellar astrophysics and will be a useful resource book for graduate level astrophysics courses. (ABSTRACT) This is the first comprehensive summary of the physical processes and phenomena occurring in solar and stellar coronae. Spectacular new solar X-ray observations by the Yohkoh satellite and stellar observations by ROSAT are highlighted, together with theoretical papers and detailed analyses of earlier data from Skylab, SMM, Einstein, and EXOSAT. Included are papers on coronal observations at other wavelengths and on the history of Palermo Astronomical Observatory.