Perioperative Practice at a Glance (At a Glance (Nursing and Healthcare))

From the publishers of the market-leading at a Glance series comes this new title on all aspects of caring for patients in the perioperative environment. From pre-operative care, through the anaesthetic and surgical phases to post-operation and recovery, this easy-to-read, quick-reference resource uses the unique at a Glance format to quickly convey need-to-know information in both images and text, allowing vital knowledge to be revised promptly and efficiently. Brings together all aspects of perioperative practice in one easy-to-read book Moves through the patient journey, providing support to perioperative practitioners in all aspects of their role Covers key information on perioperative emergencies Includes material on advanced skills to support Advanced Practitioners Each topic is covered in two pages, allowing for easy revision and reference This is a must-have resource for operating department practitioners and students, theatre nurses and nursing students, and trainee surgeons and anaesthetists. Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements Surgical and anaesthetic abbreviations and acronyms How to use your textbook Part 1 Introduction to perioperative practice Chapter 1 Preoperative patient preparation Preoperative visiting Preoperative assessment Reducing postoperative complications Chapter 2 Theatre scrubs and personal protective equipment (PPE) Theatre scrubs Headwear Footwear Surgical masks Patient dress Theatre scrubs outside theatre Chapter 3 Preventing the transmission of infection Operating room cleaning Risks to practitioners Chapter 4 Preparing and managing equipment Initial equipment checks Anaesthetic equipment Surgical equipment Chapter 5 Perioperative patient care Patient outcomes Care pathways Chapter 6 Surgical Safety Checklist – Part 1 The Surgical Safety Checklist Introducing the checklist into the operating department Adjusting the checklist Chapter 7 Surgical Safety Checklist – Part 2 SIGN IN TIME OUT SIGN OUT Chapter 8 Legal and professional accountability Modes of accountability Legal issues Accountability and professional practice Chapter 9 Interprofessional teamworking Interprofessional conflicts Part 2 Anaesthesia Chapter 10 Preparing anaesthetic equipment Consumable items Monitoring devices Medical gas cylinders Fluid warmers Chapter 11 Checking the anaesthetic machine Basic steps for checking an anaesthetic machine Chapter 12 Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems Respiratory system Cardiovascular system Chapter 13 Anaesthetic drugs Induction agents Inhalation agents Muscle relaxants Analgesics Chapter 14 Perioperative fluid management Effects of crystalloids Effects of colloids Blood and blood byproducts Chapter 15 Monitoring the patient Electrocardiogram (ECG) Pulse oximeters Temperature probes Vapour analyser Capnography Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement Chapter 16 General anaesthesia Signs and stages of anaesthesia (Guedel’s signs) Induction, maintenance and extubation Administration of anaesthetic agents Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) Complications of general anaesthesia Chapter 17 Local anaesthesia Clinical use of local anaesthetics Topical anaesthetics Infiltrative local anaesthetics Chapter 18 Regional anaesthesia Anatomy of the spine Effects of local anaesthetics Spinal technique Epidural technique Intravenous regional techniques Part 3 Surgery Chapter 19 Roles of the circulating and scrub team Circulating practitioners Scrub practitioners Before surgery During surgery After surgery Chapter 20 Basic surgical instruments Types of instruments Chapter 21 Surgical scrubbing Surgical scrub procedure Side effects of surgical scrubbing Chapter 22 Surgical positioning Equipment requirements for positioning Surgical positions Chapter 23 Maintaining the sterile field Sterile procedures Preparing a sterile tray Surgical draping Chapter 24 Sterilisation and disinfection Methods of sterilisation Chapter 25 Swab and instrument counts Rationale behind the swab and instrument count Principles of the swab and instrument count Checking swabs and other items Checking instruments Chapter 26 Working with electrosurgery How does electrosurgery work? The three surgical effects of electrosurgery Monopolar electrosurgery Bipolar electrosurgery The return electrode Safety checks Hazards of electrosurgery Conclusion Chapter 27 Tourniquet management Applying the tourniquet Pneumatic tourniquets Side effects Chapter 28 Wounds and dressings Modes of healing Types of dressings Bandages Complications Part 4 Recovery Chapter 29 Introducing the recovery room Caring for the postoperative patient Patients who have undergone spinal anaesthesia Patients who have undergone general anaesthesia Discharge from the recovery room Chapter 30 Patient handover Admission into the recovery unit Initial assessment Documentation Discharge Chapter 31 Postoperative patient care – Part 1 Respiratory status Cardiovascular status Chapter 32 Postoperative patient care – Part 2 Temperature status General patient care Chapter 33 Monitoring in recovery Respiratory monitoring Cardiovascular monitoring Neuromuscular monitoring Psychological monitoring Temperature monitoring Pain monitoring Monitoring nausea and vomiting Fluid monitoring Urine output and voiding Drainage and bleeding Chapter 34 Maintaining the airway Physiology of the airway Circulation Monitoring of the airway Postoperative airway complications Discharge criteria Chapter 35 Common postoperative problems Allergy Haemorrhage Septic shock Intravascular catheters Urinary complications Wound dehiscence Other issues Chapter 36 Managing postoperative pain Concept of pain Effects of pain Pain physiology Managing pain Chapter 37 Managing postoperative nausea and vomiting Physiology of vomiting Risk factors Prevention of vomiting Anti-emetic therapy Conclusion Part 5 Perioperative emergencies Chapter 38 Caring for the critically ill Critical risk areas Improvements in patient care High-risk patients in recovery Conclusion Chapter 39 Airway problems Assessing the airway Airway control Tracheostomy Chapter 40 Rapid sequence induction Preparation (T(time) − 10 minutes) Preoxygenation (T − 5 minutes) Pretreatment (T − 3 minutes) Paralysis with induction (zero) Placement of endotracheal tube (T + 30 seconds) Postintubation management Chapter 41 Bleeding problems Managing rapid blood loss in surgery Managing rapid blood loss in recovery Chapter 42 Malignant hyperthermia Diagnosis Symptoms Prevention Expected duration Treatment Chapter 43 Cardiovascular problems Preoperative evaluation Hypertension Arrhythmias Aortic stenosis Congestive heart failure Chapter 44 Electrosurgical burns Thermal burns Explosion and fire Chapter 45 Venous thromboembolism Physiology of DVT Treatment options Mechanical prophylaxis Chapter 46 Latex allergy Reducing problems with latex Dangers of latex Treatment for severe allergic reaction Managing the perioperative environment Postoperative management Part 6 Advanced surgical practice Chapter 47 Assisting the surgeon Surgical First Assistant Surgical Care Practitioner Chapter 48 Shaving, marking, prepping and draping Shaving Skin marking Skin preparation Draping Chapter 49 Retraction of tissues Holding retractors Managing retractors Chapter 50 Suture techniques and materials Assisting the surgeon Suture materials Chapter 51 Haemostatic techniques Assisting with haemostasis Haemostatic agents Chapter 52 Laparoscopic surgery Before surgery During surgery Training and development Chapter 53 Orthopaedic surgery Specific factors in orthopaedic surgery Arthroscopic knee surgery Elective joint replacement Trauma orthopaedics Chapter 54 Cardiac surgery Role of the surgeon’s assistant Chapter 55 Things to do after surgery References and further reading 1 Preoperative patient preparation 2 Theatre scrubs and personal protective equipment 3 Preventing the transmission of infection 4 Preparing and managing equipment 5 Perioperative patient care 6–7 Surgical safety checklist 8 Legal and professional accountability 9 Interprofessional teamworking 10 Preparing anaesthetic equipment 11 Checking the anaesthetic machine 12 Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems 13 Anaesthetic drugs 14 Perioperative fluid management 15 Monitoring the patient 16 General anaesthesia 17 Local anaesthesia 18 Regional anaesthesia 19 Roles of the circulating and scrub team 20 Basic surgical instruments 21 Surgical scrubbing 22 Surgical positioning 23 Maintaining the sterile field 24 Sterilisation and disinfection 25 Swab and instrument counts 26 Working with electrosurgery 27 Tourniquet management 28 Wounds and dressings 29 Introducing the recovery room 30 Patient handover 31 Postoperative patient care – Part 1 32 Postoperative patient care – Part 2 33 Monitoring in recovery 34 Maintaining the airway 35 Common postoperative problems 36 Managing postoperative pain 37 Managing postoperative nausea and vomiting 38 Caring for the critically Ill 39 Airway problems 40 Rapid sequence induction 41 Bleeding problems 42 Malignant hyperthermia 43 Cardiovascular problems 44 Electrosurgical burns 45 Venous thromboembolism 46 Latex allergy 47 Assisting the surgeon 48 Shaving, marking, prepping and draping 49 Retraction of tissues 50 Suture techniques and materials 51 Haemostatic techniques 52 Laparoscopic surgery 53 Orthopaedic surgery 54 Cardiac surgery 55 Things to do after surgery Index The market-leading at a Glance series Is popular among healthcare students and newly qualified practitioners for its concise and simple approach and excellent Illustrations. Each bite-sized chapter is covered In a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text. Covering a wide range of topics, books In the at a Glance series are ideal as Introductory texts for teaching, learning and revision, and are useful throughout university and beyond From the publishers of the market-leading at a Glance series comes this new title on all aspects of caring for patients in the perioperative environment. From preoperative care, through the anaesthetic and surgical phases to post-operation and recovery, this easy-to-read, quick reference resource uses the unique at a Glance format to quickly convey need-to-know information In both Images and text, allowing vital knowledge to be revised promptly and efficiently