Photoreceptors And Calcium (advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology)

This volume foxuses on the status of Ca2+ ions in regulation of phototransduction, light adaptation and the recovery phase in vertebrate photoreceptors. Particular emphasis is given to Ca2+-binding proteins and their targets, among them particulate guanylate cyclases, GPCR-coupled kinases and cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels. The book also expands our understanding of events invovling Ca2+ in the retinal pigment epithelium, in synaptic transmission and secondary retinal neurons. A significant part of the book is dedicated to the role of Ca2+ in invertebrate phototransduction, the best-studied phospholipid-mediated signal transduction pathway. Several chapters explore association of gene defects with human retina disease and the generation of animal models of retinal degeneration. Front Matter....Pages i-xxviii Calcium and Phototransduction....Pages 1-20 The Calcium Gradient Along The Rod Outer Segment....Pages 21-35 The Time Course of Light Adaptation in Vertebrate Retinal Rods....Pages 37-60 S-Modulin....Pages 61-68 Ca 2+ -Dependent Control of Rhodopsin Phosphorylation: Recoverin And Rhodopsin Kinase....Pages 69-99 Recoverin And Rhodopsin Kinase....Pages 101-107 Pathological Roles Of Recoverin In Cancer-Associated Retinopathy....Pages 109-124 Rgs9-1 Phosphorylation And Ca 2+ ....Pages 125-129 Phosphorylation by Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 Of The Regulatory Subunit (Pγ) Of Retinal cGMP Phosphodiesterase (PDE6): Its Implications In Phototransduction....Pages 131-153 Centrins, A Novel Group Of Cat2, 2+ -Binding Proteins In Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells....Pages 155-178 Tuning Outer Segment Ca 2+ Homeostasis to Phototransduction in Rods and Cones....Pages 179-203 Regulation of the Rod Photoreceptor Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel....Pages 205-223 Ca 2+ -Channels in the RPE....Pages 225-235 The Retinal Rod and Cone Na + /Ca 2+ -K + Exchangers....Pages 237-251 The Complex of cGMP-Gated Channel and Na + / Ca 2+ K + Exchanger in Rod Photoreceptors....Pages 253-274 Regulation of Voltage-Sensitive Ca 2+ Channels in Bipolar Cells by Divalent Cations and Polyamines....Pages 275-289 Site-Directed and Natural Mutations in Studying Functional Domains in Guanylyl Cyclase Activating Proteins (GCAPs)....Pages 291-301 Calmodulin And Ca 2+ -Binding Proteins (CaBPs): Variations on a Theme....Pages 303-317 GCAPs: Ca 2+ -Sensitive Regulators of retGC....Pages 319-332 Structure and Membrane-Targeting Mechanism of Retinal Ca 2+ -Binding Proteins, Recoverin and GCAP-2....Pages 333-348 Target Recognition of Guanylate Cyclase By Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Proteins....Pages 349-360 Mouse Models to Study GCAP Functions In Intact Photoreceptors....Pages 361-388 Calcium-Dependent Activation of Guanylate Cyclase by S100b....Pages 389-398 The Role of Cadherins in Ca 2+ -Mediated Cell Adhesion and Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration....Pages 399-410 Guanylate Cyclase Activating Proteins, Guanylate Cyclase and Disease....Pages 411-438 Using Mutant Mice to Study the Role of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in the Retina....Pages 439-450 Caldendrins in the Inner Retina....Pages 451-463 Calcium Channels at the Photoreceptor Synapse....Pages 465-476 On Bipolar Cells: Following in the Footsteps of Phototransduction....Pages 477-492 Ca 2+ Regulation of Drosophila Phototransduction....Pages 493-505 Simultaneous Roles for Ca 2+ in Excitation and Adaptation of Limulus Ventral Photoreceptors....Pages 507-538 Calcium Homeostasis in Fly Photoreceptor Cells....Pages 539-583 Photoreceptor Degeneration and Ca 2+ Influx Through Light-Activated Channels of Drosophila ....Pages 585-599 The TRP Calcium Channel and Retinal Degeneration....Pages 601-622 Back Matter....Pages 623-625 This volume foxuses on the status of Ca 2+ ions in regulation of phototransduction, light adaptation and the recovery phase in vertebrate photoreceptors. Particular emphasis is given to Ca 2+ -binding proteins and their targets, among them particulate guanylate cyclases, GPCR-coupled kinases and cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels. The book also expands our understanding of events invovling Ca 2+ in the retinal pigment epithelium, in synaptic transmission and secondary retinal neurons. A significant part of the book is dedicated to the role of Ca 2+ in invertebrate phototransduction, the best-studied phospholipid-mediated signal transduction pathway. Several chapters explore association of gene defects with human retina disease and the generation of animal models of retinal degeneration Focuses on the status of Ca2+ ions in regulation of phototransduction, light adaptation and the recovery phase in vertebrate photoreceptors. This book emphasises on Ca2+-binding proteins and their targets, among them particulate guanylate cyclases, GPCR-coupled kinases and cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels. Text reviews the understanding of the role of calcium in phototransduction, dark-and light-adaptation, recovery from bleaching and return from the dark state, and synaptic signaling of photoreceptors and their second-order neurons. Includes color plates. Vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors respond to light with a membrane hyperpolarization.