Perspectives in Antiinfective Therapy : Bayer AG Centenary Symposium Washington, D. C., Aug. 31–Sept. 3, 1988

Pharmaceutical research has a long-standing tradition in Bayer since the estab- lishment of a Pharmaceutical Department 25 years after the foundation of the Farbenfabriken of Friedrich Bayer & Co. in the city of Elberfeld, Germany. In 1888 one of the first antipyretic drugs, phenacetin, was synthesized. A mile- stone was marked by the discovery and launch of Aspirin (TM) in 1899, the most widely used and appreciated drug since then. The success of Bayer 205 (Germanin TM) in the treatment of sleeping sickness 1ed not only to the worldwide recognition of Bayer as a pharmaceutical com- pany but also to intense research into anti-infective therapy. The antimalarial drugs Atebrin TM, Plasmochin (TM) and Resochin (TM) were the first of a whole series of significant contributions and even breakthroughs in the therapy of infections. The advances and the success of antibacterial therapy was heralded by the discovery of the antibacterial activity of the sulfonamides by Domagk, Klarer and Mietsch. The first drug of this class of compounds, Prontosil(TM), opened the new era of therapeutic control of bacterial infections. In 1939 Domagk received the Nobel Prize for Medicine for this breakthrough. A furt her breakthrough in the chemotherapy of the scourge of tuberculosis was achieved in 1946 by Domagk and his colleagues Behnisch, Mietzsch and Schmidt with the development of Conte ben TM, followed shortly afterwards by the discovery of isoniazid (Neoteben TM) by Domagk, Offe and Siefken. Front Matter....Pages I-IX The Challenge of Perspective....Pages 1-2 On Bacteriological Research....Pages 3-5 Background to Robert Koch’s Lecture at the International Congress in Berlin, 1890....Pages 6-7 Front Matter....Pages 9-9 Multiple Penicillin Binding Protein Profiles in Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci: Evidence for the Clonal Nature of Resistance Among Clinical Isolates....Pages 11-20 Antibiotic Uptake into Gram-Negative Bacteria....Pages 21-28 Inhibition of Protein Biosynthesis by Antibiotics....Pages 29-40 Inhibition of DNA Gyrase: Bacterial Sensitivity and Clinical Resistance to 4-Quinolones....Pages 41-47 Front Matter....Pages 49-49 Mechanisms of Antoretroviral Compounds in Inhibition of Viral and Cellular DNA Polymerases....Pages 51-59 Effects of Drugs on Lipids and Membrane Integrity of Fungi....Pages 60-67 Membrane Changes Induced by Praziquantel....Pages 68-75 Mechanisms of Action of Antimalarial Drugs....Pages 76-86 Front Matter....Pages 87-87 Bacterial Adherence in Pathogenicity....Pages 89-94 Haemophilus Influenzae Gene Expression and Bacterial Invasion....Pages 95-98 Coordinate Regulation of Bacterial Virulence Genes....Pages 99-106 Front Matter....Pages 107-107 Transposon Transfer of Drug Resistance....Pages 109-114 Bacterial Proteins Involved in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance....Pages 115-121 Persistent Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Mechanisms of Virus Drug Resistance....Pages 122-131 Front Matter....Pages 133-133 Antiviral Therapy with Small Particle Aerosols....Pages 135-145 Liposomes and Lipid Structures as Carriers of Amphotericin B....Pages 146-151 Targeted Liposomes Bearing Sendai for Influenza Envelope Glycoproteins as a Potential Carrier for Protein Molecules and Genes....Pages 152-162 Front Matter....Pages 163-163 Cell Mediated Immunity, Immunodeficiency and Microbial Infections....Pages 165-173 Neutropenia: Antibiotic Combinations for Empiric Therapy....Pages 174-178 Modulation of the Host Flora....Pages 179-185 Enhancement of Host Resistance by Control of Fungal Growth....Pages 186-194 Front Matter....Pages 195-195 Passive Immunotherapy of Infectious Diseases: Lessons from the Past, Directions for the Future....Pages 197-201 T-Cell Mediated Immunopathology in Viral Infections....Pages 202-205 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Adherence and Proliferation of Bacteria on Artificial Surfaces....Pages 209-215 Current Knowledge of Chlamydia TWAR, an Important Cause of Pneumonia and Other Acute Respiratory Diseases....Pages 216-228 Current Status of Antiviral Chemotherapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Its Impact on Disease Control....Pages 229-234 Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Opportunistic Infections in Patients with AIDS....Pages 235-237 Front Matter....Pages 239-239 Nucleic Acid Hybridization: A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases....Pages 241-247 New Technology and Immunospecific Reactions in Helminthic Diseases....Pages 248-254 Molecular Targets of Chemotherapeutic Agents Against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus....Pages 255-267 Modern Strategies in the Design of Antimicrobial Agents....Pages 268-277 Front Matter....Pages 279-279 The Future Challenge of Infectious Disease....Pages 281-283 Barriers to Effective Anti-Infective Therapy: The Perspective of a Clinical Pharmacologist....Pages 284-287 Optimal Use of Antimicrobial Agents....Pages 288-294 Views of Future Anti-Infective Therapy....Pages 295-299