Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena III : Proceedings of the 7th International Topical Meeting, Doorwerth, The Netherlands, August 26–30, 1991

Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena III comprises contributions explaining new topics, relevant theories, novel methods, and the developmentof instrumentation in this active research area - information that is otherwise not available in a single volume. Particular emphasis is placed on the variety of applications of photoacoustic and photothermal techniques in disciplines ranging from environmental, agricultural, medical, and biological sciences to spectroscopy, nondestructive evaluation, materials characterization, heat and mass transfer, kinetics (including ultrafast phenomena), and solid-state and surface physics. This volume provides an excellent overview of the spectrum of activities in the photoacoustic and photothermal field worldwide, and thus is suitable both for the specialist and for the newcomer to this multidisciplinary research area. Front Matter....Pages I-XXVIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Exploration of FTIR-Based PAS for On-Site Analysis of Volatile Contaminants in Air....Pages 3-5 Photothermal Electrostatics of the Pd-PVDF Photopyroelectric Hydrogen Gas Sensor....Pages 6-8 Photoacoustic Spectra of Chlorinated Ethylenes at CO 2 Laser Frequencies....Pages 9-11 The Photothermal Deflection Technique (PDT): Fast Trace Gas Detection in the Atmosphere....Pages 12-15 Photoacoustic Measurement of Vertical Ammonia Gradients in the Atmosphere....Pages 16-19 Interfacing Photoacoustic and Photothermal Techniques for New Hyphenated Methodologies and Instrumentation Suitable for Agricultural, Environmental and Medical Applications....Pages 20-27 Photoacoustic In Situ Monitoring of Trace Gases in a Rural Environment....Pages 28-30 Photoacoustic Field Measurements of Methane....Pages 31-33 A Liquid Nitrogen Cooled CO Laser in a Photoacoustic Set-Up Monitors Low Gas Concentrations....Pages 34-37 Photothermal Detection of Trace Chemicals by Fiber-Optic Interferometric Probe....Pages 38-40 Fiber Optic Modified Laser Induced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for the Detection of Organic Pollutants in Solutions....Pages 41-45 Remote Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy for Trace Analysis of Pesticides in Aqueous Solutions....Pages 46-49 Laser Optoacoustic Probing of Biopolymer Solutions....Pages 50-52 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Proteins in the Visible: Human Serum Albumin....Pages 53-55 Photoacoustic Measurements of C 2 H 4 Production and Entrapment in Plants: A Comparison with Gas-Chromatographic Results....Pages 56-58 Interpretation of the Photoacoustic Effect on Leaves by Evolution and Transport of Heat and Oxygen....Pages 59-61 Photoacoustically Monitored Energy Dissipation and Xanthophyll Cycle Compared in Two Durum Wheat Varieties Exposed to a High-Light Treatment....Pages 62-64 Deconvolution of Photobaric and Photothermal Signals from Spinach Leaves....Pages 65-68 In Vivo State Transitions as Followed by Photoacoustically Measured Energy Storage....Pages 69-72 Laser-Induced Optoacoustic Spectroscopy (LIOAS) of Bacteriorhodopsin (BR): A Mathematical Model and Temperature Studies....Pages 73-76 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Sub-ps and ns Laser-Induced Optoacoustic Spectroscopy (LIOAS) of Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)....Pages 77-80 Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectra of Bacteria....Pages 81-84 New and Versatile Method for Thermophysical Characterization of Materials: The Inverse Photopyroelectric Technique....Pages 85-87 Use of an Open Photoacoustic Cell for some Applications in Agriculture....Pages 88-91 In Vivo Evaluation of the Human Skin Permeation of Topically Applied Light Absorbing Agents by a Mirage Effect Spectrometer....Pages 92-94 Optothermal Characterisation of Human Skin....Pages 95-99 Front Matter....Pages 101-101 Standard Versus New Photopyroelectric (PPE) Techniques: Reflection (RPPE) and Inverse (IPPE) Configurations....Pages 103-112 A Tutorial on the State-of-the Art of FTIR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 113-124 Transient Infrared Spectroscopy....Pages 125-127 Photoacoustic Spectra of Polymer Fibres and Textile Materials....Pages 128-130 Study of Absorption Properties of Dark Coloured Textile Fabrics....Pages 131-134 Photoacoustic Response to X-Ray Absorption in CuO and Cu 2 O....Pages 135-137 Photoacoustic Response to X-Ray Absorption in Copper, Phosphor Bronze, and Brass....Pages 138-140 Theory of the Photoacoustic Effect in Photoactive Samples....Pages 141-143 Photoacoustic Detection of Triplet State and Singlet Oxygen....Pages 144-146 Origin of Photoacoustic Signals in the Visible Spectrum of I 2 Vapour....Pages 147-150 Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Amorphous Carbon Films....Pages 151-154 An Excitation Energy Transfer Between Monomer and Dimer of Rhodamine 6G in a Viscous Solution....Pages 155-157 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Monolayers by Pulsed Photothermal Beam Deflection (PBD)....Pages 158-160 Reverse Mirage Photothermal Beam Deflection: Theory and Experiment....Pages 161-164 Front Matter....Pages 101-101 Piezophotoacoustic Spectroscopy of Gyrotropic Layered Structures....Pages 165-167 Photoacoustic Signal Generation and Spectra of Powders....Pages 168-171 Front Matter....Pages 173-173 Recent Developments in the Thermal Diffusivity Measurements of Diamond Materials....Pages 175-179 Photoacoustic Study of the Thermal Effusivity of Cellulose and Paper....Pages 180-182 Photoacoustic Characterization of Calcinated and Non-Calcinated Zeolitic Chromosilicate....Pages 183-185 Photoacoustic Depth Profiling of Continuously Inhomogeneous Condensed Phases and Application to the Liquid Crystal Octylcyanobiphenyl (8 CB)....Pages 186-188 Computer Simulation of the Thermal Diffusivity Measurements of Oriented Polymer Samples Using the Mirage Effect....Pages 189-192 The Determination of Thermal Diffusivity of Oriented Polymer Films by Means of Optical Beam Deflection....Pages 193-195 Photothermal Measurement of Temperature Dependent Absorbance of Infrared Components....Pages 196-198 Numerical Analysis of Simultaneous Surface and Subsurface Features in Homogeneous Solids and in Coatings by the Mirage Technique....Pages 199-201 Dichroic Ratio and Thermal Diffusivity Measurements on Polydiacetylene Single Crystal Films by Photothermal Probe Beam Deflection....Pages 202-204 Photothermal Analysis of Layered Materials Under Random Excitation....Pages 205-208 Opto-Thermal Study of Glass Properties....Pages 209-212 Non-Invasive Opto-Thermal Measurement of Clear Lacquer Coating Thickness....Pages 213-216 Thermal Characterization of Low Thermal Diffusivity Glasses....Pages 217-220 Temperature Dependence of Photothermally Modulated FMR Signals: Investigation of Magnetostatic Modes in Yttrium Iron Garnet Films....Pages 221-223 Analytical Relations Between the Phase of the Photothermal Signal and the Thermal Wavelength....Pages 224-227 A Highly Sensitive Photothermal Method for Measuring the Optical Losses in the Mirrors of the Gravitational Antenna Virgo....Pages 228-230 Effect of Photoelasticity on Photothermal Beam Deflection in Transparent Solids....Pages 231-234 Contrast Analysis in Thermal Wave Materials Inspection. Part I: Pulsed Excitation....Pages 235-237 Front Matter....Pages 173-173 Contrast Analysis in Thermal Wave Materials Inspection. Part II: Periodic Excitation....Pages 238-240 Transient Thermal Wave Scattering from Disc Air Gap Defects in Homogeneous Media....Pages 241-244 Dimensionality Viewed from a Thermal Perspective....Pages 245-247 Thickness Determination for Two-Layer Systems of Paint on Polymers with Photothermal Radiometry....Pages 248-250 Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Diamond Materials....Pages 251-253 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 Femtosecond Thermoreflectivity....Pages 257-262 Photoacoustic Waveforms Generated by Fluid Bodies....Pages 263-269 Study of Chemical Relaxation of Dimeric Formic Acid by Photoacoustic Resonance Spectroscopy....Pages 270-272 Characterization of Chemical Reactions by Thermal Lens Spectrometry....Pages 273-275 Methane Vibrational Rates from Deconvoluting a Large Data Set with Varying Pressure, Buffer Gases, Temperature, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Instrumental Response....Pages 276-279 New Aspects of Sound Generation by Light Absorption in Gases....Pages 280-282 Photoacoustic Studies of Non-Radiative Energy Transfer in the Flexible Styrylcyanine-Rhodamine B Dye System....Pages 283-286 Material Characterization by Interferometric Detection of Acoustically Induced Surface Displacements....Pages 287-289 An Optical Calorimeter Based on an Ultrasonic Resonator....Pages 290-293 Optoacoustic Source as a Tool for the Investigation of Nonlinear Acoustic Effects....Pages 294-296 Nonlinear Photoeffect at the Boundary of a Semiconductor and Liquid Helium....Pages 297-299 Probe Beam Detection of IR and UV Laser Polymer Ablation on the Nanosecond Time Scale....Pages 300-302 Picosecond Photoacoustics in Thin Films of SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 ....Pages 303-305 Nonlinear Regimes of Longitudinal Acoustic Pulse Excitation in Piezocrystals by Ultrashort Laser Action....Pages 306-308 Pulsed Ultrasonic Spectroscopy Based on Laser Thermooptical Generation....Pages 309-312 Front Matter....Pages 255-255 Optical Observation of Laser Induced Lamb Wave Dispersion....Pages 313-316 Precision Measurement of Laser Induced Surface Acoustic Wave Velocities on Silicon Single Crystals....Pages 317-319 Photoelastic Law Explains Optically Induced Changes in the Index of Refraction in Ti 3+ :Al 2 O 3 ....Pages 320-322 On the Possibility of Rayleigh-Type Surface Acoustic Waves Excitation at Frequencies up to 10–100 GHz by Laser Action on a Normally Cut Superlattice....Pages 323-325 Some Applications of SAW Pulses Photogenerated in Silicon....Pages 326-330 Broad-Band Detection of Laser Excited Surface Acoustic Wave Pulses by a Novel Transducer Employing Ferroelectric Polymers....Pages 331-333 Optoacoustic Investigation of IR Absorption by Diffraction Gratings....Pages 334-336 Front Matter....Pages 337-337 Competition Between Thermal and Plasma Waves for the Determination of Electronic Parameters in Semiconductor Samples....Pages 339-349 Photoacoustic Calibration of Silicon Photodiodes....Pages 350-353 The Comparative Study of Semiconductor Structures Using Simultaneous Detection of Photoacoustic Signal and Photovoltage....Pages 354-356 Photoacoustic Characterization of Ion-Implantation Damage in Silicon....Pages 357-359 Photoacoustic Effect in CdS Under Combined Optical Exposure....Pages 360-362 Electron-Induced Ionization and Thermalization in CdS Using Optical Beam Deflection Imaging....Pages 363-365 Topography of Integrated Circuits Detected by Phase Selection in Modulated Optical Reflectance Microscopy....Pages 366-368 Nonlinear Response of Modulated Photoreflectance in Silicon....Pages 369-371 Photomodulated Optical-Reflectance Studies of Germanium: Diagnostic Separation of Temperature and Free-Carrier Effects....Pages 372-374 Surface Characterization by Modulated Photoreflectance....Pages 375-377 Solar Cells Studied with Modulated Reflectance....Pages 378-380 Application of the Photothermal Beam Deflection Technique to the Measurement of Si Thermal and Electronic Parameters....Pages 381-383 Spatially Resolved Determination of Photogenerated Temperature and Excess Carrier Distribution in GaAsP....Pages 384-386 Front Matter....Pages 337-337 Subgap Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy of Silicon Wafers....Pages 387-389 Theory of Pulsed Photothermal Beam Deflection Signal Formation in Semiconductors....Pages 390-392 Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy Study of the Effect of Ion Dose on the Subgap Absorption of Defects in Ion Implanted Layers of GaAs and Si....Pages 393-395 Influence of Carrier Recombination on the Pulsed Photothermal Beam Deflection Signal in Semiconductors....Pages 396-398 Thermal Diffusivity Measurements in Semiconductors — Influence of the Carrier Diffusion and Recombination....Pages 399-402 Low Frequency, Photothermal Measurement of Transport Properties of Crystalline Solar Cells....Pages 403-405 Photothermal Characterization of Materials Suitable for Thin Film Solar Cells....Pages 406-407 Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy and Electron Spin Resonance in Amorphous Silicon Based Alloys....Pages 408-410 Single Frequency Thermal Diffusivity Measurements in Semiconductors by Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy....Pages 411-413 Reflection and Transmission of Thermal Waves and Plasma Waves in Silicon Wafers....Pages 414-416 Out-of-Phase Photopyroelectric (PPE) Spectroscopy on Amorphous Semiconductors....Pages 417-419 Electron Acoustic Microscopy of Defects in Plastically Deformed Si Crystals....Pages 420-422 Nonlinear Photoacoustic Effect in Semiconductors: Second Harmonic Wave Behavior....Pages 423-425 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 Some Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Photothermal Imaging....Pages 429-435 Photoacoustic and Photothermal Investigations of Thin Films....Pages 436-446 Signal Enhancement and Noise Suppression Considerations in Photothermal Spectroscopy....Pages 447-462 Analytical Thermal Lens Spectrometry: Past, Present and Future Prospects....Pages 463-473 Stimulated Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Imaging in the Space, Time and Frequency Domain: A New Photothermal Probe....Pages 474-476 Photothermal Induced Frequency Conversion of a Double Modulated Laser Beam in Layer Structures....Pages 477-481 Cavity-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy: A Tool for High Sensitivity Experiments....Pages 482-484 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 A New Differential Probe System for the Detection of Thermal and Plasma Waves....Pages 485-488 Pulsed Photoacoustic Technique for the Measurement of Laser Damage Threshold in Bulk Polymers....Pages 489-491 Depth Profiling of Polymer Laminates by Step-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 492-496 Methodical Studies of the Alignment Problem and Data Filtering in Photothermal Beam Deflection Experiments....Pages 497-500 Nondestructive Testing of Electric Contacts by Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry....Pages 501-503 Radiometric Detection of Small-Amplitude Thermal Waves Between 500 K and 1000 K....Pages 504-508 Photothermal Imaging of Electric Current Distributions in Thin Metallic Films....Pages 509-511 Induction Heating as a Selective Heat Source in Fast Thermal Non-Destructive Evaluation....Pages 512-515 Competition Between Normal and Transverse Heat Flow in Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry (TRIR)....Pages 516-518 Real Time Thermal Wave Tomography....Pages 519-521 A Quantitative Analysis of Pulsed Video Thermographic Imaging of Subsurface Defects....Pages 522-524 Photodeflection and Interferometric Methods in Thermal Wave Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Solids....Pages 525-527 Photodeflection Signal Formation from Solids Within the Framework of Wave Optics....Pages 528-530 Pulsed Laser-Induced Temperature Changes Measured by the Photothermal Deformation Technique....Pages 531-533 Measurement of Thermal Diffusivities Using Transient Thermal Gratings....Pages 534-536 Measurement of the Thermal Radial Diffusivity of Anisotropic Materials by the Converging Thermal Wave Technique — Application to NDE: First Results in the Detection of Normal Cracks....Pages 537-540 Optimization of a Mirage Setup for Thermal Diffusivity Measurements....Pages 541-543 Inversion of Pulsed Thermal Wave Images for Recovery of the Shape of the Object....Pages 544-546 Energy Dependent Characteristics of Optoacoustic Pulses Measured by Optical Probe....Pages 547-549 Photopyroelectric Thermal Wave Spatial and Depth Resolved Imaging with Ray Optic Tomographic Reconstruction....Pages 550-552 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 Evaluation of Magnetic Disk Heads by Photoacoustic Microscope....Pages 553-555 Rate-Window Transient Thermomodulation Spectrometry: Technique and Measurements in Semiconductors....Pages 556-558 Open Photoacoustic Cell Spectroscopy of Transparent Samples....Pages 559-561 A Reliable Optothermal Sensor....Pages 562-564 Transferable Measurement System for Fast Non-Destructive Evaluation....Pages 565-567 High-Sensitivity Cell for Pulsed Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in Gases and Liquids....Pages 568-571 Modification of a Conventional Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer for Enhanced Photoacoustic Detection....Pages 572-577 Why Phase in Phase Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy?....Pages 578-582 Photoacoustic Investigation of the Evaporation Resistance of Monomolecular Lipid Layers....Pages 583-585 Photoacoustic Detection of Temperature Phenomena in Beeswax....Pages 586-589 Three Dimensional Acoustical Modelling of Resonant Photoacoustic Cells....Pages 590-592 Photoacoustic Signal Generation in a Long Open Tube....Pages 593-595 Dependence of the Photoacoustic Cell Constant on the Sample Gas....Pages 596-599 Characterisation of a Photochromic Triarylmethane Dye Sulphite and Its Application to the Visualisation of Water Flows....Pages 600-602 Photorefractive Lock-In Amplifier and Thermal Wave Microscope....Pages 603-606 Neural Networks in the Framework of Non-Destructive Evaluation from Photothermal Experiments....Pages 607-609 Pulsed Laser Machining by Training Artificial Neural Networks with the Help of the Thermal Diffusion Equation....Pages 610-613 Raster Thermowave Technique of Laser Spectroscopy....Pages 614-616 Front Matter....Pages 617-617 Photothermal Study of Heat Conduction, Diffusion, and Sorption in Thin Films and Porous Materials....Pages 619-627 Analysis of Photothermal Sensitivity in the Detection of Phase Transitions....Pages 628-630 Front Matter....Pages 617-617 Laser Induced Photoacoustic Effect During Ferroelectric Phase Transitions....Pages 631-633 A Nonlinearity in the Photoacoustic Effect at a First Order Phase Transition....Pages 634-636 The Anomalous Behaviour of the PPE Signal in the Critical Region of a Phase Transition — New Support for the General Theoretical Model....Pages 637-640 Photopyroelectric Study of a Phase Transition in Liquid Crystals....Pages 641-643 Photopyroelectric (PPE) Detection of the Antiferromagnetic 3D-2D Phase Transition in Single Crystal La 2 CuO 4 ....Pages 644-646 Acousto-Thermal Detection of the Magnetocaloric Effect....Pages 647-650 Physical Adsorption Detected by the Mirage Effect....Pages 651-653 Front Matter....Pages 655-655 Photothermal Detection at Surfaces and Interfaces: Developments in Non-Conventional Diagnostics....Pages 657-663 Heat Diffusion at a Micronic Scale....Pages 664-668 Photothermal Investigations of Realistic Interfaces....Pages 669-671 Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry to Measure the Properties of Thin Layered Films....Pages 672-678 Thermal “Superdiffusion” in the Vicinity of a Rough Surface....Pages 679-681 Thermal Diffusivities of Thin Gold Films....Pages 682-684 Photoacoustic Investigation of Thin Solid Films in Contact with Liquids....Pages 685-687 In Situ Measurement of Thin Film Growth by Photothermal Induced Frequency Conversion....Pages 688-691 Thermal Characterization of Thin Layers....Pages 692-694 Photodeflection Method Applied to Loss Characterization of Channel Waveguides....Pages 695-697 High Frequency Photothermal Reflectivity and Displacement Measurements on Thin Film Samples....Pages 698-701 Photoacoustic Measurement of the Energy Absorption of a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser at Cu and Al Surfaces....Pages 702-704 Directivity Pattern of OA Signals Accompanying Laser Induced Damage of a Thin Cr Film....Pages 705-707 Front Matter....Pages 655-655 Investigation of Surface Laser-Ablation Plumes Using High-Sensitivity Cavity-Enhanced Detection....Pages 708-710 The Thermal Resistance of Grain Boundaries Determined by Modulated Optical Reflectance....Pages 711-713 Determination of the Thickness, Density and Elastic Properties of Thin Films with Laser Generated Surface Acoustic Waves....Pages 714-716 Macro-, Meso- and Microscopic Heat Diffusion in Ceramics....Pages 717-720 Non-Destructive Evaluation of Microdefects in Ceramic Materials by Means of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 721-724 Anomalous Thermal Waves in Powdered Samples....Pages 725-727 Back Matter....Pages 729-732