Physics 5th Edition

Intended for algebra-based introductory physics courses. An accessible, problem-solving approach to physics, grounded in real-world applications James Walker’s Physics provides students with a solid conceptual understanding of physics that can be expressed quantitatively and applied to the world around them. Instructors and students praise Walker’s Physics for its friendly voice, the author’s talent for making complex concepts understandable, an inviting art program, and the range of excellent homework problems and example-types that provide guidance with problem solving. The Fifth Edition includes new “just-in-time” learning aids such as “Big Ideas” to quickly orient students to the overarching principles of each chapter, new Real-World Physics and Biological applications, and a wealth of problem-solving support features to coach students through the process of applying logic and reasoning to problem solving. This text is also available in two volumes, which can be purchased separately: Physics , Fifth Edition, Volume 1 ( includes Chapters 1―18) ISBN: 9780134031248 Physics, Fifth Edition, Volume 2 (includes Chapters 19-32) ISBN: 9780134031255 Also Available with MasteringPhysics MasteringPhysics from Pearson is the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging students before, during, and after class with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content before class and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning Catalytics. Students can further master concepts after class through traditional and adaptive homework assignments that provide hints and answer-specific feedback. The Mastering gradebook records scores for all automatically graded assignments in one place, while diagnostic tools give instructors access to rich data to assess student understanding and misconceptions. Mastering brings learning full circle by continuously adapting to each student and making learning more personal than ever―before, during, and after class. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringPhysics does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MasteringPhysics, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringPhysics, search for: 0321993764 / 9780321993762 Physics Plus MasteringPhysics with eText -- Access Card Package, 5/e Package consists of: 0321976444 / 9780321976444 Physics, 5/e 0321980395 / 9780321980397 MasteringPhysics with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Physics, 5/e Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Author Brief Contents An Accessible, Problem-Solving Approach to Physics, Grounded in Real-World Applications Ample “Just in Time” Learning Aids Help Students Where they Need it, When they Need it Thorough Problem-Solving Instruction and Multiple Opportunities for Practice Personalize Learning with Masteringphysics® After Class Applications in the Text Preface: To the Instructor Reviewers Preface: To the Student Contents 1. Introduction to Physics 1-1. Physics and the Laws of Nature 1-2. Units of Length, Mass, and Time 1-3. Dimensional Analysis 1-4. Significant Figures, Scientific Notation, and Round-Off Error 1-5. Converting Units 1-6. Order-of-Magnitude Calculations 1-7. Scalars and Vectors 1-8. Problem Solving in Physics Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 2. One-Dimensional Kinematics 2-1. Position, Distance, and Displacement 2-2. Average Speed and Velocity 2-3. Instantaneous Velocity 2-4. Acceleration 2-5. Motion with Constant Acceleration 2-6. Applications of the Equations of Motion 2-7. Freely Falling Objects Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 3. Vectors in Physics 3-1. Scalars Versus Vectors 3-2. The Components of a Vector 3-3. Adding and Subtracting Vectors 3-4. Unit Vectors 3-5. Position, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors 3-6. Relative Motion Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 4. Two-Dimensional Kinematics 4-1. Motion in Two Dimensions 4-2. Projectile Motion: Basic Equations 4-3. Zero Launch Angle 4-4. General Launch Angle 4-5. Projectile Motion: Key Characteristics Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 5. Newton’s Laws of Motion 5-1. Force and Mass 5-2. Newton’s First Law of Motion 5-3. Newton’s Second Law of Motion 5-4. Newton’s Third Law of Motion 5-5. The Vector Nature of Forces: Forces in Two Dimensions 5-6. Weight 5-7. Normal Forces Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 6. Applications of Newton’s Laws 6-1. Frictional Forces 6-2. Strings and Springs 6-3. Translational Equilibrium 6-4. Connected Objects 6-5. Circular Motion Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 7. Work and Kinetic Energy 7-1. Work Done by a Constant Force 7-2. Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem 7-3. Work Done by a Variable Force 7-4. Power Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 8. Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy 8-1. Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 8-2. Potential Energy and the Work Done by Conservative Forces 8-3. Conservation of Mechanical Energy 8-4. Work Done by Nonconservative Forces 8-5. Potential Energy Curves and Equipotentials Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 9. Linear Momentum and Collisions 9-1. Linear Momentum 9-2. Momentum and Newton’s Second Law 9-3. Impulse 9-4. Conservation of Linear Momentum 9-5. Inelastic Collisions 9-6. Elastic Collisions 9-7. Center of Mass 9-8. Systems with Changing Mass: Rocket Propulsion Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 10. Rotational Kinematics and Energy 10-1. Angular Position, Velocity, and Acceleration 10-2. Rotational Kinematics 10-3. Connections Between Linear and Rotational Quantities 10-4. Rolling Motion 10-5. Rotational Kinetic Energy and the Moment of Inertia 10-6. Conservation of Energy Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 11. Rotational Dynamics and Static Equilibrium 11-1. Torque 11-2. Torque and Angular Acceleration 11-3. Zero Torque and Static Equilibrium 11-4. Center of Mass and Balance 11-5. Dynamic Applications of Torque 11-6. Angular Momentum 11-7. Conservation of Angular Momentum 11-8. Rotational Work and Power 11-9. The Vector Nature of Rotational Motion Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 12. Gravity 12-1. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 12-2. Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies 12-3. Kepler’s Laws of Orbital Motion 12-4. Gravitational Potential Energy 12-5. Energy Conservation 12-6. Tides Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 13. Oscillations about Equilibrium 13-1. Periodic Motion 13-2. Simple Harmonic Motion 13-3. Connections Between Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion 13-4. The Period of a Mass on a Spring 13-5. Energy Conservation in Oscillatory Motion 13-6. The Pendulum 13-7. Damped Oscillations 13-8. Driven Oscillations and Resonance Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 14. Waves and Sound 14-1. Types of Waves 14-2. Waves on a String 14-3. Harmonic Wave Functions 14-4. Sound Waves 14-5. Sound Intensity 14-6. The Doppler Effect 14-7. Superposition and Interference 14-8. Standing Waves 14-9. Beats Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 15. Fluids 15-1. Density 15-2. Pressure 15-3. Static Equilibrium in Fluids: Pressure and Depth 15-4. Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy 15-5. Applications of Archimedes’ Principle 15-6. Fluid Flow and Continuity 15-7. Bernoulli’s Equation 15-8. Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation 15-9. Viscosity and Surface Tension Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 16. Temperature and Heat 16-1. Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 16-2. Temperature Scales 16-3. Thermal Expansion 16-4. Heat and Mechanical Work 16-5. Specific Heats 16-6. Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 17. Phases and Phase Changes 17-1. Ideal Gases 17-2. The Kinetic Theory of Gases 17-3. Solids and Elastic Deformation 17-4. Phase Equilibrium and Evaporation 17-5. Latent Heats 17-6. Phase Changes and Energy Conservation Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 18. The Laws of Thermodynamics 18-1. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 18-2. The First Law of Thermodynamics 18-3. Thermal Processes 18-4. Specific Heats for an Ideal Gas: Constant Pressure, Constant Volume 18-5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 18-6. Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle 18-7. Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps 18-8. Entropy 18-9. Order, Disorder, and Entropy 18-10. The Third Law of Thermodynamics Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 19. Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields 19-1. Electric Charge 19-2. Insulators and Conductors 19-3. Coulomb’s Law 19-4. The Electric Field 19-5. Electric Field Lines 19-6. Shielding and Charging by Induction 19-7. Electric Flux and Gauss’s Law Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 20. Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy 20-1. Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential 20-2. Energy Conservation 20-3. The Electric Potential of Point Charges 20-4. Equipotential Surfaces and the Electric Field 20-5. Capacitors and Dielectrics 20-6. Electrical Energy Storage Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 21. Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits 21-1. Electric Current 21-2. Resistance and Ohm’s Law 21-3. Energy and Power in Electric Circuits 21-4. Resistors in Series and Parallel 21-5. Kirchhoff’s Rules 21-6. Circuits Containing Capacitors 21-7. RC Circuits 21-8. Ammeters and Voltmeters Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 22. Magnetism 22-1. The Magnetic Field 22-2. The Magnetic Force on Moving Charges 22-3. The Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field 22-4. The Magnetic Force Exerted on a Current-Carrying Wire 22-5. Loops of Current and Magnetic Torque 22-6. Electric Currents, Magnetic Fields, and Ampère’s Law 22-7. Current Loops and Solenoids 22-8. Magnetism in Matter Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 23. Magnetic Flux and Faraday’s Law of Induction 23-1. Induced Electromotive Force 23-2. Magnetic Flux 23-3. Faraday’s Law of Induction 23-4. Lenz’s Law 23-5. Mechanical Work and Electrical Energy 23-6. Generators and Motors 23-7. Inductance 23-8. RL Circuits 23-9. Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field 23-10. Transformers Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 24. Alternating-Current Circuits 24-1. Alternating Voltages and Currents 24-2. Capacitors in ac Circuits 24-3. RC Circuits 24-4. Inductors in ac Circuits 24-5. RLC Circuits 24-6. Resonance in Electric Circuits Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 25. Electromagnetic Waves 25-1. The Production of Electromagnetic Waves 25-2. The Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves 25-3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 25-4. Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves 25-5. Polarization Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 26. Geometrical Optics 26-1. The Reflection of Light 26-2. Forming Images with a Plane Mirror 26-3. Spherical Mirrors 26-4. Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation 26-5. The Refraction of Light 26-6. Ray Tracing for Lenses 26-7. The Thin-Lens Equation 26-8. Dispersion and the Rainbow Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 27. Optical Instruments 27-1. The Human Eye and the Camera 27-2. Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics 27-3. The Magnifying Glass 27-4. The Compound Microscope 27-5. Telescopes 27-6. Lens Aberrations Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 28. Physical Optics: Interference and Diffraction 28-1. Superposition and Interference 28-2. Young’s Two-Slit Experiment 28-3. Interference in Reflected Waves 28-4. Diffraction 28-5. Resolution 28-6. Diffraction Gratings Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 29. Relativity 29-1. The Postulates of Special Relativity 29-2. The Relativity of Time and Time Dilation 29-3. The Relativity of Length and Length Contraction 29-4. The Relativistic Addition of Velocities 29-5. Relativistic Momentum 29-6. Relativistic Energy and E = mc2 29-7. The Relativistic Universe 29-8. General Relativity Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 30. Quantum Physics 30-1. Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis of Quantized Energy 30-2. Photons and the Photoelectric Effect 30-3. The Mass and Momentum of a Photon 30-4. Photon Scattering and the Compton Effect 30-5. The de Broglie Hypothesis and Wave–Particle Duality 30-6. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 30-7. Quantum Tunneling Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 31. Atomic Physics 31-1. Early Models of the Atom 31-2. The Spectrum of Atomic Hydrogen 31-3. Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom 31-4. de Broglie Waves and the Bohr Model 31-5. The Quantum Mechanical Hydrogen Atom 31-6. Multielectron Atoms and the Periodic Table 31-7. Atomic Radiation Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises 32. Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Radiation 32-1. The Constituents and Structure of Nuclei 32-2. Radioactivity 32-3. Half-Life and Radioactive Dating 32-4. Nuclear Binding Energy 32-5. Nuclear Fission 32-6. Nuclear Fusion 32-7. Practical Applications of Nuclear Physics 32-8. Elementary Particles 32-9. Unified Forces and Cosmology Chapter Summary Conceptual Questions Problems and Conceptual Exercises Appendix A: Basic Mathematical Tools Appendix B: Typical Values Appendix C: Planetary Data Appendix D: Elements of Electrical Circuits Appendix E: Periodic Table of the Elements Appendix F: Properties of Selected Isotopes Answers to Odd-Numbered End-of-Chapter Questions Answers to Odd-Numbered Conceptual Questions Credits Index