Petrarchism at Work : Contextual Economies in the Age of Shakespeare

The Italian scholar and poet Francesco Petrarch (1304–1374) is best remembered today for vibrant and impassioned love poetry that helped to establish Italian as a literary language. Petrarch inspired later Renaissance writers, who produced an extraordinary body of work regarded today as perhaps the high-water mark of poetic productivity in the European West. These "Petrarchan" poets were self-consciously aware of themselves as poets—as craftsmen, revisers, and professionals. As William J. Kennedy shows in Petrarchism at Work , this commitment to professionalism and the mastery of poetic craft is essential to understanding Petrarch's legacy. Petrarchism at Work contributes to recent scholarship that explores relationships between poetics and economic history in early-modern European literature. Kennedy traces the development of a Renaissance aesthetics from one based upon Platonic intuition and visionary furor to one grounded in Aristotelian craftsmanship and technique. Their polarities harbor economic consequences, the first privileging the poet's divinely endowed talent, rewarded by the autocratic largess of patrons, the other emphasizing the poet's acquired skill and hard work. Petrarch was the first to exploit the tensions between these polarities, followed by his poetic successors. These include Gaspara Stampa in the emergent salon society of Venice, Michelangelo Buonarroti in the "gift" economy of Medici Florence and papal Rome, Pierre de Ronsard and the poets of his Pléiade brigade in the fluctuant Valois court, and William Shakespeare and his contemporaries in the commercial world of Elizabethan and early Stuart London. As Kennedy shows, the poetic practices of revision and redaction by Petrarch and his successors exemplify the transition from a premodern economy of patronage to an early modern economy dominated by unstable market forces.

The Italian scholar and poet Francesco Petrarch (1304–1374) is best remembered today for vibrant and impassioned love poetry that helped to establish Italian as a literary language. Petrarch inspired later Renaissance writers, who produced an extraordinary body of work regarded today as perhaps the high-water mark of poetic productivity in the European West. These "Petrarchan" poets were self-consciously aware of themselves as poets—as craftsmen, revisers, and professionals. As William J. Kennedy shows in Petrarchism at Work, this commitment to professionalism and the mastery of poetic craft is essential to understanding Petrarch’s legacy.

Petrarchism at Work contributes to recent scholarship that explores relationships between poetics and economic history in early-modern European literature. Kennedy traces the development of a Renaissance aesthetics from one based upon Platonic intuition and visionary furor to one grounded in Aristotelian craftsmanship and technique. Their polarities harbor economic consequences, the first privileging the poet’s divinely endowed talent, rewarded by the autocratic largess of patrons, the other emphasizing the poet’s acquired skill and hard work. Petrarch was the first to exploit the tensions between these polarities, followed by his poetic successors. These include Gaspara Stampa in the emergent salon society of Venice, Michelangelo Buonarroti in the "gift" economy of Medici Florence and papal Rome, Pierre de Ronsard and the poets of his Pléiade brigade in the fluctuant Valois court, and William Shakespeare and his contemporaries in the commercial world of Elizabethan and early Stuart London. As Kennedy shows, the poetic practices of revision and redaction by Petrarch and his successors exemplify the transition from a premodern economy of patronage to an early modern economy dominated by unstable market forces.

This Book Will Focus On Competing Claims About Quicksilver Eloquence, Vatic Inspiration, And Hermeneutic Skills Among Renaissance Poets, And Upon Choices That They Made For Their Writing, Their Literary Careers, And The Professionalization Of Their Craft. Its Ground Is The Intersection Of Aesthetics And Economics In European Renaissance Poetry, And Its Principal Actors Are Francesco Petrarch, Gaspara Stampa, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pierre De Ronsard And William Shakespeare--introduction. The Marketplace Of Mercury -- Petrarch And Italian Poetry -- Petrarch As Homo Economicus -- Making Petrarch Matter: The Parts And Labor Of Textual Revision -- Jeweler's Daughter Sings For Doge: Gaspara Stampa's Entrepreneurial Poetics -- Incommensurate Gifts: Michelangelo And The Economy Of Revision -- Pierre De Ronsard And Pléiade Aesthetics -- Polished To Perfection: Ronsard's Investment In Les Amours -- Ronsard Furieux: Interest In Ariosto -- Passions And Privations: Writing Sonnets Like A Pro In Les Amours De Marie -- The Smirched Muse: Commercializing Sonnets Pour Hélène -- Shakespeare's Sonnets And The Economy Of Petrarchan Aesthetics -- To Possess Is Not To Own: The Cost Of The Dark Lady And The Young Man -- Polish And Skill: Will's Interest And Self-interest In Sonnets 61-99 -- Owning Up To Furor: The Poets' War And Its Aftermath In Sonnets 100-126 -- Shakespeare As Professional: The Economy Of Revision In Sonnets 1-60 -- Mercurial Economies. William J. Kennedy. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 323-325) And Index.