Percutaneous Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women

This book describes a wide range of interventional procedures currently employed in the treatment of cardiac diseases in women with the aim of enabling not only interventional cardiologists but also cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to refine their approach to female patients and thus improve outcomes. The book reflects the increasing awareness of gender differences with regard to coronary artery disease and structural valve heart disease. Examples include myocardial infarction, which carries a worse prognosis in women in part because they suffer from this disease mostly in the 7th decade of life, present more frequently with hemodynamic instability and later from symptom onset, and have fragile, small and tortuous coronary arteries that are more technically demanding in the context of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Another example is symptomatic aortic stenosis, which carries a better prognosis in women who undergo trans-catheter aortic valve implantation partially due to a better annulus-prosthesis match, which leads to less residual paravalvular regurgitation, better left ventricular function and lower aggregation of comorbidities. Further, in women left ventricular response to aortic stenosis is typified by muscle hypertrophy with a small ventricular cavity. These differences are reflected in the clinical manifestations and their impact on diagnosis, treatment, and choice of tools and devices for use in interventional procedures. By explaining the at times subtle variances in disease and treatment techniques for female and male patients, this book will help practitioners select the most appropriate procedures and materials in a range of settings. Front Matter....Pages i-viii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Women and Invasive Diagnostic Procedures....Pages 3-21 Intracoronary Imaging and Intracoronary Functional Tests....Pages 23-35 Interventional Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Women....Pages 37-49 Interventional Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): Non-ST Elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS)....Pages 51-59 Interventional Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome: ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)....Pages 61-71 Peri- and Post-procedural Antithrombotic Therapy in Women....Pages 73-100 Front Matter....Pages 101-101 Aortic Valve Valvuloplasty....Pages 103-110 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation....Pages 111-125 Mitral Valvuloplasty for Mitral Stenosis....Pages 127-137 Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation....Pages 139-144 Surgical and Percutaneous Treatment of Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency....Pages 145-155 Left Atrial Appendage Closure....Pages 157-165 Closure of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale....Pages 167-179 Front Matter....Pages 181-181 Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Women....Pages 183-188 Biventricular Pacing in Women for Heart Failure....Pages 189-201 Front Matter....Pages 203-203 Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta Percutaneous Treatment....Pages 205-217 Treatment of Peripheral Arteriopathy in Women....Pages 219-227 Gender Differences in CAS....Pages 229-247 Front Matter....Pages 249-249 Percutaneous Treatment During Pregnancy....Pages 251-262 Left Ventricular Assist Devices....Pages 263-275 Patrizia Presbitero, Julinda Mehilli, Anna Sonia Petronio, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References.