Pediatric PET Imaging, An Issue of PET Clinics (Volume 3-4) (The Clinics: Radiology, Volume 3-4)

Now that the applications of positron emission tomography (PET) are becoming more clearly understood, PET is now being used in pediatric population. Important considerations in its use on children are patient preparation and radiation exposure. This issue reviews the use of PET to image children with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, brain tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease, among other conditions. Also included is the use of PET to assess response to therapy. The Use of PET in the Evaluation of Tumors in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1531......Page 1 Pediatric Cardiac PET Imaging587......Page 2 Index635......Page 3 Preface......Page 4 References......Page 5 Related Interest......Page 6 Patient preparation......Page 7 Timing of FDG imaging in relation to chemotherapy......Page 8 Prevention of FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue......Page 9 Avoiding artifacts related to attenuation correction and misregistration of PET and CT images......Page 12 Radiation dosimetry and design of the CT-imaging protocol......Page 14 FDG Imaging for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents......Page 15 [F-18] Fluoride Bone Imaging......Page 16 References......Page 17 Some basics on developmental neuroanatomy......Page 20 Functional aspects of brain development......Page 22 Animal Studies of Brain Development and Maturation......Page 23 FDG-PET studies......Page 24 Neurobiologic correlates of LCMRGlc changes......Page 27 LCMRGlc profile and brain plasticity......Page 28 Postnatal maturation of human GABA receptor......Page 30 Maturational changes in brain serotonin......Page 31 Brain development and protein synthesis......Page 33 Infantile spasms......Page 34 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome......Page 35 Tuberous sclerosis......Page 36 Landau-Kleffner syndrome......Page 37 Cerebral Palsy......Page 38 Developmental Dyslexia......Page 39 Tourette Syndrome......Page 40 Summary......Page 41 References......Page 42 Clinical Application of PET in Pediatric Brain Tumors......Page 49 PET for tumor grading and prognosis......Page 50 Radiation Necrosis......Page 52 FDG-PET......Page 53 Amino acid-PET......Page 54 PET to guide diagnosis......Page 56 Planning Resection......Page 57 Summary......Page 58 References......Page 59 The Use of PETin the Evaluation of Tumors in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1......Page 62 Acknowledgments......Page 63 Plexiform neurofibroma......Page 66 Low-grade glioma......Page 67 Detection......Page 68 Grading......Page 69 Guidance for Biopsy......Page 70 Treatment Response......Page 71 Optic Pathway Gliomas and Other NF1-Associated Low-Grade Astrocytomas......Page 72 References......Page 73 PET/CT in the Evaluation of Neuroblastoma......Page 81 Radiopharmaceuticals......Page 82 Fluorodeoxyglucose versus metaiodobenzylguanidine......Page 83 Novel positron-emitting tracers......Page 87 References......Page 89 PET and PET/CT in Pediatric Sarcomas......Page 92 Detecting pulmonary disease......Page 93 Detecting bone and bone marrow disease......Page 95 Detecting nodal metastases......Page 98 Assessing tumor response to therapy......Page 99 References......Page 102 Fluorine-18 DOPA-PET and PET/CT Imaging in Congenital Hyperinsulinism......Page 105 Medical Therapy......Page 106 Patient Selection......Page 107 Radiation Dosimetry......Page 108 FDOPA-PET Performance and Correlation to Management......Page 109 Limitations and pitfalls......Page 110 References......Page 111 Pediatric Cardiac PET Imaging......Page 114 PET instrumentation......Page 115 Cardiac PET radiopharmaceuticals......Page 116 Cardiac PET protocols......Page 117 Clinical applications of pediatric cardiac PET studies......Page 118 References......Page 121 Monitoring inflammatory bowel diseases......Page 124 [F-18]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-PET imaging......Page 125 FDG PET/CT imaging......Page 127 References......Page 129 Differential diagnosis......Page 131 Scintigraphy......Page 132 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography......Page 133 Infections......Page 134 Noninfectious inflammation......Page 135 Malignancies......Page 136 Limitations......Page 138 References......Page 139 FDG PET and PET/CT in the Management of Pediatric Lymphoma Patients......Page 146 Ga-67 Imaging Versus FDG PET......Page 147 FDG PET Versus FDG PET/CT......Page 148 Initial staging......Page 149 Interim treatment monitoring......Page 151 End of therapy evaluation......Page 153 Surveillance imaging during follow-up......Page 155 Summary......Page 156 References......Page 157 C......Page 160 G......Page 161 N......Page 162 S......Page 163 W......Page 164 Reviews the use of PET to image children with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, brain tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease, among other conditions. This issue also includes the use of PET to assess response to therapy.