PET/CT in Lung Cancer (Clinicians’ Guides to Radionuclide Hybrid Imaging)

This concise, excellently illustrated pocket book provides an up-to-date summary of the science and practice of PET/CT imaging in lung cancer. The coverage encompasses the entire spectrum of lung cancer – pathology, radiological and PET/CT imaging, and management. Readers will also find information on the physics of PET and its use in respiratory gating and radiotherapy planning. The highlights of the book are the exquisite depiction of normal variants, pitfalls, and artifacts and a pictorial atlas of the various types of lung cancer and their manifestations. The contributing authors are well-known and experienced oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and nuclear physicians. This book has been compiled under the auspices of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It will be of high value for nuclear physicians, radiologists, referring clinicians and oncologists, and paramedical staff working in these fields Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Contents Editors and Contributors 1: Lung Cancer: An Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Subtypes of Lung Cancer 1.3 Risk Factors 1.4 Clinical Features 1.5 Staging of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer 1.6 Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer References 2: Pathology of Lung Cancer 2.1 Background 2.2 Role of Pathologist in Today’s Era of Personalized Medicine 2.3 New 2015 WHO Classification of Lung Cancer Recommendations 2.4 Molecular Work-Up for the Lung References 3: Management of Lung cancer 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Diagnosis 3.3 Radiological Diagnosis 3.4 Pathologic Diagnosis 3.5 Staging 3.6 Lung Cancer Staging System [9] (Table 3.1) 3.7 Management 3.7.1 Early-Stage Lung Cancer 3.7.1.1 Surgery 3.7.1.2 Nonsurgical Management Radiotherapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) Radiofrequency Ablation Adjuvant Chemotherapy Adjuvant Radiotherapy 3.7.2 Management of N2 Disease 3.7.3 Management of Locally Advanced Unresectable Lung Cancer 3.7.4 Management of Stage IV Disease 3.7.5 Small Cell Lung Cancer References 4: Radiological Imaging in Lung Cancer 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Imaging of the Primary Tumour 4.2.1 CT Features of Mediastinal Invasion on CT 4.2.2 Superior Sulcus Tumours (Pancoast’s Tumours) 4.3 Imaging of Nodal Disease 4.3.1 Nodal Sampling 4.4 Imaging of Metastatic Disease 4.5 Restaging of Tumours 4.6 Imaging of Recurrent Disease References 5: 18F-FDG PET/CT in Lung Cancer 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 5.3 Staging of NSCLC 5.3.1 T Staging 5.3.2 N Staging 5.3.3 M Staging 5.4 Radiotherapy (RT) Planning 5.5 Prediction of Response and Treatment Response Evaluation 5.6 Restaging/Recurrence 5.7 Prognostication 5.8 Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) References 6: 18F-FDG PET/CT: Normal Variants, Artifacts, and Pitfalls in Lung Cancer 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Normal Variants, Artifacts, and Pitfalls in Lung Cancer 6.2.1 Technical Artifacts 6.2.2 Various False Positives Due to Infection and Inflammation 6.2.3 Incidental Findings 6.2.3.1 Asymmetrical Vocal Cord Uptake 6.2.4 Benign Etiologies Mimicking Distant Metastases in Lung Cancer 6.2.5 False-Negative Neoplastic Pathology References 7: Physics of PET and Respiratory Gating 7.1 PET Physics 7.2 Reconstruction 7.3 PET Tracers 7.4 PET Images 7.5 Respiratory Gating 7.6 Recent Developments References 8: Lung Cancer Pictorial Atlas 8.1 Case 1: Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis 8.2 Case 2: Mass-Like Lesions of Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer 8.3 Case 3: Various Appearances of Adenocarcinoma In Situ: AIS (Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma, BAC) 8.4 Case 4: Use of PET to Direct the Appropriate Site of Biopsy 8.5 Case 5: Staging PET/CT in Lung Cancer Detects Asymptomatic Distant Metastases 8.6 Case 6: Staging PET/CT in Lung Cancer Detects Asymptomatic Distant Metastases 8.7 Case 7: Staging PET/CT in Lung Cancer Detects a Second Primary Malignancy in the Urinary Bladder 8.8 Case 8: Staging PET/CT in Lung Cancer Detects a Second Primary Malignancy in the Cecum 8.9 Case 9: Staging PET/CT in Lung Cancer with False-Positive Tuberculous Mediastinal Adenopathy 8.10 Case 10: Postradiation Therapy Changes in Lung Cancer 8.11 Case 11: Locoregionally Advanced Lung Cancer After Chemoradiation Therapy, Solitary Distant Failure with Complete Response at Primary Site 8.12 Case 12: Metastatic Lung Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy, Solitary Distant Failure with Stable Locoregional Disease Index