Physeo Physiology

MEDICAL COURSE AND STEP 1 REVIEW FIRST EDITION Accompanies online videos taught by Rhett Thomson & Michael Christensen. physeo.com GENERAL PRINCIPLES ......................................................................................................1 Section I - Cell Transport .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Section II - Signaling Pathways .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Section III - Receptors .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Section IV - Gradients and Action Potentials ............................................................................................................................. 13 CARDIOLOGY .....................................................................................................................15 Section I - Introduction to Cardiology ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Section II - Cardiology Equations ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Section III - Electrophysiology ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Section IV - Pressure-Volume Loops and Cardiac Cycle ........................................................................................................... 30 Section V - Heart Pressures ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Section VI - Starling Curve and Cardiac/Vascular Function Curves .......................................................................................... 36 Section VII - Cardiac Pressure Tracings ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Section VIII - Baroreflex and Cardiovascular Changes.............................................................................................................. 42 Section IX - Heart Sounds and Murmurs .................................................................................................................................... 47 PULMONOLOGY ................................................................................................................52 Section I - Introduction to Pulmonology .................................................................................................................................... 52 Section II - Lung Volumes .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Section III - Pulmonology Equations .......................................................................................................................................... 61 Section IV - Breathing Mechanics .............................................................................................................................................. 67 Section V - Gas Exchange .......................................................................................................................................................... 71 Section VI - V/Q Mismatch and Integrated Respiration ............................................................................................................. 77 NEPHROLOGY ....................................................................................................................81 Section I - Introduction to Nephrology ....................................................................................................................................... 81 Section II - Nephrology Equations ............................................................................................................................................. 85 Section III - The Nephron ........................................................................................................................................................... 91 Section IV - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System .............................................................................................................. 103 Section V - Acid-Base ............................................................................................................................................................... 106 GASTROENTEROLOGY ................................................................................................. 113 Section I - Gastrointestinal Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 113 Section II - Exocrine Pancreas and Metabolism....................................................................................................................... 117 Section III - Liver and Bilirubin Metabolism ........................................................................................................................... 122 Section IV - Gallbladder ........................................................................................................................................................... 127 Section V - GI Hormones .......................................................................................................................................................... 129 Section VI - Satiety and Hunger ............................................................................................................................................... 133 ENDOCRINOLOGY ..........................................................................................................134 Section I - Introduction to Endocrinology ................................................................................................................................ 134 Section II - The Pituitary Gland ................................................................................................................................................ 137 Section III - The Thyroid Gland ............................................................................................................................................... 141 Section IV - Calcium Homeostasis ........................................................................................................................................... 145 Section V - Insulin and Glucagon ............................................................................................................................................. 148 Section VI - Diabetes ................................................................................................................................................................ 151 Section VII - The Kidneys, Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex........................................................................................... 153REPRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................159 Section I - Male Anatomy Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 159 Section II - Androgens .............................................................................................................................................................. 164 Section III - Menstrual Cycle and Oogenesis ........................................................................................................................... 166 Section IV - Pregnancy ............................................................................................................................................................. 172 Section V - Integrated Female Physiology ............................................................................................................................... 177 NEUROLOGY ....................................................................................................................179 Section I - Cerebral Hemispheres ............................................................................................................................................. 179 Section II - Spinal Cord, Spinal Tracts, and UMN and LMN ................................................................................................... 185 Section III - Cranial Nerves ...................................................................................................................................................... 192 Section IV - Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Limbic System.................................................................................................... 201 Section V - Cerebellum............................................................................................................................................................. 203 Section VI - Basal Ganglia and Dopaminergic Pathways ......................................................................................................... 207 Section VII - Audiology and the Vestibular System ................................................................................................................. 210 Section VIII - Ophthalmology .................................................................................................................................................. 215 Section IX - Neurovasculature .................................................................................................................................................. 223 Section X - Ventricular System ................................................................................................................................................. 231 Section XI - Aphasia ................................................................................................................................................................. 234 Section XII - Dermatomes, Myotomes, and Clinical Reflexes................................................................................................. 236 MUSCULOSKELETAL .....................................................................................................240 Section I - Neurotransmission .................................................................................................................................................. 240 Section II - Muscle Anatomy and Contraction ......................................................................................................................... 243 Section III - Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts.................................................................................................................................. 249 Section IV - Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification................................................................................................ 251 Section V - Skin ........................................................................................................................................................................ 253