تجهیزات نورپردازی عکاسی: راهنمای جامع برای عکاسان دیجیتال

From flashlights and top-of-the-line studio electronic flashes to light stands and battery/inverter packs, this all-encompassing survey evaluates the vast array of lighting and equipment options available to professional photographers. Beginning with a basic history of the role of lighting equipment and the interplay between advances in capture and lighting technologies, the emphasis then shifts to advances made within the past five years that have enabled photographers to consider more low-powered and cost effective options than ever before. In addition to identifying the wide range of gear currently on the market—as well as those photographers may devise on their own—this reference examines the pros and cons of the various technologies and provides suggestions for their most practical use. Photographs of the equipment surveyed as well as real-life images created with the different pieces of equipment are interspersed throughout the text. Other helpful hints include tips for maximizing versatility, investment in each piece of equipment, and a “Top-Ten Must-Have List.” Copyright 2 Contents 4 Introduction 6 1. THE EVOLUTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC LIGHTING 9 Flash Powder 9 Photo Floods 10 Flashbulbs 11 Tungsten-Halogen Bulbs 12 A Flash of Brilliance 12 Fluorescent Lights: A Different Kind of “Flicker” 15 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 15 Hydrargyrum Medium-Arc Iodide (HMI) Lights 17 2. ELECTRONIC FLASH: THE INDUSTRY STANDARD 18 On-Camera Flash 19 Monolights 26 Pack and Head Systems 31 The Hybrid Battery-Powered Studio Flash Pack 37 Flash Facts 38 Synchronization Speed 38 Synchronization 39 Flash Duration 41 Color Temperature 42 Safety Tips 43 Choosing a System for Your Style of Photography 46 The Photojournalist/Magazine Editorial Photographer 46 The Generalist 48 3. CONTINUOUS LIGHTS 54 From Flashlights to Movie Lights 54 HMIs 55 Bright, Cheap, and Easy to Use: Meet the Tungstens 57 Fluorescent Light Goes Mainstream 65 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 73 Flashlights: Portable and Primitive 73 4. ACCESSORIES YOU’LL USE ON THE LIGHTS THEMSELVES 77 Metal Reflectors 77 Umbrella Reflectors 77 Standard Reflectors 78 Magnum Reflectors 79 Beauty Dishes 79 Telephoto Reflectors 81 Universal Modifiers 81 Softboxes 81 Umbrellas 85 5. OTHER LIGHTING ACCESSORIES 93 Modifying, Movie Style: Scrims and Silks 93 Collapsible Round Modifiers 98 Backgrounds 99 Muslins 99 Canvas 99 Hardware 99 Background Paper 99 6. THE SUPPORT STAFF 100 Light Stands 100 Booms 105 Clamps 105 Attaching the Lights 109 Extension Cables and Power Splitters 111 Transportation 111 7. BUILDING YOUR PERFECT KIT 113 Location Work 113 Fashion and Beauty Work 114 The Ultimate Outfit 114 A Buying Philosophy 115 Buying Used 116 Get a Good Light Meter 117 The Wrap-up 118 The Best and the Worst 123 Index 124 Back Cover 129 1584289937,9781584289937,1584285397,9781584285397 Copyright......Page 2 Contents......Page 4 Introduction......Page 6 Flash Powder......Page 9 Photo Floods......Page 10 Flashbulbs......Page 11 A Flash of Brilliance......Page 12 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)......Page 15 Hydrargyrum Medium-Arc Iodide (HMI) Lights......Page 17 2. ELECTRONIC FLASH: THE INDUSTRY STANDARD......Page 18 On-Camera Flash......Page 19 Monolights......Page 26 Pack and Head Systems......Page 31 The Hybrid Battery-Powered Studio Flash Pack......Page 37 Synchronization Speed......Page 38 Synchronization......Page 39 Flash Duration......Page 41 Color Temperature......Page 42 Safety Tips......Page 43 The Photojournalist/Magazine Editorial Photographer......Page 46 The Generalist......Page 48 From Flashlights to Movie Lights......Page 54 HMIs......Page 55 Bright, Cheap, and Easy to Use: Meet the Tungstens......Page 57 Fluorescent Light Goes Mainstream......Page 65 Flashlights: Portable and Primitive......Page 73 Umbrella Reflectors......Page 77 Standard Reflectors......Page 78 Beauty Dishes......Page 79 Softboxes......Page 81 Umbrellas......Page 85 Modifying, Movie Style: Scrims and Silks......Page 93 Collapsible Round Modifiers......Page 98 Background Paper......Page 99 Light Stands......Page 100 Clamps......Page 105 Attaching the Lights......Page 109 Transportation......Page 111 Location Work......Page 113 The Ultimate Outfit......Page 114 A Buying Philosophy......Page 115 Buying Used......Page 116 Get a Good Light Meter......Page 117 The Wrap-up......Page 118 The Best and the Worst......Page 123 Index......Page 124 Back Cover......Page 129

From flashlights and top-of-the-line studio electronic flashes to light stands and battery/inverter packs, this all-encompassing survey evaluates the vast array of lighting and equipment options available to professional photographers. Beginning with a basic history of the role of lighting equipment and the interplay between advances in capture and lighting technologies, the emphasis then shifts to advances made within the past five years that have enabled photographers to consider more low-powered and cost effective options than ever before. In addition to identifying the wide range of gear currently on the market—as well as those photographers may devise on their own—this reference examines the pros and cons of the various technologies and provides suggestions for their most practical use. Photographs of the equipment surveyed as well as real-life images created with the different pieces of equipment are interspersed throughout the text. Other helpful hints include tips for maximizing versatility, investment in each piece of equipment, and a “Top-Ten Must-Have List.”