پایداری نژاد (کتاب STIAS 15)

This is the third and final group of essays emerging from the discussions of the Effects of Race Project at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) that occurred in 2016 and 2017. The authors consider the biological and social understandings of race, and how new information from both the biological and social sciences is changing our perspective on the nature of the human condition, including the association of biological and social phenomena with ⁰́₋race⁰́₊. They also look at global events or movements which influence these processes in South Africa and the costs of a racialised world order to humans and humanity. Phenomena are examined through the lenses of many disciplines: sociology, history, geography, anthropology and writing Intro The STIAS series CONTENTS List of Contributors An introduction SECTION I: How the Stage was Set 01: Racism's workshop Introduction Prejudice Hate Some issues: How do prejudice and hate work? Do they work differently? A way forward: Between prejudice and hate References 02: An unlikely turning point Skin lightening in historical context The commercial development of skin lighteners in the United States and South Africa The rise of skin bleaching in South Africa Conclusion: The introduction of skin bleaches into South Africa was a genuine turning point References 03: Settler-colonialism, nationalism and geopolitical politics Introduction Prehistory South Africa's strategic position Race, racialism and racism in settler, colonial or nationalist South Africa The first encounter with mercantile Europeans Early ideas were not embedded in race, but in terms of religion, monetary worth and location Dutch identity emerges in reaction to British economic colonialism Modern imperialistic capitalism and colonialism Dutch settlers cement the concept of Afrikaners The British seek to crush emerging Afrikaner identity Complex interplay between groups of the South African population Anti-British elements seek theories and allies on the global stage Early communism Afrikaner nationalism looks to Europe Post-World War I social experiments in Europe The British colonialist attitude after the start of decolonialism Indigenous people respond to nationalist provocation Multicultural support for more equal treatment moves to the left Communism amongst African indigenous groups International response to perceived communist threat Later Dutch-Afrikaner attitudes Discussion of turning points Conclusion Acknowledgements References 04: From settler to postcolonial The importance of nation-states Four main roads to a nation-state South Africa as a settler-state Racial rehabilitations Options and meanings of 1994 Postcolonial South Africa Envoi References SECTION II: Assessment and Future Prospects 05: Ways of being Introduction: From here to there But where to start? Here What Why? How Recognition of the obstacles Conclusion References 06: The effects of racism on the human body Introduction The hidden scourge of race-thinking and racism The lasting effects of stress caused by racism Epigenetic information does not mean "no hope" References 07: Knowing and being Introduction So what do we know about "race"? Classification: The power of normative orders versus the consequences of knowing The politics of positionality Concluding thoughts: How would ethical thinking be brought about? References 08: Semantics in the philosophy of race This is the third and final group of essays emerging from the discussions of the Effects of Race Project at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) that occurred in 2016 and 2017. The authors consider the biological and social understandings of race, and how new information from both the biological and social sciences is changing our perspective on the nature of the human condition, including the association of biological and social phenomena with 0́−race0́+. They also look at global events or movements which influence these processes in South Africa and the costs of a racialised world order to humans and humanity. Phenomena are examined through the lenses of many disciplines: sociology, history, geography, anthropology and writing