Pharmacokinetic Principles of Dosing Adjustments: Understanding the Basics (Pharmacy Education Series)

This book has evolved over the last twenty years from a cumulative effort to develop a professional course in pharmacokinetics that would assist future practitioners in therapeutic decision making. As practicing pharmacists become more involved with patient advising, it becomes apparent that clinicians will be required to make dosing adjustments for certain drugs. This will become increasingly more likely as pharmacy practitioners have access to patient information that requires careful attention to dose and dosing interval, which in turn correlates to various pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and the volume of distribution of drugs. Although many handbooks are available on this subject, they do not devote more than a brief chapter to the concepts behind the dosing adjustment approach. Pharmacokinetic Principles of Dosing Adjustments provides the concepts used to formulate approaches. Equations that appear in various chapters are developed, not through lengthy derivations, but by more of an intuitive approach. The equations are presented in their conceptual form, rather than a separate convenient form applicable to each clinic situation. This method is used to demonstrate how you can apply the initial conditions to the properties of the drug, patient and/or route of administration, rather than memorizing each variation of the basic equation. The author defines pertinent pharmacokinetic terms as well as kinetic processes and classical modeling relevant to dosing adjustments. Examples are included within each chapter that emphasize an understanding of the concepts. Pharmacokinetic Principles of Dosing Adjustments was written for practitioners who operate in a setting that requires careful consideration to dosing parameters and, in particular, with patients that require constant monitoring of therapeutic outcomes including dosing adjustments. Based on the introductory course in pharmacokinetics taught by Dr. Schoenwald for the past twenty years, this book is intended as a review and resource for practicing pharmacists.

This book has evolved over the last twenty years from a cumulative effort to develop a professional course in pharmacokinetics that would assist future practitioners in therapeutic decision making. As practicing pharmacists become more involved with patient advising, it becomes apparent that clinicians will be required to make dosing adjustments for certain drugs. This will become increasingly more likely as pharmacy practitioners have access to patient information that requires careful attention to dose and dosing interval, which in turn correlates to various pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and the volume of distribution of drugs.

Although many handbooks are available on this subject, they do not devote more than a brief chapter to the concepts behind the dosing adjustment approach. Pharmacokinetic Principles of Dosing Adjustments provides the concepts used to formulate approaches. Equations that appear in various chapters are developed, not through lengthy derivations, but by more of an intuitive approach. The equations are presented in their conceptual form, rather than a separate convenient form applicable to each clinic situation. This method is used to demonstrate how you can apply the initial conditions to the properties of the drug, patient and/or route of administration, rather than memorizing each variation of the basic equation. The author defines pertinent pharmacokinetic terms as well as kinetic processes and classical modeling relevant to dosing adjustments. Examples are included within each chapter that emphasize an understanding of the concepts.

Pharmacokinetic Principles of Dosing Adjustments was written for practitioners who operate in a setting that requires careful consideration to dosing parameters and, in particular, with patients that require constant monitoring of therapeutic outcomes including dosing adjustments. Based on the introductory course in pharmacokinetics taught by Dr. Schoenwald for the past twenty years, this book is intended as a review and resource for practicing pharmacists.

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A textbook for a class introducing the concepts of pharmacokinetics to help future practitioners in therapeutic decision making, now that practicing pharmacists are becoming more involved with patient advising. Schoenwald (U. of Iowa) defines pertinent pharmacokinetic terms as well as kinetic processes and classical modeling relevant to dosing adjustments, introduces the concept of retrospective and prospective approaches to therapeutic drug monitoring and its application to dosing adjustments in renal insufficiency, and describes parenteral dosing. He concludes by discussing oral, single, and multiple dosing and exploring advanced topics such as the two- compartment model and the nonlinear dosing of phenytoin. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface I: Basic Concepts 1: Pharmacokinetic Processes Introduction Overview of Pharmacokinetic Processes Study Guide for Chapter 1 2: Kinetic Processes Applied to the Whole Body Introduction Classical Pharmacokinetic Models Justification for Application of a One-Compartment Model Study Guide for Chapter 2 3: Disposition Parameters of the One-Compartment Model Introduction Elimination Rate Constant Half-Life Volume of Distribution Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve Systemic Clearance Study Guide for Chapter 3 4: Parameters Used in Adjusting Doses Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and the Retrospective Approach Prospective Approach Urine Measurements of Drugs and Renal Clearance Dosage Adjustment in Renal Failure Hepatic Elimination and Dosing Adjustments Study Guide for Chapter 4 II: Parenteral Dosing Adjustments 5: Infusion Introduction Basic Infusion Principles Bolus Dose Plus Constant Rate Infusion Rapid Infusion Followed by Slow Infusion Intermittent Infusion Study Guide for Chapter 5 Ill: Oral Dosing 6: Important Parameters Introduction Fraction Absorbed (F) Absorption Rate Constant Factors Affecting the Absorption of Drugs Study Guide for Chapter 6 7: Bioavailability/bioequivalence Introduction Definitions Bioavailability Measurements Bioequivalence Generic Substitution Study Guide for Chapter 7 8: Multiple Dosing Regimens Introduction Superposition Principle and Multiple Dosing Multiple Dosing Factor Multiple Dosing Equations Accumulation Missed Dose Study Guide for Chapter 8 IV: Advanced Considerations 9: Two-Compartment Model Introduction Volumes of Distribution Ivinfusion: Two-Compartment Model Dosing Strategies Advanced Considerations Study Guide for Chapter 9 10: An Introduction to Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics Introduction Application to Phenytoin Dosing Regimens Single-Point Method Bayesian Approach Study Guide for Chapter 10 Appendix. Study Guide Solutions Index This book has evolved over the last twenty years from a cumulative effort to develop a professional course in pharmacokinetics that would assist future practitioners in therapeutic decision making. As practicing pharmacists become more involved with patient advising, it becomes apparent that clinicians will be required to make dosing adjustments for certain drugs. This will become increasingly more likely as pharmacy practitioners have access to patient information that requires careful attention to dose and dosing interval, which in turn correlates to various pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and the volume of distribution of drugs. Although many handbooks are available on this subject, they do not devote more than a brief chapter to the concepts behind the dosing adjustment approach. Pharmacokinetic Principles of Dosing Adjustments provides the concepts used to formulate approaches. Equations that appear in various chapters are developed, not through lengthy derivations, but by more of an intuitive approach. The equations are presented in their conceptual form, rather than a separate convenient form applicable to each clinic situation. This method is used to demonstrate how you can apply the initial conditions to the properties of the drug, patient and/or route of administration, rather than memorizing each variation of the basic equation. The author defines pertinent pharmacokinetic terms as well as kinetic processes and classical modeling relevant to dosing adjustments. Examples are included within each chapter that emphasize an understanding of the concepts.9 Explains the basic concepts that are necessary for adjusting dosing regimens. This book describes the steps required to adjust dosages when the recommended manufacturer's dose is inadequate. It defines pharmacokinetic terms, kinetic processes, and classical modeling relevant to dosing adjustments. ONCE the proper drug is chosen for a particular therapeutic situation, the patient inevitably responds to drug therapy because of the drug's pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties.