PHP Notes for Professionals book

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All trademarks belong to their respective company owners 481 pages, published on June 2018 Content list About Chapter 1: Getting started with PHP Section 1.1: HTML output from web server Section 1.2: Hello, World! Section 1.3: Non-HTML output from web server Section 1.4: PHP built-in server Section 1.5: PHP CLI Section 1.6: Instruction Separation Section 1.7: PHP Tags Chapter 2: Variables Section 2.1: Accessing A Variable Dynamically By Name (Variable variables) Section 2.2: Data Types Section 2.3: Global variable best practices Section 2.4: Default values of uninitialized variables Section 2.5: Variable Value Truthiness and Identical Operator Chapter 3: Variable Scope Section 3.1: Superglobal variables Section 3.2: Static properties and variables Section 3.3: User-defined global variables Chapter 4: Superglobal Variables PHP Section 4.1: Suberglobals explained Section 4.2: PHP5 SuperGlobals Chapter 5: Outputting the Value of a Variable Section 5.1: echo and print Section 5.2: Outputting a structured view of arrays and objects Section 5.3: String concatenation with echo Section 5.4: printf vs sprintf Section 5.5: Outputting large integers Section 5.6: Output a Multidimensional Array with index and value and print into the table Chapter 6: Constants Section 6.1: Defining constants Section 6.2: Class Constants Section 6.3: Checking if constant is defined Section 6.4: Using constants Section 6.5: Constant arrays Chapter 7: Magic Constants Section 7.1: Dierence between __FUNCTION__ and __METHOD__ Section 7.2: Dierence between __CLASS__, get_class() and get_called_class() Section 7.3: File & Directory Constants Chapter 8: Comments Section 8.1: Single Line Comments Section 8.2: Multi Line Comments Chapter 9: Types Section 9.1: Type Comparison Section 9.2: Boolean Section 9.3: Float Section 9.4: Strings Section 9.5: Callable Section 9.6: Resources Section 9.7: Type Casting Section 9.8: Type Juggling Section 9.9: Null Section 9.10: Integers Chapter 10: Operators Section 10.1: Null Coalescing Operator (??) Section 10.2: Spaceship Operator ( ) Section 10.3: Execution Operator (``) Section 10.4: Incrementing (++) and Decrementing Operators (--) Section 10.5: Ternary Operator (?:) Section 10.6: Logical Operators (&&/AND and ||/OR) Section 10.7: String Operators (. and .=) Section 10.8: Object and Class Operators Section 10.9: Combined Assignment (+= etc) Section 10.10: Altering operator precedence (with parentheses) Section 10.11: Basic Assignment (=) Section 10.12: Association Section 10.13: Comparison Operators Section 10.14: Bitwise Operators Section 10.15: instanceof (type operator) Chapter 11: References Section 11.1: Assign by Reference Section 11.2: Return by Reference Section 11.3: Pass by Reference Chapter 12: Arrays Section 12.1: Initializing an Array Section 12.2: Check if key exists Section 12.3: Validating the array type Section 12.4: Creating an array of variables Section 12.5: Checking if a value exists in array Section 12.6: ArrayAccess and Iterator Interfaces Chapter 13: Array iteration Section 13.1: Iterating multiple arrays together Section 13.2: Using an incremental index Section 13.3: Using internal array pointers Section 13.4: Using foreach Section 13.5: Using ArrayObject Iterator Chapter 14: Executing Upon an Array Section 14.1: Applying a function to each element of an array Section 14.2: Split array into chunks Section 14.3: Imploding an array into string Section 14.4: "Destructuring" arrays using list() Section 14.5: array_reduce Section 14.6: Push a Value on an Array Chapter 15: Manipulating an Array Section 15.1: Filtering an array Section 15.2: Removing elements from an array Section 15.3: Sorting an Array Section 15.4: Whitelist only some array keys Section 15.5: Adding element to start of array Section 15.6: Exchange values with keys Section 15.7: Merge two arrays into one array Chapter 16: Processing Multiple Arrays Together Section 16.1: Array intersection Section 16.2: Merge or concatenate arrays Section 16.3: Changing a multidimensional array to associative array Section 16.4: Combining two arrays (keys from one, values from another) Chapter 17: Datetime Class Section 17.1: Create Immutable version of DateTime from Mutable prior PHP 5.6 Section 17.2: Add or Subtract Date Intervals Section 17.3: getTimestamp Section 17.4: setDate Section 17.5: Create DateTime from custom format Section 17.6: Printing DateTimes Chapter 18: Working with Dates and Time Section 18.1: Getting the dierence between two dates / times Section 18.2: Convert a date into another format Section 18.3: Parse English date descriptions into a Date format Section 18.4: Using Predefined Constants for Date Format Chapter 19: Control Structures Section 19.1: if else Section 19.2: Alternative syntax for control structures Section 19.3: while Section 19.4: do-while Section 19.5: goto Section 19.6: declare Section 19.7: include & require Section 19.8: return Section 19.9: for Section 19.10: foreach Section 19.11: if elseif else Section 19.12: if Section 19.13: switch Chapter 20: Loops Section 20.1: continue Section 20.2: break Section 20.3: foreach Section 20.4: do...while Section 20.5: for Section 20.6: while Chapter 21: Functions Section 21.1: Variable-length argument lists Section 21.2: Optional Parameters Section 21.3: Passing Arguments by Reference Section 21.4: Basic Function Usage Section 21.5: Function Scope Chapter 22: Functional Programming Section 22.1: Closures Section 22.2: Assignment to variables Section 22.3: Objects as a function Section 22.4: Using outside variables Section 22.5: Anonymous function Section 22.6: Pure functions Section 22.7: Common functional methods in PHP Section 22.8: Using built-in functions as callbacks Section 22.9: Scope Section 22.10: Passing a callback function as a parameter Chapter 23: Alternative Syntax for Control Structures Section 23.1: Alternative if/else statement Section 23.2: Alternative for statement Section 23.3: Alternative while statement Section 23.4: Alternative foreach statement Section 23.5: Alternative switch statement Chapter 24: String formatting Section 24.1: String interpolation Section 24.2: Extracting/replacing substrings Chapter 25: String Parsing Section 25.1: Splitting a string by separators Section 25.2: Substring Section 25.3: Searching a substring with strpos Section 25.4: Parsing string using regular expressions Chapter 26: Classes and Objects Section 26.1: Class Constants Section 26.2: Abstract Classes Section 26.3: Late static binding Section 26.4: Namespacing and Autoloading Section 26.5: Method and Property Visibility Section 26.6: Interfaces Section 26.7: Final Keyword Section 26.8: Autoloading Section 26.9: Calling a parent constructor when instantiating a child Section 26.10: Dynamic Binding Section 26.11: $this, self and static plus the singleton Section 26.12: Defining a Basic Class Section 26.13: Anonymous Classes Chapter 27: Namespaces Section 27.1: Declaring namespaces Section 27.2: Referencing a class or function in a namespace Section 27.3: Declaring sub-namespaces Section 27.4: What are Namespaces? Chapter 28: Sessions Section 28.1: session_start() Options Section 28.2: Session Locking Section 28.3: Manipulating session data Section 28.4: Destroy an entire session Section 28.5: Safe Session Start With no Errors Section 28.6: Session name Chapter 29: Cookies Section 29.1: Modifying a Cookie Section 29.2: Setting a Cookie Section 29.3: Checking if a Cookie is Set Section 29.4: Removing a Cookie Section 29.5: Retrieving a Cookie Chapter 30: Output Buering Section 30.1: Basic usage getting content between buers and clearing Section 30.2: Processing the buer via a callback Section 30.3: Nested output buers Section 30.4: Running output buer before any content Section 30.5: Stream output to client Section 30.6: Using Output buer to store contents in a file, useful for reports, invoices etc Section 30.7: Typical usage and reasons for using ob_start Section 30.8: Capturing the output buer to re-use later Chapter 31: JSON Section 31.1: Decoding a JSON string Section 31.2: Encoding a JSON string Section 31.3: Debugging JSON errors Section 31.4: Using JsonSerializable in an Object Section 31.5: Header json and the returned response Chapter 32: SOAP Client Section 32.1: WSDL Mode Section 32.2: Non-WSDL Mode Section 32.3: Classmaps Section 32.4: Tracing SOAP request and response Chapter 33: Using cURL in PHP Section 33.1: Basic Usage (GET Requests) Section 33.2: POST Requests Section 33.3: Using Cookies Section 33.4: Using multi_curl to make multiple POST requests Section 33.5: Sending multi-dimensional data and multiple files with CurlFile in one request Section 33.6: Creating and sending a request with a custom method Section 33.7: Get and Set custom http headers in php Chapter 34: Reflection Section 34.1: Feature detection of classes or objects Section 34.2: Testing private/protected methods Section 34.3: Accessing private and protected member variables Chapter 35: Dependency Injection Section 35.1: Constructor Injection Section 35.2: Setter Injection Section 35.3: Container Injection Chapter 36: XML Section 36.1: Create a XML using DomDocument Section 36.2: Read a XML document with DOMDocument Section 36.3: Leveraging XML with PHP's SimpleXML Library Section 36.4: Create an XML file using XMLWriter Section 36.5: Read a XML document with SimpleXML Chapter 37: SimpleXML Section 37.1: Loading XML data into simplexml Chapter 38: Parsing HTML Section 38.1: Parsing HTML from a string Section 38.2: Using XPath Section 38.3: SimpleXML Chapter 39: Regular Expressions (regexp/PCRE) Section 39.1: Global RegExp match Section 39.2: String matching with regular expressions Section 39.3: Split string into array by a regular expression Section 39.4: String replacing with regular expression Section 39.5: String replace with callback Chapter 40: Traits Section 40.1: What is a Trait? Section 40.2: Traits to facilitate horizontal code reuse Section 40.3: Conflict Resolution Section 40.4: Implementing a Singleton using Traits Section 40.5: Traits to keep classes clean Section 40.6: Multiple Traits Usage Section 40.7: Changing Method Visibility Chapter 41: Composer Dependency Manager Section 41.1: What is Composer? Section 41.2: Autoloading with Composer Section 41.3: Dierence between 'composer install' and 'composer update' Section 41.4: Composer Available Commands Section 41.5: Benefits of Using Composer Section 41.6: Installation Chapter 42: Magic Methods Section 42.1: __call() and __callStatic() Section 42.2: __get(), __set(), __isset() and __unset() Section 42.3: __construct() and __destruct() Section 42.4: __toString() Section 42.5: __clone() Section 42.6: __invoke() Section 42.7: __sleep() and __wakeup() Section 42.8: __debugInfo() Chapter 43: File handling Section 43.1: Convenience functions Section 43.2: Deleting files and directories Section 43.3: Getting file information Section 43.4: Stream-based file IO Section 43.5: Moving and Copying files and directories Section 43.6: Minimize memory usage when dealing with large files Chapter 44: Streams Section 44.1: Registering a stream wrapper Chapter 45: Type hinting Section 45.1: Type hinting classes and interfaces Section 45.2: Type hinting scalar types, arrays and callables Section 45.3: Nullable type hints Section 45.4: Type hinting generic objects Section 45.5: Type Hinting No Return(Void) Chapter 46: Filters & Filter Functions Section 46.1: Validating Boolean Values Section 46.2: Validating A Number Is A Float Section 46.3: Validate A MAC Address Section 46.4: Sanitze Email Addresses Section 46.5: Sanitize Integers Section 46.6: Sanitize URLs Section 46.7: Validate Email Address Section 46.8: Validating A Value Is An Integer Section 46.9: Validating An Integer Falls In A Range Section 46.10: Validate a URL Section 46.11: Sanitize Floats Section 46.12: Validate IP Addresses Section 46.13: Sanitize filters Chapter 47: Generators Section 47.1: The Yield Keyword Section 47.2: Reading a large file with a generator Section 47.3: Why use a generator? Section 47.4: Using the send()-function to pass values to a generator Chapter 48: UTF-8 Section 48.1: Input Section 48.2: Output Section 48.3: Data Storage and Access Chapter 49: Unicode Support in PHP Section 49.1: Converting Unicode characters to “\uxxxx” format using PHP Section 49.2: Converting Unicode characters to their numeric value and/or HTML entities using PHP Section 49.3: Intl extention for Unicode support Chapter 50: URLs Section 50.1: Parsing a URL Section 50.2: Build an URL-encoded query string from an array Section 50.3: Redirecting to another URL Chapter 51: How to break down an URL Section 51.1: Using parse_url() Section 51.2: Using explode() Section 51.3: Using basename() Chapter 52: Object Serialization Section 52.1: Serialize / Unserialize Section 52.2: The Serializable interface Chapter 53: Serialization Section 53.1: Serialization of dierent types Section 53.2: Security Issues with unserialize Chapter 54: Closure Section 54.1: Basic usage of a closure Section 54.2: Using external variables Section 54.3: Basic closure binding Section 54.4: Closure binding and scope Section 54.5: Binding a closure for one call Section 54.6: Use closures to implement observer pattern Chapter 55: Reading Request Data Section 55.1: Reading raw POST data Section 55.2: Reading POST data Section 55.3: Reading GET data Section 55.4: Handling file upload errors Section 55.5: Passing arrays by POST Section 55.6: Uploading files with HTTP PUT Chapter 56: Type juggling and Non-Strict Comparison Issues Section 56.1: What is Type Juggling? Section 56.2: Reading from a file Section 56.3: Switch surprises Section 56.4: Strict typing Chapter 57: Sockets Section 57.1: TCP client socket Section 57.2: TCP server socket Section 57.3: UDP server socket Section 57.4: Handling socket errors Chapter 58: PDO Section 58.1: Preventing SQL injection with Parameterized Queries Section 58.2: Basic PDO Connection and Retrieval Section 58.3: Database Transactions with PDO Section 58.4: PDO: connecting to MySQL/MariaDB server Section 58.5: PDO: Get number of aected rows by a query Section 58.6: PDO::lastInsertId() Chapter 59: PHP MySQLi Section 59.1: Close connection Section 59.2: MySQLi connect Section 59.3: Loop through MySQLi results Section 59.4: Prepared statements in MySQLi Section 59.5: Escaping Strings Section 59.6: Debugging SQL in MySQLi Section 59.7: MySQLi query Section 59.8: How to get data from a prepared statement Section 59.9: MySQLi Insert ID Chapter 60: SQLite3 Section 60.1: SQLite3 Quickstart Tutorial Section 60.2: Querying a database Section 60.3: Retrieving only one result Chapter 61: Using MongoDB Section 61.1: Connect to MongoDB Section 61.2: Get multiple documents - find() Section 61.3: Get one document - findOne() Section 61.4: Insert document Section 61.5: Update a document Section 61.6: Delete a document Chapter 62: mongo-php Section 62.1: Everything in between MongoDB and Php Chapter 63: Using Redis with PHP Section 63.1: Connecting to a Redis instance Section 63.2: Installing PHP Redis on Ubuntu Section 63.3: Executing Redis commands in PHP Chapter 64: Sending Email Section 64.1: Sending Email - The basics, more details, and a full example Section 64.2: Sending HTML Email Using mail() Section 64.3: Sending Email With An Attachment Using mail() Section 64.4: Sending Plain Text Email Using PHPMailer Section 64.5: Sending HTML Email Using PHPMailer Section 64.6: Sending Email With An Attachment Using PHPMailer Section 64.7: Sending Plain Text Email Using Sendgrid Section 64.8: Sending Email With An Attachment Using Sendgrid Chapter 65: Using SQLSRV Section 65.1: Retrieving Error Messages Section 65.2: Fetching Query Results Section 65.3: Creating a Connection Section 65.4: Making a Simple Query Section 65.5: Invoking a Stored Procedure Section 65.6: Making a Parameterised Query Chapter 66: Command Line Interface (CLI) Section 66.1: Handling Program Options Section 66.2: Argument Handling Section 66.3: Input and Output Handling Section 66.4: Return Codes Section 66.5: Restrict script execution to command line Section 66.6: Behavioural dierences on the command line Section 66.7: Running your script Section 66.8: Edge Cases of getopt() Section 66.9: Running built-in web server Chapter 67: Localization Section 67.1: Localizing strings with gettext() Chapter 68: Headers Manipulation Section 68.1: Basic Setting of a Header Chapter 69: Coding Conventions Section 69.1: PHP Tags Chapter 70: Asynchronous programming Section 70.1: Advantages of Generators Section 70.2: Using Icicle event loop Section 70.3: Spawning non-blocking processes with proc_open() Section 70.4: Reading serial port with Event and DIO Section 70.5: HTTP Client Based on Event Extension Section 70.6: HTTP Client Based on Ev Extension Section 70.7: Using Amp event loop Chapter 71: How to Detect Client IP Address Section 71.1: Proper use of HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR Chapter 72: Create PDF files in PHP Section 72.1: Getting Started with PDFlib Chapter 73: YAML in PHP Section 73.1: Installing YAML extension Section 73.2: Using YAML to store application configuration Chapter 74: Image Processing with GD Section 74.1: Image output Section 74.2: Creating an image Section 74.3: Image Cropping and Resizing Chapter 75: Imagick Section 75.1: First Steps Section 75.2: Convert Image into base64 String Chapter 76: SOAP Server Section 76.1: Basic SOAP Server Chapter 77: Machine learning Section 77.1: Classification using PHP-ML Section 77.2: Regression Section 77.3: Clustering Chapter 78: Cache Section 78.1: Caching using memcache Section 78.2: Cache Using APC Cache Chapter 79: Autoloading Primer Section 79.1: Autoloading as part of a framework solution Section 79.2: Inline class definition, no loading required Section 79.3: Manual class loading with require Section 79.4: Autoloading replaces manual class definition loading Section 79.5: Autoloading with Composer Chapter 80: SPL data structures Section 80.1: SplFixedArray Chapter 81: IMAP Section 81.1: Connecting to a mailbox Section 81.2: Install IMAP extension Section 81.3: List all folders in the mailbox Section 81.4: Finding messages in the mailbox Chapter 82: HTTP Authentication Section 82.1: Simple authenticate Chapter 83: WebSockets Section 83.1: Simple TCP/IP server Chapter 84: BC Math (Binary Calculator) Section 84.1: Using bcmath to read/write a binary long on 32-bit system Section 84.2: Comparison between BCMath and float arithmetic operations Chapter 85: Docker deployment Section 85.1: Get docker image for php Section 85.2: Writing dockerfile Section 85.3: Building image Section 85.4: Starting application container Chapter 86: APCu Section 86.1: Iterating over Entries Section 86.2: Simple storage and retrieval Section 86.3: Store information Chapter 87: PHP Built in server Section 87.1: Running the built in server Section 87.2: built in server with specific directory and router script Chapter 88: PSR Section 88.1: PSR-4: Autoloader Section 88.2: PSR-1: Basic Coding Standard Chapter 89: PHPDoc Section 89.1: Describing a variable Section 89.2: Adding metadata to functions Section 89.3: Describing parameters Section 89.4: Collections Section 89.5: Adding metadata to files Section 89.6: Inheriting metadata from parent structures Chapter 90: Design Patterns Section 90.1: Method Chaining in PHP Chapter 91: Compile PHP Extensions Section 91.1: Compiling on Linux Chapter 92: Common Errors Section 92.1: Call fetch_assoc on boolean Section 92.2: Unexpected $end Chapter 93: Compilation of Errors and Warnings Section 93.1: Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM Section 93.2: Notice: Undefined index Section 93.3: Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent Chapter 94: Exception Handling and Error Reporting Section 94.1: Setting error reporting and where to display them Section 94.2: Logging fatal errors Chapter 95: Debugging Section 95.1: Dumping variables Section 95.2: Displaying errors Section 95.3: phpinfo() Section 95.4: Xdebug Section 95.5: Error Reporting (use them both) Section 95.6: phpversion() Chapter 96: Unit Testing Section 96.1: Testing class rules Section 96.2: PHPUnit Data Providers Section 96.3: Test exceptions Chapter 97: Performance Section 97.1: Profiling with Xdebug Section 97.2: Memory Usage Section 97.3: Profiling with XHProf Chapter 98: Multiprocessing Section 98.1: Multiprocessing using built-in fork functions Section 98.2: Creating child process using fork Section 98.3: Inter-Process Communication Chapter 99: Multi Threading Extension Section 99.1: Getting Started Section 99.2: Using Pools and Workers Chapter 100: Secure Remeber Me Section 100.1: “Keep Me Logged In” - the best approach Chapter 101: Security Section 101.1: PHP Version Leakage Section 101.2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Section 101.3: Cross-Site Request Forgery Section 101.4: Command Line Injection Section 101.5: Stripping Tags Section 101.6: File Inclusion Section 101.7: Error Reporting Section 101.8: Uploading files Chapter 102: Cryptography Section 102.1: Symmetric Encryption and Decryption of large Files with OpenSSL Section 102.2: Symmetric Cipher Chapter 103: Password Hashing Functions Section 103.1: Creating a password hash Section 103.2: Determine if an existing password hash can be upgraded to a stronger algorithm Section 103.3: Verifying a password against a hash Chapter 104: Contributing to the PHP Manual Section 104.1: Improve the ocial documentation Section 104.2: Tips for contributing to the manual Chapter 105: Contributing to the PHP Core Section 105.1: Setting up a basic development environment Appendix A: Installing a PHP environment on Windows Section A.1: Download, Install and use WAMP Section A.2: Install PHP and use it with IIS Section A.3: Download and Install XAMPP Appendix B: Installing on Linux/Unix Environments Section B.1: Command Line Install Using APT for PHP 7 Section B.2: Installing in Enterprise Linux distributions (CentOS, Scientific Linux, etc) Credits You may also like