Perspectives on Music, Sound and Musicology: Research, Education and Practice (Current Research in Systematic Musicology, 10)

This book gathers a set of works highlighting significant advances in the areas of music and sound. They report on innovative music technologies, acoustics, findings in musicology, new perspectives and techniques for composition, sound design and sound synthesis, and methods for music education and therapy. Further, they cover interesting topics at the intersection between music and computing, design and social sciences. Chapters are based on extended and revised versions of the best papers presented during the 6th and 7th editions of EIMAD–Meeting of Research in Music, Arts and Design, held in 2020 and 2021, respectively, at the School of Applied Arts in Castelo Branco, Portugal. All in all, this book provides music researchers, educators and professionals with authoritative information about new trends and techniques, and a source of inspiration for future research, practical developments, and for establishing collaboration between experts from different fields. Preface Contents Musicology The Music for the Holy Week of Manuel de Tavares 1 Manuel de Tavares’s Life 2 Description of Sources 3 The Genres of Liturgical Music and the Description of Musical Contents 4 Counterpoint Texture, Types of Writing, and Macro-formal Structure 5 The Use of the Modality 6 Metric Punctuation and Clauses 7 Thematic and Motive Materials 8 The Expressive Relationship Between Text and Music 9 Conclusion References Telemann’s Fantasia No 2 à Travers Sans Basse: Compositional Intentions, Performance Characteristics and Audio Footprint Signal Processing Analysis 1 Introduction 2 The Research Focus 3 Methodology 4 Data Characteristics and Implementation Issues 5 Results 5.1 Axis 1: Music Analysis Results 5.2 Axis 2: Advanced Signal Processing Analysis Results 6 Conclusive Remarks References The Sounds of the Baroque Tiles. An Iconographic Itinerary of St. Victor’s Church, Braga, Portugal 1 Introduction 2 St. Victor’s Church and the Martyrdom of Its Patron 3 The Musical Representations in the Tile Covering 4 Musical Motives Represented in the Panel Dedicated to St. Rosendo 5 Conclusions References Portraits of Male and Female Musicians in Portuguese Paintings from the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 1 Portraits and Self-portraits in Portugal in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: An Overview 2 Group Portraits of Male and Female Musicians in Portugal in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 3 Individual Portraits and Effigies of Professional and Amateur Musicians in Portugal 4 Portraits of Female Musicians in Portuguese Painting: Amateurs and Muses 5 Conclusions 6 Attachments References Amália Rodrigues in 2020—Mapping Some Ingenuously Improbable Portraits of the Fado Diva 1 Musical Iconography and the Art of Representing Female Musicians 2 Amália Rodrigues and her Ingenuously Improbable Portraits 3 Conclusion Bibliography Music and Sound Creation and Technology MicroSonic Spaces: Towards an Autonomous Ecosystem of Virtual Sonic Agents 1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 Technology 3.1 Graphics 3.2 Sound setup 3.3 User Interaction 4 Sound Design 4.1 Autonomous life 4.2 Interaction 4.3 Background sound 5 Exhibitions 5.1 Castelo Branco 5.2 MicroSonic Spaces AV 6 Conclusions References Musicking with Plants 1 Rooting Ideas 2 Music and Plants 3 Interlude 4 Our Work, so Far 5 Elicitor #1: Visuals Generated from Plant Physiological Signals 6 Elicitor #2: Visuals Generated from Plant Imaginary 7 Elicitor #3: Sonification of Plant Physiological Signs 8 Elicitor #4: Touching the Plant 9 Elicitor #5: Morphology of Plants and Their Name/Words 10 Elicitor #6: Creation of Imaginary Soundscapes from Aspects of Plant Growth 11 Our Work, in the Near Future 12 Conclusions References Composition as Artistic Device 1 Introduction 2 The Paper Exercise 3 Music with a Programme 4 Absolute Zero 5 Concrete Sounds, Abstract Music 6 Real World Sounds 7 Relations and Concepts 8 The Artistic Device 9 Expanded Practices 10 Conclusion References Sound Intensity and Loudness of Musical Tones 1 Introduction 2 Auditory Sensitivity 2.1 Area of Audibility 2.2 Just-Noticeable Difference in Intensity 3 Relationship Between Loudness and Physical Parameters 3.1 Loudness and Sound Pressure 3.2 Loudness Level: Phons 3.3 Loudness of Complex Tones 4 Processing in the Peripheral and Central Auditory Nervous System 5 Conclusion References A Review of Musical Rhythm Representation and (Dis)similarity in Symbolic and Audio Domains 1 Introduction 2 Encoding Rhythm 3 Rhythmic Representation from Symbolic Music Manifestations 3.1 Representing Rhythm as Formal Strings 3.2 Representing Rhythm as Geometric Models 4 Rhythmic Representations from Musical Audio Manifestations 4.1 Low-level Representation of Rhythmic Description 4.2 Mid-level Representation of Rhythmic Description 5 Similarity Metrics for Musical Rhythm Representations 5.1 Feature-Based Distance Metrics 5.2 Transformation-Based Distance Metrics 6 Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Challenges References On the Use of Automatic Onset Detection for the Analysis of Maracatu de Baque Solto 1 Introduction 2 Maracatu Percussion Instruments and Signal Acquisition 3 Semi-automatic Onset Detection in Maracatu 3.1 Motivation 3.2 ``Off the Shelf'' Onset Detection 3.3 Maracatu-Specific Onset Detection 3.4 Precise Temporal Localisation 3.5 Semi-automatic Onset Annotation Pipeline 4 Evaluation of Automatic Onset Detection Methodology in Maracatu 5 Microtiming Visualisation in Maracatu 6 Conclusions References 3D Modeling Techniques for the Characterization and Sound Synthesis of Timbila Bars 1 Introduction 2 Chopi Timbila Xylophone 3 Reverse-Engineering Procedure 3.1 3D Surface Scanning 3.2 Geometry Features Extraction 3.3 3D Finite Element Modeling and Modal Computations 4 Experimental Modal Analysis 5 Tuning Analysis 6 Physics-Based Sound Synthesis 6.1 Timbila Bar Dynamics 6.2 Mallet Dynamics 6.3 Mallet/bar Interaction Force 6.4 Numerical Results 7 Conclusions References Reducing Annoyance of Healthcare Soundscapes with Harmonious Alarms 1 Introduction 1.1 Designing Positive Healthcare Soundscapes 1.2 Aim 2 Current Clinical Auditory Alarms and Guidelines 2.1 IEC 60601-1-8 Clinical Alarm Design Guidelines 2.2 Alarms and Musical Cognition 2.3 Annoyance 3 Harmonious Sound Design 3.1 Lessons Learned from Music 3.2 Harmonizing Auditory Icons 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Music Education and Intersection Areas The Music Training of General Primary Education Teachers: A Case Study at a Spanish University 1 Introduction 1.1 Methodology 2 The Context 2.1 Degree Offering 2.2 Master Studies 2.3 Practicum 2.4 Internationalisation 2.5 University Extension 3 The Case: Training General Teachers at Palencia’s Faculty of Education 3.1 The Students 3.2 The Teaching Staffs 3.3 The Music Classroom as a Place of Learning 3.4 Teaching 4 Results 4.1 Is the Musical Training Enough? 4.2 Didactic Content versus Theoretical Content: Where Is the Balance? 4.3 Technology as a Mediator in the Learning Musical Process 4.4 Are Students Trained in Creativity? 4.5 Autonomy and Responsibility 4.6 Beyond the Occidental Cultured Music 5 Conclusions References Artistic Music Projects and Their Educational, Cultural and Social Relevance 1 Introduction 2 Community Music Initiatives in Education 3 Collaboration and Cooperation Relationships. Research and Shared Benefits of Knowledge: Artistic Music Projects 3.1 R&D&i Project Re-inhabiting the Neighbourhood: Processes of Transformation and Empowerment Between University-School-Society Through Artistic Practices. UniESocied-Art 3.2 R&D&i Project Multidimensional Analysis of the Socio-Educational Impact of Community Music Initiatives and Service Learning in the School: The MUSIQUEM Programme References The Peripheral Curriculum: Music Education as a Way of Transformation and Social Justice in Children’s Lives 1 Introduction: About Equality 2 About Repertoire and Participation, Music Listening and Music Making 3 About the Democratization of Music Education Through Instrumental Music References A Holistic and Multidisciplinary Approach to Children Music Education 1 Introduction 2 Problematic and Objectives 3 Traditional Education vs. Holistic Education 3.1 Traditional Education 3.2 Holistic Education 3.3 Traditional Education Holistic Critique 4 Holistic Oriented Didactic Intervention 5 Conclusion References Teaching Piano Through Letters: An Innovative Educational Tool by Carl Czerny 1 Introduction 2 Czerny’s Teaching Style 3 The Letters to a Young Lady on the Art of Playing the Pianoforte 3.1 The Addressee of the Letters 3.2 Structure and Content of the Letters 4 Final Remarks References Transtherapy of Music as a Benefit Beyond Ears and Senses 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Edgar Morin’s Theory of Complexity 3 Focus of the Chapter 3.1 The “Trans” Efficacy of Music and Its Complexity I (Time, Communication, Aesthetics, Texture and What Transcends) 3.2 The “Trans” Efficacy of Music and Its Complexity II (Effects of Music on Plants, Benefits of Intrauterine and Neonatal Therapy) 4 Solutions and Recommendations 4.1 Music Therapy as an Intervention 4.2 Music Therapy as a Relationship Between the Professional and the Patient 4.3 Music Therapy for Health Professionals 4.4 The Music Therapist in His Relationship with Music 4.5 Music Therapy as Caring (Patients, Companions and Family) 4.6 Music Therapy and Bioethics 4.7 Music Therapy and Its Results 5 Future Research Directions 6 Conclusion References Development of a Musical Instrument to Apply to Music Therapy 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Design as a Tool for Music Therapy 4 Development 5 Designing an Instrument for Music Therapy 6 Project 7 Discussion 8 Conclusion References Notes on the Relationships Between Design and Music 1 Introduction 2 Towards the Problem of Design and Music Analogies 3 Music and Conceptual Metaphor Theory 4 Epistemic Virtues and Organicism in Schoenberg's Op. 7 5 Conclusions References This book gathers a set of works highlighting significant advances in the areas of music and sound. They report on innovative music technologies, acoustics, findings in musicology, new perspectives and techniques for composition, sound design and sound synthesis, and methods for music education and therapy. Further, they cover interesting topics at the intersection between music and computing, design and social sciences. Chapters are based on extended and revised versions of the best papers presented during the 6th and 7th editions of EIMAD Meeting of Research in Music, Arts and Design, held in 2020 and 2021, respectively, at the School of Applied Arts in Castelo Branco, Portugal. All in all, this book provides music researchers, educators and professionals with authoritative information about new trends and techniques, and a source of inspiration for future research, practical developments, and for establishing collaboration between experts from different fields