Perspectives on Neoliberalism, Labour and Globalization in India : Essays In Honour of Lalit K. Deshpande

This book employs a variety of perspectives such as Institutional, Social Democratic, Marxist, Gender and Informal, Biblical and Dalit, to critically examine the impact of neo-liberal globalisation on both formal and informal sectors of the labour market and the industrial relations system. The narratives not only interrogate current institutions and paradigms, but also outline future developments.-- Provided by publisher Profile of Prof. Lalit Deshpande 6 Foreword 15 Acknowledgements 35 Praise for Perspectives on Neoliberalism, Labour and Globalization in India 38 Contents 44 Editor and Contributors 46 Abbreviations 49 List of Figures 53 List of Tables 54 Chapter 1 Introduction: Contesting Neoliberalism and Search for Alternatives—An Overview of Conversations 55 Globalization and Neoliberalism 55 Globalization, Neoliberalism and Labour: Power of Ideas and Institutions 57 About the Contributions 64 Final Observations 83 References 85 Chapter 2 Twenty-First-Century Capitalist Development: Upon the Backs of, and Against, Global Labour 91 Introduction 91 Global Capitalism: Global Wealth, Global Poverty 93 The GDI and Global Poverty Analysis 94 Class Analysis and Global Labour 96 Capital-Centred Development Theory 100 Market-Led Development 100 Statist Political Economy 102 Labour-Led Development: Theory and Practice 104 Conclusions 109 References 109 Chapter 3 Labour–Capital Conflict and Permeation of Class in Marxian Categories 114 Introduction 114 Class Construct of Economic Categories 116 Mediation of Class-Determining Value and Profit 120 Rise of ‘Social Labour’ and Class Conflict 123 Concluding Remarks 128 References 130 Chapter 4 Industrial Relations and Globalization: A Marxist Perspective 132 Introduction: Globalization and Labour 132 Labour, Industrial Relations and Marxism 136 Industrial Relations ‘Old’ and ‘New’ and Their Metaphors 138 Beyond ‘Old’ and ‘New’: Towards a Contemporary Marxian IR Theory 139 Theory in Context: Contemporary Production System(s) 142 Envisioning Marxist IR in the Time of Globalization 144 In Conclusion 147 References 149 Chapter 5 Labour, Capital and State in Neoliberal India: Some Reflections on Recent Developments 151 Introduction 151 Neoliberalism and Labour Market in India 156 The Role of State and Labour Law Reforms 160 Reforms and Trade Unions 166 Conclusions 167 Appendix 168 References 171 Chapter 6 The Great Transformation in Our Time and the Possibilities for the Renewal of Social Democracy 174 Introduction: Polanyi’s ‘Great Transformation’ and Our Troubled Times 174 The Great Transformation: Market Fundamentalism and the ‘Double Movement’ of Modern History 176 From ‘Embedded Liberalism’ to the Second Coming of Market Fundamentalism 179 The Disembedding of the Economy, Social Dislocation and Ecological Crisis Under Neoliberalism 182 Where Is the Countermovement? 185 A Social Democratic Countermovement? Possibilities in the ‘South’ 187 References 192 Chapter 7 Towards a Theology of Work Based on the Bible and Social Teachings of the Church 195 Introduction 195 Part I: Church’s Perspective on Globalization and Its Impact on the World 197 Church’s Views on Globalization 198 Populorum Progressio (Paul VI 1967, March 26) 199 Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church (2005) 201 Caritas in Veritate (Benedict XVI 2009, June 29) 202 Pope Francis (2013–) 203 Church’s Perspective on Labour, Unions and Rights in a Globalized World 204 Part II: The Biblical Understanding of Work and Human Dignity 209 Creation and Human Dignity 209 Theology of Work Based on the Old Testament (OT) 211 Theology of Work Based on the New Testament (NT) 212 Part III: The Social Teaching of the Church on the Dignity of Work 214 Rerum Novarum (Pope Leo XIII 1891) 214 Part IV: Work, Human Dignity and Global Solidarity: Implications for Management 218 Concluding Challenges 220 References 221 Chapter 8 The Future of the ILO: A Renewed Purpose in Promoting a Global Living Wage 225 Introduction 225 Normative Basis for Living Wages 226 Problems with Minimum Wage Legislation 227 A Case Study of Minimum Wage Setting in India 229 A Global Collective Action Problem 233 A Proposal for an International Law Promoting a Global Living Wage 234 A Renewed Role for the ILO 235 Incentives for Compliance 236 Incentives for Workers’ Organizations to Take Action 236 Enforcement: Global Living Wage Dispute Mechanism 237 Ratcheting Up Domestic Supply Chain Enforcement Strategies 239 National-Level Enforcement 240 Redress 241 Extraterritorial Powers 242 Positive Duties 242 Workers Not Employees 243 Benefits of a Specialist Tribunal 243 Incentives for Compliance Activities 244 Supply Chain Collective Agreements 245 Other Orders 245 Training and Assistance 246 Performance Standards and Industry Codes of Conduct 246 Suspension of Intellectual Property or Import Licences 247 Role for the ILO 249 Conclusion 250 References 251 Chapter 9 An Internationally Comparative Framework for Analysing Employment Relations and the Gig Economy 256 Introduction 256 The Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) Approach 257 Towards a Multi-level Analysis of Comparative Employment Relations (ER) 258 National Institutions 259 Sectoral Institutions 261 Transnational Institutions 262 Institutional Intersections 263 Development of the ‘Gig’ Economy 264 Conclusions 267 References 269 Chapter 10 The Trajectories of Industrial Relations: China and India 274 Introduction 274 Evolution of Industrial Relations in China and India 276 India 276 1880s–1930s Colonial Origins of Indian Industrial Relations 276 1947–1960s: Post-independence Labour Relations—Institutionalization 277 1960–1980s: Indian Industrial Relations—Unintended Consequences 278 1980–1991 Indian Industrial Relations—Variation 279 1991–2014, Indian Industrial Relations: Towards Neoliberalism 280 2014–Present; Indian Industrial Relations—Solidifying Deregulation in the Formal Sector 282 China 284 Pre-1978: Chinese Industrial Relations—The Iron Rice Bowl 284 1978–1994: Chinese Industrial Relations: The Beginnings of Change 285 1995–2006: Chinese Industrial Relations: From Iron Rice Bowl to Informalization 286 2006–2015 Chinese Industrial Relations: A Period of Reform 287 2016–Present: Chinese Industrial Relations: Towards Repression 292 Conclusions 294 Appendix 297 References 299 Chapter 11 Labour in GVCs: An Analytical Framework 303 Introduction 303 Background 304 Task-Based Distribution of Income 306 Governance Systems and Knowledge 308 Employment Relations 309 Captive Value Chains 309 Modular Value Chains 310 Relational Value Chains 311 Women in GVCs 311 An Analytical Framework for Labour in GVCs 311 The Knowledge-Employment Quality Framework: India 314 Structure and Agency 315 Conclusions 317 References 317 Chapter 12 Globalization, Workspace Transformation and Informal Workers: A Reversal of Gender Roles 320 Introduction 320 New International Division of Labour—An Agenda of Neoliberalization 321 Gender and Global Restructuring: Feminist Discourses 324 Visible Forms of Invisible Labour—Gender and Informalization Process 329 Understanding Class and Labour Using the Gender Lens 331 Gender and Labour: Spatial and Temporal Discourse 334 Reversal of Gender Roles and the Need for Subversive Practices in Labour 339 References 341 Chapter 13 State, Market and Labour: A Dalit Perspective 345 Caste System in India 345 Untouchability and Caste in Modern India 346 From Untouchables to Scheduled Castes (SCs) 347 Constitutional Remedies, Social Change and Mobility of Dalits 349 Dalits, Economic Development and Labour Market: 1950–1990 353 Globalization, Dalits and Labour Market: 1990s–Present 357 Is Globalization Good for Dalits? 360 Conclusion and Way Forward 364 References 365 Front Matter ....Pages i-lix Introduction: Contesting Neoliberalism and Search for Alternatives—An Overview of Conversations (K. R. Shyam Sundar)....Pages 1-36 Twenty-First-Century Capitalist Development: Upon the Backs of, and Against, Global Labour (Benjamin Selwyn)....Pages 37-59 Labour–Capital Conflict and Permeation of Class in Marxian Categories (Satyaki Roy)....Pages 61-78 Industrial Relations and Globalization: A Marxist Perspective (V. Janardhan)....Pages 79-97 Labour, Capital and State in Neoliberal India: Some Reflections on Recent Developments (Praveen Jha)....Pages 99-121 The Great Transformation in Our Time and the Possibilities for the Renewal of Social Democracy (John Harriss)....Pages 123-143 Towards a Theology of Work Based on the Bible and Social Teachings of the Church (Oswald A. J. Mascarenhas, Doris D’Souza, Nelson A. D’Silva)....Pages 145-174 The Future of the ILO: A Renewed Purpose in Promoting a Global Living Wage (Shelley Marshall, Delphine Weil-Accardo)....Pages 175-205 An Internationally Comparative Framework for Analysing Employment Relations and the Gig Economy (Chris F. Wright, Greg J. Bamber, Nick Wailes, Russell D. Lansbury)....Pages 207-224 The Trajectories of Industrial Relations: China and India (Sarosh Kuruvilla)....Pages 225-253 Labour in GVCs: An Analytical Framework (Dev Nathan)....Pages 255-271 Globalization, Workspace Transformation and Informal Workers: A Reversal of Gender Roles (Sonia George)....Pages 273-297 State, Market and Labour: A Dalit Perspective (Rahul Sapkal, Daksha Parmar)....Pages 299-322