Philosophia Translata: The Development of Latin Philosophical Vocabulary Through Translation from Greek: A Case Study Approach (Mnemosyne Supplements: ... Greek and Latin Language and Literature, 477)

The monograph is a new and comprehensive reference resource tracing the centuries-long evolution of Latin philosophical vocabulary from the translation of Greek. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, it examines formative Latin authors who created not only a new philosophical language, but entirely new ways of thinking. ‎Contents ‎Acknowledgements ‎Abbreviations of Reference Works ‎Introduction. Scope and Method ‎1. Scope of the Study ‎1.1. Plus Ultra: Christian Doctrinal Vocabulary ‎1.2. Bracketing Seneca ‎2. The ‘Case-Study’ Approach ‎3. Philosophical Latin as ‘Technical Vocabulary’? ‎4. Re-Interpreting Greek Philosophical Vocabulary in Latin: imitatio and aemulatio ‎5. Methodology ‎5.1. Defining Lexical Innovation ‎5.1.1. Calques (Loan Translations) versus Loan-Shifts ‎5.1.2. Compounding and Derivatives ‎5.1.3. Loan-Words and Loan-Blends ‎6. Syntactical Aspects ‎Chapter 1. A Preliminary Case Study Poetic Technique and Philosophical ‘Terminology’ in Lucretius ‎1. Lucretius’ egestas Trope and His Remarks on Lexical Innovation ‎2. The Limits of Lucretian Lexical Innovation ‎3. Lucretius’ Translation of Greek Philosophical Terms ‎3.1. Selected Lucretian Translation Practices ‎3.1.1. ἄτομος and Related Terms ‎3.1.2. Lucretian Semantic Augmentation through Metaphor ‎3.1.3. Potential Sense Translations of Epicurean Terms ‎3.1.4. ‘Variatio’ in Terminology: notities and notitia ‎3.1.5. Miscellaneous Translations ‎4. Egestas as a Reality or Trope in Lucretius ‎5. Lucretius and Greek Loan-Words and Chapter Summary ‎Chapter 2. Cicero and the Birth-Pangs of Latin Philosophical Vocabulary ‎1. Cicero’s Intellectual Milieu ‎2. Past Scholarship in Ciceronian Philosophical Translation ‎3. Cicero’s Philosophical Translations in Practice ‎3.1. A Ciceronian Translation ‘praxis’? ‎3.2. Multiple Translation and σωφροσύνη ‎3.3. Notio, Notitia ‎3.4. Officium: Roman (and Stoic) Virtue ‎3.5. Morbus, Perturbatio, πάθη, μελαγχολία ‎3.6. Translation Problems: ἐτυμολογία and εἶδος ‎3.7. Revision and Lexical Innovation with σοφίσματα ‎3.8. Beatitudo, qualitas, and the Notion of ‘Pseudo-Translation’ ‎3.9. A Note on Ciceronian Glossing: The ‘Pre-Emptive Defence’ Theory ‎4. The Ciceronian Legacy ‎Chapter 3. Translation Techniques in Practice: A Selective Commentary on Cicero’s Timaeus Translation ‎1. Ciceronian Translation Methods Analyzed ‎1.1. Loan-Words and Loan-Blends (Phonological Translation, Transference, Naturalization) ‎1.2. Collected Ciceronian Lexical Innovations ‎1.2.1. Morphological calques and Sense Translation Neologisms ‎1.2.2. Synonymy: Semantic Shifts, Extensions, Loan-Shifts ‎2. Lexical Innovation through Translation: Cicero’s Timaeus as Case Study ‎2.1. A Selective Lexical Commentary on Cicero’s Timaeus ‎2.1.1. The Eternal Exemplar and Its Everlasting Image ‎2.1.2. The ‘Likely Story’ of the Timaeus: probabile and similitudo veri ‎2.1.3. Oὐσία in Plato and Cicero ‎2.1.4. Unigena and Proportio ‎2.1.5. Materia and the ‘Mean’ ‎2.1.6. Latin Mathematical Vocabulary in Cicero’s Translation ‎2.1.7. Aspectibilis, concentio, temperatio, and the Creator ‎2.1.8. Lucifer, Cosmos, the Altrix, and Daimones ‎2.1.9. Translation of the Gods ‎2.1.10. ‘Fate’ in Cicero’s Translation ‎2.1.11. Cuneoli and the End of Cicero’s Timaeus ‎3. Chapter Summary ‎Chapter 4. Apuleius’ Translations of Greek Philosophical Vocabulary: A Case Study of the De Mundo, De Platone Et Eius Dogmate, and the Peri Hermeneias ‎1. Apuleius’ Approach to the Creation of Philosophical Vocabulary ‎2. The De Mundo: a Case Study of Apuleian Translation and Lexical Innovation ‎3. Lexical Commentary: Particular Linguistic Features of the De Mundo ‎3.1. Preface and Discussion of the Heavens (285–295) ‎3.2. Geography and Climate Exposition (296–309) ‎3.3. Geological and Meteorological Exposition; Harmony of the Universe (305–340) ‎3.4. The Creator of the Universe (341–374) ‎3.5. Summary ‎4. Selective Lexical Commentary: De Platone Et Eius Dogmate ‎4.1. The Opening Sections of the De Platone ‎4.2. Apuleius’ Mathematical Vocabulary ‎4.3. Senecan Echoes in Apuleius’ Glossing ‎4.4. Comments on Book 2 of the De Platone ‎4.5. Summary ‎5. Apuleius’ Peri Hermeneias ‎6. Chapter Summary ‎Chapter 5. Calcidius, Cicero, and the Timaeus: A Comparative Case Study ‎1. Calcidius as a Reader of Cicero ‎2. Comparing Lexical Innovation in Calcidius’ and Cicero’s Translations ‎2.1. Some Parallels between Calcidius’ and Cicero’s Versions ‎2.2. Differences in Lexical Choices between Calcidius’ and Cicero’s Version ‎3. Collected Lexical Innovations in Calcidius ‎4. Chapter Summary ‎Chapter 6. Boethius and the Language of Logic ‎1. Boethius’ Translation ‘Theory’? ‎2. ‘Originality’ in Boethius’ Translations ‎3. Potential Lexical Innovations Collected from Boethius’ Translations of Greek ‎3.1. Selected Quantitative Analysis of Boethius’ Lexical Innovations ‎3.2. Qualitative Analysis of Boethius’ Lexical Innovations ‎3.2.1. Morphological and Semantic Calques: Lexical Innovation and Augmentation ‎3.2.2. Generatio and factura ‎3.2.3. Semantic Extensions of Words from Non-Christian Sources ‎3.2.4. Comments on Boethius’ Usage of eligibilis (τὸ αἱρετόν) ‎4. A Comparison of Victorinus and Boethius’ Translations of the Isagoge ‎5. The Use of the -ivus Suffix and Greek Loan-Words in Boethius ‎6. Chapter Summary ‎Chapter 7. Concluding Remarks ‎1. The Trope of Latin Lexical egestas and the Influence of aemulatio ‎2. A Comparison of Latin ‘Translation Texts’ in the Case Study ‎3. Findings Compared with Other Technical Vocabularies ‎4. Summing up: Republican-Era Authors ‎5. Summing up: Imperial-Era and Late Antique Authors ‎6. Scope for Future Research ‎Appendices. Glossaries of Latin and Greek Philosophical Terms ‎Appendix 1. Collected Lexical Innovations—Lucretius ‎Appendix 2. Collected Lexical Innovations—Cicero ‎Appendix 3. Collected Lexical Innovations—Apuleius ‎Appendix 4. Collected Lexical Innovations—Calcidius ‎Appendix 5. Glossary of Lexical Innovations—Boethius ‎Definitions ‎Bibliography ‎Index of Names and Subjects ‎Index of Latin Sources How Latin philosophical vocabulary developed through the translation of Greek sources, the varieties of translation practices Roman philosophers favoured, and how these practices evolved over time are the overarching themes of this monograph. A first of its kind, this comparative study analyzes the creation of philosophical vocabulary in Lucretius, Cicero, Apuleius, Calcidius, and Boethius. It highlights a Latin literary tradition in which the dominance of Greek philosophical expression was challenged and renovated over time through the individual translation choices of different Latin authors. Included are full glossaries of Latin and Greek philosophical terms with explanatory notes for the reader.