Peking politics, 1918-1923: Factionalism and the failure of constitutionalism (Michigan studies on China)

By Andrew J. Nathan. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 263-277. 1918-1923 CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A NOTE ON CURRENCY CHRONOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION I. CONSTITUTIONALISM AND ITS FAILURE Social Sources Intellectual Sources The Problem of Failure II. FACTIONALISM AND POLITICAL RECRUITMENT Factions Defined Structural Characteristics of Factions Characteristics of Factional Politics Early Republican Factions Political Recruitment and “Connections” Connections, Factions, and the Failure of Constitutionalism III. THE SETTING OF CONFLICT: THE PEKING GOVERNMENT, 1916-28 Peking’s Role and the Support of the Powers Structure of the Peking Government The Flavor of Peking Politics Government Finance and the Role of the New-Style Banks IV. THE RENEWAL OF LEGITIMACY, 1918 The Election of Parliament Parliament on the Eve of the Presidential Election A Dark Horse Emerges Election of Hsu Shih-ch’ang and Rejection of Ts’ao K’un Hsu Shih-ch’ang and the Prospects for Peace V. THE DRIVE FOR PEACE AND THE ROAD TO WAR, 1918-20 Factional Alignments North and South Hsu’s Peace Offensive A New Cabinet and Peace Delegations Progress at Shanghai The Anfu Club Counteroffensive The Peking Government and the Incident of May 4 Tuan Ch’i-jui’s Dilemma The Outbreak of War Factionalism and Frustration, 1918-20 VI. THE RETURN TO CONSTITUTIONAL ORTHODOXY, 1922 Chihli’s Proposal and the Response The Old Parliament's Agitation for Restoration The Return of Li Yuan-hung The Rise and Fall of the “Able Men Cabinet” VII. THE REPUBLIC DEBASED, 1923 A Duel of Wits : Li Versus Ts’ao Toppling Li Yuan-hung Ts’ao K’urt Buys the Presidency Final Disillusionment CONCLUSION APPENDIX: PROFILES OF MAJOR FACTIONS The Tuan Ch’i-jui Faction and the Anfu Club The Chihli Clique The Research Clique The Communications Clique The New Communications Clique The Political Study Group The I-yu She BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED GLOSSARY INDEX