Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century: Dalgarno, Wilkins, Leibniz (The New Synthese Historical Library Book 54)

This book discusses three linguistic projects carried out in the seventeenth century: the artificial languages created by Dalgamo and Wilkins, and Leibniz's uncompleted scheme. It treats each of the projects as self­ contained undertakings, which deserve to be studied and judged in their own right. For this reason, the two artificial languages, as well as Leib­ niz's work in this area, are described in considerable detail. At the same time, the characteristics of these schemes are linked with their intellectual context, and their multiple interrelations are examined at some length. In this way, the book seeks to combine a systematical with a historical ap­ proach to the subject, in the hope that both approaches profit from the combination. When I first started the research on which this book is based, I intended to look only briefly into the seventeenth-century schemes, which I assumed represented a typical universalist approach to the study of lan­ guage, as opposed to a relativistic one. The authors of these schemes thought, or so the assumption was, that almost the only thing required for a truly universal language was the systematic labelling of the items of an apparently readily available, universal catalogue of everything that exists. This book gives a clear and thorough description of three fascinating linguistic projects that were carried out in the seventeenth century: the philosophical languages of George Dalgarno (1661) and John Wilkins (1668), as well as the work of Leibniz in this area. These projects combined practical purposes, such as improving communication, with profound theoretical insights concerning the representation of knowledge and the nature of language. Rich in detail, this book provides all the material for a proper understanding of the workings of these schemes, while illuminating the intellectual context in which they took shape. It will be welcomed by anyone interested in the history of linguistics and philosophy of language Front Matter....Pages i-xv Introduction....Pages 1-5 The Background....Pages 7-29 Dalgarno: The Art of Signs....Pages 31-134 Wilkins: The Art of Things....Pages 135-266 Leibniz: The Art of Thinking....Pages 267-390 Concluding Remarks....Pages 391-394 Back Matter....Pages 395-419