Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies (Конструирование и монтаж фотоэлектрических панелей для чайников)

На английском языке. Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2010, 384 pages, ISBN: 978-0-470-59893-1 This title presents the fun and easy way to get a grip on photovoltaic design and installation. Designing and installing solar panel systems is a trend that continues to grow. With green collar jobs on the rise and homeowners looking for earth-friendly ways to stretch their dollars and lesson their carbon imprint, understanding photovoltaic design and installation is on the rise. "Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies" gives you a comprehensive overview of the history, physics, design, installation, and operation of home-scale solar-panel systems. You‘ll also get an introduction to the foundational mathematic and electrical concepts you need to understand and work with photovoltaic systems. It covers all aspects of home-scale solar-power systems. It is a viable resource for professionals, students, and technical laymen. It can be used to study for the NABCEP exam. Whether You‘re a building professional looking to expand your business and skills to meet the growing demand for solar power installation or are seeking a career in this rapidly expanding field, "Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies" has you covered! Introduction About this book Conventions used in this book What you're not to read Foolish assumptions How this book is organized Part 1: Here comes the sun: shedding some light on PV systems Part 2: Digging into complete systems details Part 3: Sizing a PV system Part 4: installing a PV system Part 5: Part of tens Icons used in this book Where to go from here Part 1: Here Comes The Sun: Shedding Some Light On PV Systems Chapter 1: Photovoltaic revolution Peeking into the past, present, and future of PV installations Acquainting yourself with typical PV applications Checking out PV pros and cons Looking into the future of PV Introducing PV components and systems Knowing your electricity A-B-Cs Solar resource 101 Surveying a PV system site Delving into PV system details PV modules Batteries Charge controllers Inverters Wiring and safety devices Sizing a PV system Grid-direct systems Battery-based systems Conductors and safety devices Bringing a PV system to life Permitting Staying safe Putting together the mechanical parts Adding the electrical parts Commissioning, inspecting, and maintaining a system Introducing the sections of code you need to know Chapter 2: Checking Out Common Components And Systems Introducing the components that make up PV systems PV modules and racking Battery bank Charge controller Inverter Loads Load centers Disconnects and over current protection Utility interconnection Differentiating between PV system types Grid-direct systems Battery-based systems Figuring out the right system type for any situation Customer is connected to the grid Customer isn't connected to the grid Chapter 3: Powering through electricity basics Going with the flow: current Understanding amps Distinguishing between direct current and alternating current Measuring current with a meter May the (electromotive) force be with you: voltage Grasping the concept of voltage Getting a grip on nominal voltage and operating voltage Measuring voltage Making a stop: resistance Introducing ohms Measuring resistance Connecting current, voltage, and resistance with ohm's law Pondering power and energy Recognizing the differences between power and energy Relating power to current, voltage, and resistance with the power equation Calculating energy in terms of watt-hours Introducing amp-hours, a companion to watt-hours Wrapping together current, voltage, resistance, power and energy Another electricity concept: circuit configurations Series Parallel Series-parallel Chapter 4: Warming up to the solar resource High (or low) energy: solar radiation Distinguishing between direct radiation and diffuse radiation Determining the intensity of solar radiation: irradiance Calculating solar radiation energy: irradiation Just for a day: peak sun hours Examining the effects of the sun's path on the earth Getting a grip on seasonal effects Understanding the sun's relationship to your location: altitude and azimuth Ticking off solar time Interpreting sun charts Opening up to the solar window Positioning PV modules to make the most of the solar resource Introducing tilt angle Orienting your array to the azimuth Chapter 5: Properly selecting a site for PV system Setting the stage for a site survey Putting aside enough time Creating a standard site-survey form Toting a site-survey bag Picture this: documenting your entire site survey with digital photos Collecting basic information during a site survey General site information Structural and mechanical information Electrical information Measuring information in degrees Understanding magnetic declination Calculating the array's tilt angle and azimuth Exploring shading-analysis tools Interpreting the data and bringing it all together Analyzing reports from you shading-analysis tool Considering the total solar resource factor Using other collected information to plan out the design and installation Part 2: Digging Into Complete System Details Chapter 6: PV modules: from sand to electricity Creating solar electricity: it all starts with a cell Getting a grip on cell construction and manufacturing Connecting cell construction to the photovoltaic effect Reviewing common types of PV modules Checking out crystalline modules Looking at thin film modules Pointing out electrical specifications on PV modules Current specifications Voltage specifications Maximum power point Voltage temperature coefficient Power tolerance Series fuse rating Surveying test conditions for PV modules Standard test conditions Environmental effects on standard test conditions Relating current and voltage in IV curves IV curve with varying temperature IV curve with varying irradiance Chapter 7: Basics of batteries Fundamentals of battery anatomy and operation Constructing a battery, from cell to bank Discovering how batteries charge and discharge Comparing different types of batteries Lead-acid batteries Lead-calcium batteries Nickel-cadmium batteries Comprehending battery capacity Considering the C rate for capacity Recognizing factors that affect capacity Specifying batteries Specifying the type of battery to use Specifying the battery bank size Chapter 8: Keeping current and voltage in check: charge controllers Essentials of charge controllers Seeing how a charge controller works in stages Surveying special effects provided by some charge controllers Maximum power point tracking technology How MPPT works Pros and cons of MPPT controllers Pulse-width modulation technology How PWM works Pros and cons of PWM controllers Specifying a charge controller Chapter 9: Inverters: AC (from) DC Getting the good on grid-direct inverters Basic operation Standard features Power output sizes Importance of transformers Investigating battery-based inverters Utility-interactive inverter operation Stand-alone inverter operation Standard features for all battery-based inverters Sizes of battery-based inverters Low-frequency transformer technology Specifying any inverter Grid-direct Battery-based Chapter 10: Staying secure: wiring and safety components Defining the circuits in a PV system Checking out types of conductors USE-2 PV wire Building wiring Battery wiring Ground wiring Considering kinds of conduit Metallic conduit Nonmetallic conduit Delving into disconnects Perusing over current protection devices Circuit breakers Fuses Focusing on ground fault protection Looking at the basics of labels Part 3: Sizing A PV System Chapter 11: Sizing a grid-direct system First things first: evaluating the budget and the available array area Estimating the site's annual energy production Sizing the array to meet your client's energy consumption Determining annual energy consumption Looking at contract options with the utility Using consumption and contract options to select an array's needed power value Getting ready to match an inverter to an array Matching power values for an array and an inverter Coming up with the right voltage values for your array and inverter Establishing the inverter's AC voltage Defining the inverter's DC voltage window Calculating the modules' maximum DC voltage contribution Figuring out the modules' minimum DC voltage contribution Bringing it all together: combining your power and voltage information One last check: the inverter's maximum current input Chapter 12: Sizing a battery-based system Get loaded: looking at loads in a battery-based system Evaluating the loads that the battery bank must serve Calculating the energy required during an outage for utility-interactive systems Determining the average daily energy consumption for stand-alone systems Sizing the battery bank Inverter efficiency Days of autonomy Temperature used for battery operation Depth of discharge Nominal voltages Figuring out the battery capacity you need Strung along: wiring the battery bank Sizing the PV array Sizing the array in a utility-interactive system Sizing the array in a stand-alone system Sizing the charge controller Voltage specifications Power or amperage specifications Check before you move on: comparing the size to the battery capacity Sizing the inverter Viewing voltage output Calculating the power draw Staying in charge Looking at surge ratings Evaluating inverter and array power output Incorporating a generator Generator features Generator sizing Chapter 13: Sizing conductors, conduit, and safety components Conductor sizing 101 Defining the PV circuits' maximum and continuous current Calculating non-PV circuits' maximum current Considering conditions of use with some handy tables Putting together the details to determine conductor sizing Accounting for voltage drop after you size your conductors Sizing conduit Sizing over current protection devices and disconnects Beginning with a few basics Placing protection PV circuits Protecting inverter circuits Part 4: Installing A PV System Chapter 14: Permitting process Obtaining permits before you install a PV system In the beginning: having the right licenses and certifications Home grown: permitting for residential systems Big business: permitting for commercial systems Not just pretty pictures: creating drawing sets Calling out components clearly Depicting equipment locations Showing conductor-sizing calculations Jotting down job notes Chapter 15: Staying safe anytime you work on a PV system Getting a grip on general construction site safety Identifying job-site obstacles and putting on protective gear right away Safely working alone and with others Taking in tips for tool safety Limiting your exposure to the elements Stowing a first-aid kit on the job site Looking at ladder safety Selecting your stash of ladders Properly setting up any ladder Raising the issue of rooftop safety Restraining yourself with fall protection Storing you tools Maintaining safe walkways Examining electrical safety Staying aware of general shock hazards Working with circuits Charging ahead with battery safety Chapter 16: Assembling the mechanical parts Surveying PV array mounting methods Roof mounting Ground mounting Top-of -pole mounting Building -integrated mounting Considering loading when you mount an array on a roof Following building codes Accounting for additional dead load Looking at live loads Properly attaching an array to a roof Making attachments with lag screws Sealing roof penetrations with flashing Supporting ground and top-of-pole mounting Chapter 17: Integrating the electrical elements Location is everything: knowing where to place electrical equipment Manufacturer's requirements for equipment locations Locations for disconnecting means Combiner boxes and junction boxes and wiring, oh my! Working on wiring Seeing red (and green and white): color-coding Managing wires on PV modules Protecting wires with conduit Bonding yourself to grounding Equipment grounding System grounding Connecting to the utility Determining the utility's requirements Making a load side or line side connection Chapter 18: Commissioning, inspecting, and maintaining a PV system Making a list and checking it twice: preparing for commissioning Mechanical elements? Check! Electrical elements? Check! Start 'er up: the commissioning process Putting safety first Gathering the gear you need Commissioning different types of systems Verifying that the system is working Arming yourself for inspection issues Not having "a neat and workmanlike manner" Forgetting about aesthetics Failing to manage conductors on the array Neglecting to label the system Surveying system maintenance Mechanical maintenance Electrical maintenance Maintenance on a higher level: taking care of battery banks Part 5: Parts Of Tens Chapter 19: Ten ways to avoid common code mistakes Providing proper working clearance Supplying the right structural support Keeping water out of buildings with flashing Ensuring all conductors have the necessary ratings Managing the conductors on modules Selecting the correct conduit Locating the disconnects Grounding the equipment Grounding the system Labeling the system properly Chapter 20: Ten ways to maximize energy production for your clients Select the right site Orient the array correctly Configure the array properly Work within the limits of the utility voltage Choose the correct inverter Size conductors appropriately Keep the components cool Advise clients to monitor their system Clean the array periodically Inspect the array annually Index. Photovoltaic Design and Installation For Dummies (9781119544357) was previously published as Photovoltaic Design and Installation For Dummies (9780470598931). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. The fun and easy way to get a grip on photovoltaic design and installation Designing and installing solar panel systems is a trend that continues to grow. With'green collar'jobs on the rise and homeowners looking for earth-friendly ways to stretch their dollars and lesson their carbon imprint, understanding photovoltaic design and installation is on the rise. Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies gives you a comprehensive overview of the history, physics, design, installation, and operation of home-scale solar-panel systems. You'll also get an introduction to the foundational mathematic and electrical concepts you need to understand and work with photovoltaic systems. Covers all aspects of home-scale solar-power systems Viable resource for professionals, students, and technical laymen Can be used to study for the NABCEP exam Whether you're a building professional looking to expand your business and skills to meet the growing demand for solar power installation or are seeking a career in this rapidly expanding field, Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies has you covered!

The fun and easy way to get a grip on photovoltaic design and installation

Designing and installing solar panel systems is a trend that continues to grow. With 'green collar' jobs on the rise and homeowners looking for earth-friendly ways to stretch their dollars and lesson their carbon imprint, understanding photovoltaic design and installation is on the rise.

Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies gives you a comprehensive overview of the history, physics, design, installation, and operation of home-scale solar-panel systems. You'll also get an introduction to the foundational mathematic and electrical concepts you need to understand and work with photovoltaic systems.

• Covers all aspects of home-scale solar-power systems
• Viable resource for professionals, students, and technical laymen
• Can be used to study for the NABCEP exam

Whether you're a building professional looking to expand your business and skills to meet the growing demand for solar power installation or are seeking a career in this rapidly expanding field, Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies has you covered!

From the Publisher: The fun and easy way to get a grip on photovoltaic design and installation. Designing and installing solar panel systems is a trend that continues to grow. With 'green collar' jobs on the rise and homeowners looking for earth-friendly ways to stretch their dollars and lesson their carbon imprint, understanding photovoltaic design and installation is on the rise. Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies gives you a comprehensive overview of the history, physics, design, installation, and operation of home-scale solar-panel systems. You'll also get an introduction to the foundational mathematic and electrical concepts you need to understand and work with photovoltaic systems. Covers all aspects of home-scale solar-power systems; Viable resource for professionals, students, and technical laymen; Can be used to study for the NABCEP exam; Whether you're a building professional looking to expand your business and skills to meet the growing demand for solar power installation or are seeking a career in this rapidly expanding field, Photovoltaic Design & Installation For Dummies has you covered!