Physics 2: HSC Course, Third Edition

The Third Edition Of Physics 2 Hsc Course Has Been Revised And Updated To Meet All The Requirements Of The Amended Stage 6 Physics Syllabus For Year 12 Students In New South Wales. Written By A Team Of Experienced Physics Teachers, This Text Offers A Complete Resource With Coverage Of The Core Modules As Well As Three Option Modules: Quanta To Quarks, Astrophysics And Medical Physics. An Additional Option Topic, The Age Of Silicon, Is Available Online. Key Features ? Full Colour, High Quality Illustrations That Enhance Students' Understanding Of Physics Concepts ? Clearly Written Explanations And Sample Problems ? Key Terms Highlighted And Defined Within Chapters And In A Complete Glossary ? Interest Boxes Focusing On Up-to-date Information, Current Research, Issues And Developments ? Practical Activities At The End Of Each Chapter To Support The Syllabus Investigations ? Chapter Reviews That Provide A Range Of Problem-solving And Descriptive Questions Physics 2 Hsc Course 3e & Ebookplus Is A Hard Copy Of The Student Text, Accompanied By Ebookplus - An Electronic Version Of The Student Textbook As Well As A Complementary Set Of Targeted Digital Resources. These Flexible And Engaging Ict Activities Are Available To You Online At The Jacarandaplus Website (www.jacplus.com.au). > Ebookplus Resources Include: ? Access From Any Digital Device Pc/mac/ipad/android Tablet. ? Worksheets - Word Documents Designed For Easy Customisation And Editing. ? Interactivities And Games To Reinforce And Enhance Student Learning. ? Elessons - Engaging Video Clips And Supporting Material. ? Weblinks To Relevant Support Material On The Internet. ? Projectsplus - Unique Ict-based Projects That Provide Opportunities For Students To Demonstrate Creativity, Thinking Skills And Teamwork. Physics 2 HSC Course Third Edition......Page 1 CONTENTS......Page 3 PREFACE......Page 8 About eBookPLUS......Page 9 SYLLABUS GRID......Page 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 16 HSC CORE MODULE SPACE......Page 17 Key content......Page 18 1.1 THE EARTH’S GRAVITY......Page 19 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.1......Page 21 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.2......Page 22 1.3 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY......Page 23 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.3......Page 24 QUESTIONS......Page 26 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 1.1 USING A PENDULUM TO DETERMINE g......Page 27 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 1.2 WEIGHT VALUES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND g......Page 28 Key content......Page 29 2.1 PROJECTILE MOTION......Page 30 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.1......Page 32 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.3......Page 34 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.4......Page 35 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.5b......Page 36 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.6a......Page 37 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.6c......Page 38 2.2 ESCAPE VELOCITY......Page 39 2.3 LIFT-OFF......Page 40 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 42 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.8......Page 43 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2.9......Page 45 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 48 QUESTIONS......Page 49 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 2.1 MODELLING PROJECTILE MOTION......Page 51 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 2.2 ACCELERATION AND LOAD DURING THE APOLLO 10 LAUNCH......Page 52 Key content......Page 54 3.1 IN ORBIT......Page 55 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.1......Page 56 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.2......Page 57 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.3......Page 58 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.5......Page 59 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.6......Page 60 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 65 3.2 RE-ENTRY......Page 66 PHYSICS FACT......Page 70 QUESTIONS......Page 72 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 3.1 INVESTIGATING CIRCULARMOTION......Page 74 Key content......Page 76 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4.1......Page 77 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4.2......Page 78 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4.3......Page 79 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4.5......Page 80 4.2 GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS......Page 81 4.3 THE SLINGSHOT EFFECT......Page 82 QUESTIONS......Page 86 Key content......Page 87 5.1 THE AETHER MODEL......Page 88 5.2 SPECIAL RELATIVITY......Page 90 5.3 CONSEQUENCES OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY......Page 93 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.2......Page 97 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.4......Page 100 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 101 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.6......Page 104 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.8......Page 105 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.9......Page 108 QUESTIONS......Page 109 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 5.1 MODELLING THE MICHELSON–MORLEY EXPERIMENT......Page 112 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 5.2 NON-INERTIAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE......Page 113 HSC CORE MODULE MOTORS AND GENERATORS......Page 115 Key content......Page 116 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 117 6.1 THE MOTOR EFFECT......Page 119 6.2 FORCES BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CONDUCTORS......Page 121 6.3 TORQUE......Page 123 SAMPLE PROBLEM 6.4......Page 124 6.4 DC ELECTRIC MOTORS......Page 125 PHYSICS FACT......Page 129 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 130 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 131 QUESTIONS......Page 132 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 6.2 THE FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTORS......Page 136 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 6.3 A MODELDC MOTOR......Page 137 Key content......Page 138 PHYSICS FACT......Page 139 7.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION......Page 142 PHYSICS FACT......Page 143 7.4 LENZ’S LAW......Page 144 SAMPLE PROBLEM 7.1......Page 145 SAMPLE PROBLEM 7.2......Page 146 7.5 EDDY CURRENTS......Page 147 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 148 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 149 QUESTIONS......Page 150 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 7.2 LINKING COILS......Page 153 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 7.3 THE DIRECTION OF INDUCED CURRENTS......Page 154 Key content......Page 155 8.1 GENERATORS......Page 156 SAMPLE PROBLEM 8.1......Page 160 8.2 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING STATIONS......Page 162 PHYSICS FACT......Page 163 8.3 TRANSFORMERS......Page 164 SAMPLE PROBLEM 8.2......Page 166 8.4 POWER DISTRIBUTION......Page 167 SAMPLE PROBLEM 8.3......Page 168 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 170 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 171 8.5 ELECTRICITY AND SOCIETY......Page 172 QUESTIONS......Page 173 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 8.2 MAKING A SIMPLE TRANSFORMER......Page 176 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 8.3 TRANSFORMER INS AND OUTS......Page 177 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 8.4 TRANSMISSION LINE POWER LOSSES......Page 178 Key content......Page 179 9.1 MAIN FEATURES OF AN AC MOTOR......Page 180 9.2 ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS AND TRANSFERS......Page 185 QUESTIONS......Page 187 9.1 DEMONSTRATING THE PRINCIPLE OF AN AC INDUCTION MOTOR......Page 188 HSC CORE MODULE FROM IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION......Page 189 CHAPTER 10 CATHODE RAYS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION......Page 190 10.1 THE DISCOVERY OF CATHODE RAYS......Page 191 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 192 10.2 EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FIELDS ON CATHODE RAYS......Page 193 SAMPLE PROBLEM 10. 2......Page 194 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 195 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 196 SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.4......Page 197 SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.5......Page 198 PHYSICS FACT......Page 199 10.5 CATHODE RAYS — WAVES OR PARTICLES?......Page 200 PHYSICS FACT......Page 201 10.6 APPLICATIONS OF CATHODE RAYS......Page 202 QUESTIONS......Page 205 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 10.1 DISCHARGE TUBES......Page 207 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 10.2 PROPERTIES OFCATHODE RAYS......Page 208 Key content......Page 209 11.1 MAXWELL’S THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES......Page 210 11.2 HEINRICH HERTZ AND EXPERIMENTS WITH RADIO WAVES......Page 212 11.3 THE BLACK BODY PROBLEM AND THE ULTRAVIOLET CATASTROPHE......Page 215 SAMPLE PROBLEM 11.1......Page 217 11.5 THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT......Page 218 PHYSICS FACT......Page 222 QUESTIONS......Page 225 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 11.1 PRODUCING AND TRANSMITTING RADIO WAVES......Page 227 Key content......Page 228 12.1 CONDUCTORS, INSULATORS AND SEMICONDUCTORS......Page 229 PHYSICS FACT......Page 231 12.2 BAND STRUCTURES IN SEMICONDUCTORS......Page 232 12.3 DOPING AND BAND STRUCTURE......Page 235 12.4 THERMIONIC DEVICES......Page 236 PHYSICS FACT......Page 237 12.5 SOLID STATE DEVICES......Page 238 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 239 12.6 THERMIONIC VERSUS SOLID STATE DEVICES......Page 240 12.7 INVENTION OF THE TRANSISTOR......Page 241 12.8 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS......Page 243 PHYSICS FACT......Page 244 QUESTIONS......Page 246 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 12.2 INVENTION OF THE TRANSISTOR......Page 247 Key content......Page 248 13.1 INTERFERENCE......Page 249 13.3 X-RAY DIFFRACTION......Page 251 13.4 BRAGG’S EXPERIMENT......Page 254 13.5 THE CRYSTAL LATTICE STRUCTURE OF METALS......Page 255 13.6 SUPER CONDUCTIVITY......Page 256 13.7 HOW IS SUPER CONDUCTIVITY EXPLAINED?......Page 259 QUESTIONS......Page 267 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 13.2 LEVITATION AND THE MEISSNER EFFECT......Page 269 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 13.3 RESISTANCE AND SUPER CONDUCTORS......Page 270 HSC OPTION MODULE ASTROPHYSICS......Page 271 Key content......Page 272 14.1 GALILEO’S TELESCOPES......Page 273 14.2 ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM......Page 274 14.3 TELESCOPES......Page 277 SAMPLE PROBLEM 14.1......Page 278 SAMPLE PROBLEM 14.4......Page 279 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 280 14.5 MODERN METHODS TO IMPROVE TELESCOPE PERFORMANCE......Page 281 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 282 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 284 QUESTIONS......Page 286 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 14.2 THE AUSTRALIAN TELESCOPE COMPACT ARRAY......Page 288 Key content......Page 290 15.1 ASTROMETRY......Page 291 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15.1......Page 293 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 294 15.2 SPECTROSCOPY......Page 295 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 296 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 297 PHYSICS FACT......Page 302 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 303 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 304 PHYSICS FACT......Page 305 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15.3......Page 307 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15.4......Page 308 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15.5......Page 309 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15.7......Page 310 PHYSICS FACT......Page 312 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15.8......Page 313 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 314 QUESTIONS......Page 315 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 15.2 ANNUAL PARALLAX PRECISION......Page 318 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 15.4 COLOUR FILTERS......Page 319 Key content......Page 321 16.1 BINARIES......Page 322 SAMPLE PROBLEM 16.2......Page 324 PHYSICS FACT......Page 326 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 327 16.2 VARIABLES......Page 328 PHYSICS FACT......Page 329 PHYSICS FACT......Page 331 QUESTIONS......Page 332 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 16.1 ECLIPSING BINARIES......Page 334 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 16.2 SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES......Page 335 Key content......Page 336 17.1 STAR BIRTH......Page 337 17.2 MAIN SEQUENCE STAR LIFE......Page 340 17.3 STAR LIFE AFTER THE MAIN SEQUENCE......Page 343 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 345 17.4 STAR DEATH......Page 348 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 350 QUESTIONS......Page 352 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 17.1 RESEARCHING STELLAR OBJECTS......Page 354 HSC OPTION MODULE MEDICAL PHYSICS......Page 355 Key content......Page 356 18.1 WHAT TYPE OF SOUND IS ULTRASOUND?......Page 357 18.2 USING ULTRASOUND TO DETECT STRUCTURE INSIDE THE BODY......Page 359 SAMPLE PROBLEM 18.1......Page 361 SAMPLE PROBLEM 18.2......Page 362 18.3 PRODUCING AND DETECTING ULTRASOUND: THE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT......Page 363 18.4 GATHERING AND USING INFORMATION IN AN ULTRASOUND SCAN......Page 364 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 367 18.5 USING ULTRASOUND TO EXAMINE BLOOD FLOW......Page 368 QUESTIONS......Page 374 Key content......Page 377 PHYSICS FACT......Page 378 PHYSICS FACT......Page 381 19.2 CT SCANS IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 384 PHYSICS FACT......Page 385 PHYSICS FACT......Page 386 PHYSICS FACT......Page 389 QUESTIONS......Page 394 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 19.1 TRANSFER OF LIGHT BY OPTIC FIBRES......Page 396 Key content......Page 397 20.1 RADIOACTIVITY AND THE USE OF RADIOISOTOPES......Page 398 PHYSICS FACT......Page 400 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 401 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 402 20.2 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)......Page 408 20.3 IMAGING METHODS WORKING TOGETHER......Page 410 PHYSICS FACT......Page 411 QUESTIONS......Page 412 Key content......Page 414 21.1 THE PATIENT AND THE IMAGE USING MRI......Page 415 PHYSICS FACT......Page 417 21.2 THE MRI MACHINE: EFFECT ON ATOMS IN THE PATIENT......Page 418 PHYSICS FACT......Page 419 SAMPLE PROBLEM 21.1......Page 421 SAMPLE PROBLEM 21.2......Page 422 21.3 MEDICAL USES OF MRI......Page 426 PHYSICS FACT......Page 427 21.4 COMPARISON OF THE MAIN IMAGING TECHNIQUES......Page 428 QUESTIONS......Page 431 HSC OPTION MODULE FROM QUANTA TO QUARKS......Page 433 Key content......Page 434 22.1 THE RUTHERFORD MODEL OF THE ATOM......Page 435 PHYSICS FACT......Page 436 PHYSICS FACT......Page 437 PHYSICS FACT......Page 438 22.2 BOHR’S MODEL OF THE ATOM......Page 439 PHYSICS FACT......Page 440 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 441 22.3 BOHR’S POSTULATES......Page 443 22.4 MATHEMATICS OF THE RUTHERFORD AND BOHR MODELS......Page 445 SAMPLE PROBLEM 22.2......Page 447 SAMPLE PROBLEM 22.3......Page 449 22.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM......Page 450 QUESTIONS......Page 451 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 22.1 THE SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN......Page 453 Key content......Page 456 23.1 DIFFRACTION......Page 457 23.2 STEPS TOWARDS A COMPLETE QUANTUM THEORY MODEL OF THE ATOM......Page 460 SAMPLE PROBLEM 23.1......Page 461 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 465 QUESTIONS......Page 468 Key content......Page 469 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 470 PHYSICS FACT......Page 472 SAMPLE PROBLEM 24.1......Page 473 PHYSICS FACT......Page 474 PHYSICS FACT......Page 476 24.3 DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRINO......Page 477 PHYSICS FACT......Page 478 PHYSICS FACT......Page 480 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 481 24.4 THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE......Page 482 24.5 MASS DEFECT AND BINDING ENERGY OF THE NUCLEUS......Page 484 SAMPLE PROBLEM 24.2......Page 486 SAMPLE PROBLEM 24.3......Page 487 QUESTIONS......Page 488 Key content......Page 490 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 491 25.2 THE DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION......Page 492 PHYSICS FACT......Page 493 PHYSICS FACT......Page 496 25.4 NUCLEAR FISSION REACTORS......Page 500 PHYSICS FACT......Page 502 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 504 25.5 MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES......Page 505 25.6 NEUTRON SCATTERING......Page 508 QUESTIONS......Page 509 Key content......Page 511 26.1 INSTRUMENTS USED BY PARTICLE PHYSICISTS......Page 512 PHYSICS FACT......Page 513 26.2 THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS......Page 519 PHYSICS FACT......Page 520 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 525 PHYSICS IN FOCUS......Page 526 PHYSICS FACT......Page 528 QUESTIONS......Page 532 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 26.1 CLOUD CHAMBERS......Page 534 GLOSSARY......Page 537 APPENDIX 1: Formulae and data sheet......Page 542 APPENDIX 2: Periodic table......Page 544 APPENDIX 3: Key words for examination questions......Page 545 ANSWERS TO NUMERICAL QUESTIONS......Page 547 INDEX......Page 552