Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement (Volume 123) (Progress in Brain Research, Volume 123)

In the last decade, we have witnessed a striking maturation of our understanding of how neurons in the spinal cord control muscular activity and movement. Paradoxically, a host of new findings have revealed an unexpected versatility in the behavior of these well-studied neural elements and circuits. In this volume, the world's leading experts review the current state of our knowledge of motor control, outline their latest results and developments, and delineate the seminal unresolved questions in this vibrant field of research. The volume begins with a commentary and overview of our current understanding of the peripheral and spinal basis of motor control. The remainder of the volume is divided into seven sections, each focused on a different problem. The first chapter in each section provides some historical review and presages the experimental findings and hypotheses that are discussed in subsequent chapters. Topics include the biomechanics of neuromuscular systems, the properties of motoneurons and the muscle units they control, spinal interneurons, pattern generating circuits, locomotion, descending control of spinal circuits, comparative physiology of motor systems, and motor systems neurophysiology studied in man. The book serves as a unique reference volume and should be essential reading for anyone interested in motor systems. Moreover, the volume's comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics make it an effective textbook for graduate level courses in motor control neurobiology, kinesiology, physical therapy, and rehabilitation medicine. Content: Edited by Page iii Copyright Page Page iv List of Contributors Pages v-ix Preface Pages xi-xii Marc D. Binder Chapter 1 The Segmental Motor System – Advances, Issues, and Possibilities Original Research Article Pages 3-28 Douglas G. Stuart Chapter 2 Repetitive Impulse Firing in Motoneurons: Facts and Perspectives Original Research Article Pages 31-37 Daniel Kernell Chapter 3 Plateau Potentials and their Role in Regulating Motoneuronal Firing Original Research Article Pages 39-48 Hans Hultborn Chapter 4 Synaptic Integration in Bistable Motoneurons Original Research Article Pages 49-56 C.J Heckman, R.H. Lee Chapter 5 Adapting Motoneurons for Motor Behavior Original Research Article Pages 57-63 Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama, Jorn Hounsgaard Chapter 6 Assessing the Strengths of Motoneuron Inputs: Different Anatomical and Physiological Approaches Compared Original Research Article Pages 67-82 Peter A. Kirkwood, Timothy W. Ford, Revers Donga, Shane A. Saywell, Gert Holstege Chapter 7 Models of Spike Encoding and their Use in the Interpretation of Motor unit Recordings in Man Original Research Article Pages 83-98 Randall K. Powers, Marc D. Binder Chapter 8 Non-Linear Summation of Synaptic Currents on Spinal Motoneurons: Lessons from Simulations of the Behaviour of Anatomically Realistic Models Original Research Article Pages 99-107 P.K. Rose, S. Cushing Chapter 9 Selectivity of Presynaptic Inhibition: a Mechanism for Independent Control of Information Flow through Individual Collaterals of Single Muscle Spindle Afferents Original Research Article Pages 109-117 P. Rudomin Chapter 10 Why are there Three Types of Intrafusal Muscle Fibers? Original Research Article Pages 121-131 A. Taylor, P.H. Ellaway, R. Durbaba Chapter 11 Quantifying Proprioception Original Research Article Pages 133-142 Arthur Prochazka Chapter 12 Movement Detection Thresholds at the Human Elbow Joint Original Research Article Pages 143-147 U. Proske, A.K. Wise, J.E. Gregory Chapter 13 A Positive Feedback Circuit Involving Muscle Spindle Secondaries and Gamma Motoneurons in the Cat Original Research Article Pages 149-156 E. Jankowska, M.H. Gladden Chapter 14 Neurotrophin—3 and Maintenance of Muscle Afferent Function Original Research Article Pages 157-163 John B. Munson, Richard D. Johnson, Lorne M. Mendell Chapter 15 Revisiting the Notion of ‘motor unit types’ Original Research Article Pages 167-175 R.E. Burke Chapter 16 Orderly Recruitment Tested Across Muscle Boundaries Original Research Article Pages 177-190 Timothy C. Cope, Alan J. Sokoloff Chapter 17 Limited Plasticity of Adult Motor Units Conserves Recruitment Order and Rate Coding Original Research Article Pages 191-202 T. Gordon, N. Tyreman, V.F. Rafuse, J.B. Munson Chapter 18 Motor Cortical Control of Human Masticatory Muscles Original Research Article Pages 203-214 Michael A. Nordstrom, Timothy S. Miles, Benjamin R. Gooden, Sophie L. Butler, Michael C. Ridding, Philip D. Thompson Chapter 19 Do Lengthening Contractions Represent a Case of Reversal in Recruitment Order? Original Research Article Pages 215-220 Parveen Bawa, Kelvin E. Jones Chapter 20 Motor Units of Extraocular Muscles: Recent Findings Original Research Article Pages 221-232 Stephen J. Goldberg, Mary S. Shall Chapter 21 Neuromuscular Strategies Underlying Ballistic Movements Original Research Article Pages 233-243 Robert J. Callister, Ellengene H. Peterson, Alan M. Brichta Chapter 22 General Principles of Rhythmic Motor Pattern Generation Derived from Invertebrate CPGs Original Research Article Pages 247-257 Allen Selverston Chapter 23 Central Pattern Generators and Interphyletic Awareness Original Research Article Pages 259-271 Paul S.G. Stein Chapter 24 A Brain Region in Insects That Supervises Walking Original Research Article Pages 273-284 Nicholas J. Strausfeld Chapter 25 Behavior of Hindbrain Neurons During the Transition from Rest to Evoked Locomotion in a Newt Original Research Article Pages 285-294 I. Bar-Gad, I. Kagan, M.L. Shik Chapter 26 On the Cellular Bases of Vertebrate Locomotion Original Research Article Pages 297-309 Sten Grillner, Peter Wallén Chapter 27 The Roles of Spinal Interneurons and Motoneurons in the Lamprey Locomotor Network Original Research Article Pages 311-321 James T. Buchanan Chapter 28 Primate Spinal Interneurons: Muscle Fields and Response Properties During Voluntary Movement Original Research Article Pages 323-330 E.E. Fetz, S.I. Perlmutter, Y. Prut, M.A. Maier Chapter 29 Correlations between Neurograms and Locomotor Drive Potentials in Motoneurons during Fictive Locomotion: Implications for the Organization of Locomotor Commands Original Research Article Pages 331-339 Thomas M. Hamm, Tamara V. Trank, Vladimir V. Turkin Chapter 30 Failure Analysis of Stepping in Adult Spinal Cats Original Research Article Pages 341-348 R.D. de Leon, N.J.S. London, R.R. Roy, V.R. Edgerton Chapter 31 Locomotor Performance and Adaptation after Partial or Complete Spinal Cord Lesions in the Cat Original Research Article Pages 349-365 S. Rossignol, T. Drew, E. Brustein, W. Jiang Chapter 32 The Role of Musculoskeletal Mechanics in Motor Coordination Original Research Article Pages 369-378 T. Richard Nichols, David C. Lin, Clotilde M.J.I. Huyghues-Despointes Chapter 33 Kinematic Redundancy Original Research Article Pages 379-387 Z. Hasan, J.S. Thomas Chapter 34 Task- and Age-Dependent Variations in Steadiness Original Research Article Pages 389-395 Roger M. Enoka, Rebecca A. Burnett, Andrew E. Graves, Kurt W. Kornatz, Douglass H. Laidlaw Chapter 35 Mechanical Actions of Compartments of the Cat Hamstring Muscle, Biceps Femoris Original Research Article Pages 397-403 Dario I. Carrasco, Arthur W. English Chapter 36 What might the Brain Know about Muscles, Limbs and Spinal Circuits? Original Research Article Pages 405-409 Gerald E. Loeb Chapter 37 Animal Models of Motor Systems: Cautionary Tales from Studies of Head Movement Original Research Article Pages 411-416 Frances J.R. Richmond, Brian D. Corneil, K. Singh Chapter 38 The Sharing Principle Original Research Article Pages 419-426 J.A. Stephens, L.M. Harrison, M.J. Mayston, L.J. Carr, J. Gibbs Chapter 39 Properties of Human Peripheral Nerves: Implications for Studies of Human Motor Control Original Research Article Pages 427-435 David Burke, S.C. Gandevia Chapter 40 Rhythmic Cortical Activity and its Relation to the Neurogenic Components of Normal and Pathological Tremors Original Research Article Pages 437-444 B.A. Conway, D.M. Halliday, J.R. Rosenberg Chapter 41 Stopping and Turning during Human Walking Original Research Article Pages 445-453 Richard B. Stein, Kimitaka Hase Chapter 42 Disturbances of Voluntary Movement Coordination in Stroke: Problems of Planning or Execution? Original Research Article Pages 455-460 Randall Beer, Jules Dewald, Zev Rymer Chapter 43 Group II Spindle Afferent Fibers in Humans: their Possible Role in the Reflex Control of Stance Original Research Article Pages 461-472 Marco Schieppati, Antonio Nardone Chapter 44 Indices of Cortical Motor Function Following Severe Brain Injury In man Original Research Article Pages 473-479 P.H. Ellaway, S.H. Moosavi, M.J. Stokes, M. Catley, N. Haque Subject index Pages 481-482 In the last decade, we have witnessed a striking maturation of our understanding of how neurons in the spinal cord control muscular activity and movement. Paradoxically, a host of new findings have revealed an unexpected versatility in the behavior of these well-studied neural elements and circuits. In this volume, the world's leading experts review the current state of our knowledge of motor control, outline their latest results and developments, and delineate the seminal unresolved questions in this vibrant field of research. The volume begins with a commentary and overview of our current understanding of the peripheral and spinal basis of motor control. The remainder of the volume is divided into seven sections, each focused on a different problem. The first chapter in each section provides some historical review and presages the experimental findings and hypotheses that are discussed in subsequent chapters.
Topics include the biomechanics of neuromuscular systems, the properties of motoneurons and the muscle units they control, spinal interneurons, pattern generating circuits, locomotion, descending control of spinal circuits, comparative physiology of motor systems, and motor systems neurophysiology studied in man. The book serves as a unique reference volume and should be essential reading for anyone interested in motor systems. Moreover, the volume's comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics make it an effective textbook for graduate level courses in motor control neurobiology, kinesiology, physical therapy, and rehabilitation medicine.