Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena II : Proceedings of the 6th International Topical Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, July 31–August 3, 1989

Photothermal science continues to be an area of rapid development and active investigation, as is demonstrated by this volume. The various contributions present fundamental research in materials science, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as important applications of photothermal techniques in nondestructive evaluation, aeronomy and pollution control, and other areas. The topics treated include measurements of spectral properties of gases, the theory of thermally generated elastic waves, a method of monitoring local surface displacements, materials characterization and nondestructive evaluation of materials, studies of the dynamics of primary photophysical processes, fast energy exchange at surfaces and at interfaces (e.g. in medicine and photobiology), thermal EXAFS and XANES applied to metals and semiconductors, and imaging of magnetic materials using microwave sources. Front Matter....Pages I-XXI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Photothermal Imaging Using Microwave Detection....Pages 2-12 Micrometer Photoacoustic Imaging by Photodeformation: Application to Carbon-Carbon Composites....Pages 13-16 Photothermal Imaging of Local Thermal Resistances....Pages 17-20 Detection of Vertical Cracks in Ceramic Materials by the Mirage Effect....Pages 21-23 A Novel “Flying-Spot” Infrared Camera for Imaging Very Fast Thermal-Wave Phenomena....Pages 24-26 Characterization of Semiconductor Thin Films Using High-Frequency Photothermal-Optical-Beam-Deflection Imaging....Pages 27-29 Real-Time Thermal-Wave Imaging of Plasma-Sprayed Coatings and Adhesive Bonds Using a Box-Car Video Technique....Pages 30-32 Non-destructive Evaluation of the Distribution of Stress by Means of the Photoacoustic Microscope....Pages 33-36 Characterization of Metal Defects in Insulating Materials....Pages 37-39 Thermal Wave Characterization of Ceramics....Pages 40-43 Front Matter....Pages 45-45 Time-Domain Opto-thermal Spectro-radiometry....Pages 46-54 Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry for Characterization of Structured Materials....Pages 55-58 The Effect of Transverse Heatflow and the Use of Characteristic Times in Studying Multilayered-Coatings in the Time Domain....Pages 59-63 Photoacoustic Quantitative Depth Profiling of an Ion-Pair Adsorbed Polyvinylchloride Film Using an Approximation of the Inverse Laplace Transform....Pages 64-66 Depth Profiling of Opaque Multilayer Materials by Correlation Photoacoustics....Pages 67-70 Modelling of Sample Translucency, Substrate Absorption and Interface Defects for Thermal Wave Infrared Inspection of Thermal Barrier Coatings....Pages 71-73 Transient Thermal Wave Techniques for the Characterisation of Surface Coatings....Pages 74-77 Numerical Analysis of the Transient Thermal Response of Subsurface Defects....Pages 78-81 Measurement of the Thermal Diffusivity and Effusivity of Porous Bulk Materials....Pages 82-85 Photoacoustic Measurements of Thermophysical Properties Between Room Temperature and 1000K — Experimental Technique and First Results for Graphites....Pages 86-90 Front Matter....Pages 45-45 NDE Applications of High-Resolution Photoinductive Imaging....Pages 91-94 Nondestructive Evaluation of a Semi-infinite Buried Slab by Photothermal Deflection....Pages 95-98 Impulse Response Measurements Using Both Photoacoustic and Photothermal Deflection Methods....Pages 99-101 Front Matter....Pages 103-103 Mapping of Charge Profiles of Thin Electret Films by Sub-nanosecond Thermal Pulses....Pages 104-106 Reduction of the Photoacoustic Signal by the Evaporation Resistance of Thin Films on Liquids and Solids....Pages 107-109 Photopyroelectric Spectroscopy (PPES) of a-Si: H Thin Films on Quartz....Pages 110-112 Photothermal Deflection Method for Monitoring Photoelectronic and Nonradiative Energy Conversion in Semiconductor Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Cells....Pages 113-116 Photothermal Spectroscopy of Rhodamine 6G Dye in Organic and Inorganic Amorphous Films....Pages 117-119 Photoacoustic-Attenuated Total Reflection Study of Surface Roughness in Thin Metal Films....Pages 120-123 Thermal Wave Measurement of Diamond Films....Pages 124-126 Thermal Diffusivity of Thin Diamond Films....Pages 127-129 Thermal Diffusivity of CVD Diamond Films Using Thermal Wave Techniques....Pages 130-132 Measurements of the Absorption Distribution of Optical Thin Films by Scanning Photothermal Microscopy....Pages 133-137 Front Matter....Pages 139-139 High Resolution Thermal Wave Measurements and Imaging of Defects and Damage in Electronic Materials....Pages 140-145 Subsurface Defect Inspection in IC Devices with Thermal Wave Imaging....Pages 146-148 Temperature Effect on Photothermal Reflectance Signal: Application to Ion Implanted and Amorphous Silicon....Pages 149-152 Study of the Induced Damage and of the Annealing Kinetics of Defects in Ion Implanted Silicon Using the Photothermal Reflectance Technique....Pages 153-155 Subgap Amorphous Silicon Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy: Spatial Absorption Localization Studies....Pages 156-159 Subgap Absorption Spectra of Ion Implanted Si and GaAs Layers....Pages 160-162 Beam Deflection Investigation of the Dynamics of Carriers Photoexcited from Deep Centers in CdS: Cu + ....Pages 163-165 Front Matter....Pages 139-139 Axisymmetrical Modeling of a Photothermal Collinear Beam Deflection in a Semiconductor with the Use of a Fast Hankel Transform....Pages 166-169 Frequency Dependence of Amplitude and Phase of Photothermal-Optical-Beam-Deflection Signal....Pages 170-172 Determination of Optical and Thermal Properties of the GaAsSb/GaAs Heterostructure by Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy....Pages 173-176 Anomalous Properties of Amorphous Semiconductor Superlattices Characterized by Photoacoustic and Photothermal Spectra....Pages 177-179 Piezoelectric Photoacoustic Effect of Semiconductors in DC Electric Fields....Pages 180-182 Photoacoustic Study of the Glass Transition and Crystallization in Bulk Ge x Te 1-x and Si x Te 1-x Glasses....Pages 183-185 Front Matter....Pages 187-187 Spectroscopy of High T c Oxides and Plasma Frequency Determination....Pages 188-190 Imaging of Defects in Metallo-organic Thin Films by Photothermal Deflection....Pages 191-193 Laser Beam Deflection as a Probe of Laser Ablation of Materials....Pages 194-197 Specific Heat Jump in High T c Superconductors Measured by a Compensation Technique....Pages 198-201 Photothermal Measurements of High-T c Superconductors....Pages 202-204 Investigation of Surface Diffusivity of High T c Superconductivity Films by the “Mirage Effect”....Pages 205-207 Simultaneous Monitoring of Specific Heat, Thermal Conductivity, and Thermal Diffusivity Anomalies in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x Superconductors Using the Photopyroelectric Effect....Pages 208-210 Photopyroelectric Impulse Response Investigation of Single Crystal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x ....Pages 211-213 High Resolution Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Ho 2 O 3 and Nd 2 O 3 Powders with a Piezoelectric Detector....Pages 214-217 Separation of Surface Optical Absorption of BaYCuO Thin Film from Absorption of Substrate by Using the Phase of the Photoacoustic Signal....Pages 218-219 Front Matter....Pages 221-221 X-Ray Photoacoustics for Characterization and Non-destructive Evaluation....Pages 222-234 Photoacoustic X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure in CuInSe 2 ....Pages 235-237 Energy Transfer from Low Energy Noble Gas Ions to Gold Surfaces Using a Pyroelectric Calorimeter....Pages 238-240 Energy Deposition at Solid Surfaces Studied by cw-Photothermal Displacement Spectroscopy....Pages 241-244 Front Matter....Pages 221-221 Evaluation of the Temperature Dependence of Electron Acoustic Signals in Silicon by Use of a Capacitive Transducer....Pages 245-248 Optical Beam Deflection in Semiconductors with Electron Beam Excitation....Pages 249-253 Study of Magnetostatic Modes in Yttrium Iron Garnet by Photothermal Laser Beam Deflection....Pages 254-256 Detection of Nonthermal Microwave-Induced Photoacoustic Signals in Water....Pages 257-259 Front Matter....Pages 261-261 Laser-Generated Ultrasound: Toward Realistic Modeling....Pages 262-268 Transmission and Reflection Thermoacoustic Imaging of Metallic Samples....Pages 269-271 Thermoelastic Properties of a Two-Material Junction....Pages 272-274 Photoacoustic Evaluation of Aerogel-Glass Interfaces....Pages 275-277 A Beam Deflection Technique for Photo-acoustic Lamb Wave Measurements....Pages 278-281 Laser Induced Sheet Waves for Investigating Anisotropy in Polymer Film....Pages 282-285 Front Matter....Pages 287-287 Photoacoustic Monitoring of Polymerization Processes....Pages 288-290 Simultaneous Monitoring of Heat Capacity Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity over the Smectic A-Nematic Transition in Alkylcyanobiphenyl Liquid Crystals....Pages 291-293 Photoacoustic Measurement of the Glass Transition of Polymeric Materials....Pages 294-296 Photoacoustic Investigation of the Anisotropic Thermal Behavior of Liquid Crystals....Pages 297-299 Photopyroelectric Detection of Phase Transitions in Thermally Thick Solids....Pages 300-302 Phase Transition of GMO and TGS Crystals Studied by a Photothermal Beam-Deflection Technique....Pages 303-305 Anisotropic Thermal Diffusivity Measurements in a Discotic Liquid Crystal Using Photothermal Probe Beam Deflection....Pages 306-308 The Photoacoustic Signal of Fractal Structures....Pages 309-312 Effect of Sorption and Mass Diffusion in Porous Materials on the Photoacoustic Signal....Pages 313-315 Photothermal Measurments of Optical Absorption Losses in Laser Components....Pages 316-318 Front Matter....Pages 287-287 High-Sensitivity Photothermal Absorption Measurements on Curved Optical Thin Film Optics....Pages 319-321 Opto-Thermal Investigation of Dichroic Materials....Pages 322-325 Photoacoustic and EPR Investigation of Iron Oxide Doping of Soda-Lime Glasses....Pages 326-327 Pulsed Laser Photothermal Radiometry and Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy: Determination of Thermal Diffusivities of Liquids....Pages 328-330 Photothermal Deflection Method for Thermal Diffusivity Measurements: A Thermo-optical Classification of Solids....Pages 331-333 Front Matter....Pages 335-335 Photoacoustic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for High Precision Experiments....Pages 336-343 Frequency Domain Analysis of Acoustic Resonances Excited with Single Laser Pulses....Pages 344-346 Photopyroelectric Solid State Sensor for Hydrogen Gas Trace Detection....Pages 347-350 Photoacoustic and Mirage Effect on Liquids....Pages 351-353 Optoacoustic Raman Gain Spectroscopy with Pulsed Lasers....Pages 354-356 Spectrally Resolved Laser Photoacoustic Monitoring of NH 3 in Power Plant Emission....Pages 357-359 Two-Photon Absorption of Formaldehyde Using Pulsed Gas Phase Photoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 360-362 The Effect of Background Absorption on the Photoacoustic Measurement of Ammonia in the Atmosphere....Pages 363-365 Stack Gas Monitoring by Pulsed Laser Optoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 366-368 Photoacoustic Measurement of Plant Gas Exchange....Pages 369-371 Laser Photoacoustic Measurements in Plane Gas Jets....Pages 372-375 A Photothermal Study of the Photolysis of Bromine at 532 nm....Pages 376-378 Front Matter....Pages 379-379 Picosecond Transient Thermal Phase Grating Spectroscopy: From Proteins to Surfaces....Pages 380-388 Photothermal Energy Balance Analysis of Photvoltaic Cells....Pages 389-396 Calorimetric Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers....Pages 397-399 Front Matter....Pages 379-379 Measurement of the Quantum Yield of Triplet Formation of Transient Species by Using the Time-Resolved Thermal Lens Method....Pages 400-402 Characteristic Times of Non-radiative Processes as Studied by Correlation Photoacoustics....Pages 403-405 Optical Saturation in the Photothermal Spectroscopy of Fluorescent Materials....Pages 406-408 Production of Anisotropic Photoacoustic Pressure Waves by Photodissociation of Molecular Chlorine....Pages 409-412 Laser Induced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Actinides in Alkaline Solutions in an Electochemically Controlled Anaerobic Environment....Pages 413-415 Photoacoustic Study of Adatoms in Surface Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation....Pages 416-418 Front Matter....Pages 419-419 Laser-Tissue Interactions in the Nanosecond, Picosecond and Femtosecond Time Domains....Pages 420-427 Investigation of Human Tissues with Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy....Pages 428-430 The Application of Photoacoustic Detection in the Primary Diagnosis of Cancer....Pages 431-434 Photoacoustic Signals from Leaves and Time Domain Measurements of Photosynthetic Gas Exchange (Oxygen Evolution and Uptake)....Pages 435-438 Photoacoustic Signals of Leaves as Influenced by the Structure of the Leaf Tissue....Pages 439-441 Identification of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 442-444 Photothermal Colorimetry of Phosphorus and Ammonium in Aqueous Phase for Use in the Agricultural Practice....Pages 445-447 Enhanced Photobleaching of Hematoporphyrin IX in Intralipid: A Photoacoustic Study....Pages 448-450 Impact of Air Pollutants and Acid Rain on Corn and Sugar Maple Seedlings Assessed by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy....Pages 451-453 Scanning Microscopy of Adsorbed Water in Annual Rings of Wood....Pages 454-456 Intracavity Photoacoustic Trace Detection of C 2 H 4 at ppt Levels....Pages 457-459 Sensitive Laser Photoacoustic Stark Detection of Ammonia in the Air and in Open Top Fumigation Chambers....Pages 460-462 Optocalorimetric Methods for Registration of Phase Transitions in a Laser Irradiated Biomedical Medium....Pages 463-465 Front Matter....Pages 467-467 Photothermal Investigations: Why, When and How?....Pages 468-471 Front Matter....Pages 467-467 A Single Beam Interferometry of a Thermal Bump....Pages 472-478 Amplitude and Phase Modulation (AM-PM) Wideband Photothermal Spectrometry....Pages 479-485 Photoacoustic Waveforms from Laser Heated Particulate Matter....Pages 486-489 Real-Time Asynchronous/Synchronous Lock-In Thermal-Wave Imaging with an IR Video Camera....Pages 490-492 The Photothermal Deflection Dynamics of a Laser Beam: Application to Energy Relaxation Measurements....Pages 493-495 Fast Photothermal Measurement System for Nondestructive Evaluation....Pages 496-499 On Gas Viscosity and Residual Volume Effects in a Photoacoustic Cell....Pages 500-503 Fourier Transform Infrared Photopyroelectric Spectroscopy of Solids: A New Technique....Pages 504-506 Photopyroelectric Computerized Scanner for Contactless, Spatially Resolved Detection of Thermal Waves....Pages 507-510 Photothermal Wave Diffraction and Interference in Condensed Media....Pages 511-513 Standing Wave Excitation as a Means of Suppressing Volume Signals in Photothermal Detection....Pages 514-516 Optothermal Laser Spectrometer....Pages 517-518 Photothermal Spectroscopy and Calorimetry by Ultrasonics....Pages 519-521 The Resonant Photoacoustic Heat Pipe Cell for Spectral Investigation of Low Volatility Liquids and Solids....Pages 522-525 Fibre Optic Laser Generation of Thermal Waves and Their Infrared Detection....Pages 526-528 Measurement of the Photothermal Signal Phase Using Step-Scan Interferometry....Pages 529-532 A Rapid-Scan and High-Fidelity Dual-Mode Photoacoustic Microscope and Its Application to Paper Chromatography....Pages 533-536 Operational Diagram for Photopyroelectric Experiments with Periodic Excitation....Pages 537-538 Measurement of the Absolute Temperature Rise of Surface During Pulsed Laser Heating....Pages 539-541 Back Matter....Pages 543-549