Peptide Receptors, Part II (Volume 20) (Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Volume 20)

Peptide Receptors Part I was published in 2000 (as volume 16 of the Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy series). This volume summarized current knowledge on the discrete anatomical distribution of ten families of neuropeptide receptors expressed in the mammalian CNS. Part II is its natural complement with chapters covering six additional families of neuropeptide receptors for ligands ranging from well known peptides such as the opioids and neurotensin to recently isolated ones like the orexins. As in the case of Part I, this volume integrates photomontages and maps of quantitative receptor autoradiography, in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Data derived from transgenic and knock-out animals are also summarized, helping to decipher the possible physiological and Pathophysiological role(s) of a given peptide family. Some chapters also review current knowledge on the profile of internalization of the neuropeptide-receptor complex, an area of intense research activities that should help to better understand mechanisms involved in desensitization and tachyphylaxis. This Volume Is The Second In The Planned Coverage Of The Neurochemical Circuitry Of The Primate Central Nervous System. While This Volume Contains Only Two Chapters, Their Topics And The Extraordinarily Comprehensive Coverage With Which The Authors Have Dealt With Their Topics, Will Nevertheless Contribute Equal Amounts Of Knowledge, Wisdom, And Opportunities For Future Research Extensions As Have Every Volume In This Unique Series. As Such, These Chapters Extend The Goals Of This Primate Series To Develop A Broad Coverage Of Human And Non-human Primate Chemical Neuroanatomic Details In A Volume Which Makes Clear The Known And Desirable Appreciation For Differences Between And Among Subsets Of Primate Brains. The First Chapter Covers The Primate Thalamus With Equal Emphases On New World, Old World, Pro-simian And Human Anatomic Details And Their Differences. The Second Undertakes A Comparably Comprehensive Examination Of One Of The Most Intensively Studied Regions Of The Primate Brain, Namely The Primate Visual Cortex. While Much Has Been Studied, Both Chapters Also Reveal How Much Remains For Future Efforts In These Enormously Important Regions Which Are The Archetypes Of Primate Sub-cortical And Cortical Function. Pt. 1. 1997 -- Pt. 2. 1998 -- Pt. 3. 1999. [pt. 1.] A Digital Rosetta Stone For Primate Brain Terminology / D.m. Bowden, R.f. Martin -- Neurobiology And Neuropathology Of The Human Hypothalamus / D.f. Swaab -- Caudal Pons And Medulla Oblongata / W.w. Blessing, W.p. Gai -- The Primate Locus Coeruleus : The Chemical Neuroanatomy Of The Nucleus, Its Efferent Projections, And Its Target Receptors / S.l. Foote -- The Cholinergic System In The Primate Brain : Basal Forebrain And Pontine-tegmental Cell Groups / S. De Lacalle, C.b. Saper -- Dopamine Systems In The Primate Brain / D.a. Lewis, S.r. Sesack -- Chemical Neuroanatomy Of The Primate Insula Cortex : Relationship To Cytoarchitectonics, Connectivity, Function And Neurodegeneration / E.j. Mufson, T. Sobreviela, J.h. Kordower -- Primate Cingulate Cortex Chemoarchitecture And Its Disruption In Alzheimer's Disease / B.a. Vogt, L.j. Vogt, E.a. Nimchinsky, P.r. Hof -- [pt. 2.] The Thalamus Of Primates / E.g. Jones -- Neurochemical Organization Of The Primate Visual Cortex / J.h. Morrison, P.r. Hof, G.w. Huntley -- [pt. 3.] The Human Basal Forebrain. Part 1, An Overview / N. Sakamoto, J. Pearson, K. Shinoda, G.f. Alheid, J.s. De Olmos, L. Heimer -- The Human Basal Forebrain. Part 2 / L. Heimer, J.s. De Olmos, G.f. Alheid, J. Pearson, N. Sakamoto, K. Shinoda, J. Marksteiner, R.c. Switzer Iii -- Chemical Architecture Of The Basal Ganglia / Ann M. Graybiel, John B. Penney -- Chemical Neuroanatomy Of The Hippocampal Formation And The Perirhinal And Parahippocampal Cortices / Yasushi Kobayashi, David G. Amaral -- The Primate Mesocortical Dopamine System / P.s. Goldman-rakic, C. Bergson, L.s. Krimer, M.s. Lidow, S.m. Williams, G.v. Williams. Editors, F.e. Bloom, A. Björklund, T. Hökfelt. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Cover......Page 1 Peptide Receptors......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents......Page 10 List of Contributors......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 2. Opioids......Page 18 3. Opioid receptor subtypes......Page 21 4. Distribution of opioid receptors in the rat brain......Page 25 6. Abbreviations......Page 39 8. References......Page 41 1. A survey of the melanin-concentrating system: seminal background studies and pharmaceutical interest......Page 48 2. The pro-MCH gene, regulation of expression and precursor processing......Page 53 3. Features of the MCH system in the rat CNS......Page 56 4. Central effects of MCH......Page 63 5. The MCH receptors......Page 67 6. Conclusion......Page 102 7. Abbreviations......Page 103 9. References......Page 109 1. Introduction......Page 120 2. General characteristics......Page 121 3. Biological effects of OFQ binding at the ORL1 receptor......Page 122 4. Anatomical studies of the orphanin peptide–receptor system......Page 123 5. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry studies......Page 124 6. Anatomical studies using 125I-[14Tyr]OFQ binding and agonist stimulated [35S]GTPγS receptor autoradiography......Page 161 7. Ontogeny studies......Page 172 8. Physiological implications of OFQ and the ORL1 receptor......Page 182 10. Abbreviations......Page 191 12. References......Page 201 2. Galanin......Page 212 3. Galanin receptor subtypes......Page 220 4. Localization of galanin receptors in the rat CNS......Page 225 5. Expression of GALRs by glial cells......Page 245 7. Localization of galanin receptors in dorsal root ganglia of the rat......Page 246 8. Concluding remarks......Page 248 9. Abbreviations......Page 250 10. Acknowledgements......Page 252 11. References......Page 253 1. Introduction......Page 262 2. Biology of orexins......Page 264 3. Orexin receptors......Page 269 4. Distribution of orexin receptor mRNA and protein in mammalian central nervous system......Page 274 5. Comparison of OX1R and OX2R distribution......Page 280 8. How many orexin receptors?......Page 329 9. Physiological and pathophysiological implications of orexin receptors......Page 330 11. Abbreviations......Page 332 13. References......Page 337 2. Discovery of NT......Page 340 4. Central effects of NT......Page 344 5. NT receptors in mammalian CNS......Page 345 6. Summary and conclusions......Page 400 7. Abbreviations......Page 401 9. References......Page 404 Subject Index......Page 418 During the last few years, the pace of research in the field of neuropeptide receptors has increased steadily: new neuropeptides were discovered, and the classification of receptor subtypes has been refined. It thus appeared essential to update the information. Peptide Receptors Part I summarizes current knowledge on ten distinct peptide families. This volume integrates photomontages and maps of quantitative receptor autoradiography, in situ hybridization histochemistry, and immunocytochemistry images. Application of these classical techniques and of new approaches such as transgenic and knock-out animals has revealed a distinct species and tissue specific variation in receptor subtypes expression and pharmacology in the mammalian central nervous system. The functional role of neuropeptides and their receptors in the CNS has been investigated thanks to the development of potent and selective receptor antagonists and agonists. The development of specific neuropeptide-related molecules will help to get a better understanding of receptor subtype physiology and neuronal distribution and may lead to innovative treatments in a variety of brain disorders. v. 1. Methods in chemical neuroanatomy v. 4. GABA and neuropetides in the CNS, pt. 1 v. 6. The Peripheral nervous system v. 7. Integrated systems of the CNS, pt. 2 v. 8. Analysis of neuronal microcircuits and synaptic interactions v. 9. Neuropeptides in the CNS v. 10. Ontogeny of transmitters and peptides in the CNS v. 11. Neuropeptide receptors in the CNS v. 12. Integrated systems of the CNS, pt. 3 v. 13. The primate nervous system v. 14. The primate nervous system, pt. 2 v. 15. The primate nervous system, pt. 3 v. 16. Peptic receptors, pt. 1 v. 18. Glutamate v. 20. Peptide receptors, pt. 2. Dopamine is a major neurotransmitter of the brain involved in the control of movement, emotion, and cognition; disturbance in dopamine function is associated with disorders like Parkinsons disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This volume of the Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy provides a series of in depth critical reviews of our present understanding of the most important aspects of dopamines organisation and disturbed function in the animal and human brain Opioids have long played a major role in pharmacology, representing one of the oldest classes of clinically important pharmaceuticals.