Pediatric and Adolescent Psychopharmacology: A Practical Manual for Pediatricians (Cambridge Clinical Guides)

Current research indicates that up to ten percent of children suffer from mental health problems at some point before reaching adulthood. Complex diagnostic criteria and medication regimes can make these patients a challenge to manage. The chronic shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists has led to more and more cases being cared for by pediatricians and primary care practitioners. Patients may be on multiple medications of long duration, and reaching a decision to modify or cease treatment is often complicated. Pediatric and Adolescent Psychopharmacology: A Practical Manual for Pediatricians is written for all non-psychiatrists who find themselves caring for children and teenagers with mental health disorders. It gives clear, expert guidance on the complexities of diagnosis of mental health disorders and provides practical, accessible advice on the complex treatment options available for many disorders. This text will be an invaluable resource for all clinicians who encounter these vulnerable patients. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Dedication......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Contributors......Page 11 Forewords......Page 13 Preface......Page 17 Acknowledgement......Page 19 Introduction......Page 21 Psychotherapy......Page 22 Treatment modalities......Page 23 Behavior therapy (BT)......Page 24 Family systems theory......Page 27 Social learning theory......Page 28 Interpersonal psychosocial therapy (IPT)......Page 30 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)......Page 31 Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD)......Page 34 Cognitive-adaptive disabilities......Page 35 Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD)......Page 36 Elimination disorders......Page 37 Self injury......Page 39 Sleep disorders......Page 40 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 42 Absorption......Page 45 Distribution......Page 47 Metabolism......Page 48 Excretion......Page 49 The neuron......Page 51 The synapse......Page 53 Chemical neurotransmission......Page 56 Allosteric modulation......Page 59 Agonists and antagonists......Page 60 Dopaminergic system......Page 61 The GABAergic system......Page 62 Glutamatergic system......Page 63 Noradrenergic system......Page 64 Serotonergic system......Page 65 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 66 3 Prescribing psychopharmacologic agents......Page 69 History......Page 71 Nonpharmacological treatment......Page 74 Patient and family education......Page 75 Switching, augmentation, combination......Page 76 What is the most important information I should know if my child is being prescribed an antidepressant?......Page 77 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 80 Epidemiology......Page 81 Differential diagnoses/comorbid disorders......Page 82 Medication classification and mechanism of action......Page 84 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors......Page 86 Benzodiazepines......Page 89 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors......Page 90 Other medication......Page 91 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors......Page 92 Other medication......Page 93 Tricyclic antidepressants......Page 94 Summary......Page 95 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 96 Introduction......Page 97 Evaluation......Page 98 Psychological management......Page 100 Methylphenidate preparations......Page 101 Amphetamine preparations......Page 106 Pemoline......Page 107 Side effects of stimulants......Page 108 Atomoxetine......Page 110 Tricyclic antidepressants......Page 112 Tricyclic antidepressant monitoring......Page 113 Clonidine......Page 115 Bupropion......Page 117 Modafinil......Page 118 Summary......Page 119 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 120 Definition......Page 123 Differential diagnosis/comorbidity......Page 124 Medication classification and mechanism of action......Page 125 Side effects (adverse effects)......Page 126 Contraindications......Page 129 How to use the medications (see Figures 6.1 and 6.2)......Page 130 How to monitor the medication......Page 132 Summary......Page 133 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 136 Definition......Page 137 Psychopharmacology......Page 138 Alpha-agonists......Page 141 Psychostimulants......Page 142 Mood stabilizers......Page 143 Antidepressants......Page 144 Mood stabilizers......Page 145 Psychostimulants......Page 146 Antidepressants......Page 147 Mood stabilizers......Page 148 Alpha-agonists......Page 149 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 150 Definition......Page 153 Differential diagnosis/comorbidity......Page 154 Antipsychotics......Page 155 Beta blockers......Page 157 Sedative-hypnotics......Page 158 Beta-blockers (see Chapter 7)......Page 159 Antipsychotics......Page 160 Beta-blockers......Page 164 Antidepressants......Page 165 Antihistamines......Page 166 Sedative-hypnotics......Page 167 Anticholinergics......Page 168 Antidepressants......Page 169 Anticholinergics......Page 170 Sedative-hypnotics......Page 171 Summary......Page 172 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 173 Epidemiology......Page 175 Pharmacotherapy......Page 176 Antidepressant agents......Page 177 Summary......Page 179 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 180 Definition......Page 183 Epidemiology......Page 184 Psychopharmacology......Page 185 Antidepressants......Page 188 Beta-blockers......Page 190 Psychostimulants (see also Chapter 5)......Page 191 Anxiolytics (see also Chapter 4)......Page 192 Antidepressants (see also Chapter 6)......Page 193 Beta-blockers......Page 194 Psychostimulants (see also Chapter 5)......Page 195 Mood stabilizers......Page 196 Antihistamines......Page 197 How to use the medications: problem-oriented approaches......Page 198 Aggression (see also Chapter 7)......Page 199 Self-injurious behavior (SIB)......Page 201 Hyperactivity/impulsivity (see also Chapter 5)......Page 203 Sleep disturbances (see also Chapter 11)......Page 204 Eating disturbances......Page 205 Obsessions/compulsions......Page 207 Other anxiety disorders......Page 208 Depression......Page 209 Psychosis......Page 210 Movement disorders......Page 211 Antidepressants (see also Chapter 6)......Page 212 Beta-blockers......Page 213 Sedative-hypnotics (see also Chapter 11)......Page 215 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 216 Introduction......Page 219 Insomnia......Page 224 Excessive daytime sleepiness......Page 225 Narcolepsy......Page 227 Parasomnias......Page 230 Restless legs syndrome (RLS)......Page 232 Sleep-disordered breathing......Page 237 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 241 Epidemiology......Page 243 Differential diagnosis/comorbidity......Page 245 Psychopharmacology......Page 247 Antidepressants......Page 249 Alpha agonists......Page 250 Others......Page 251 Muscle relaxants......Page 252 Antipsychotics......Page 253 Others......Page 254 Alpha agonists......Page 255 Antidepressants......Page 256 Alpha agonists......Page 257 Summary......Page 258 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 259 Introduction......Page 261 Alcohol......Page 265 Management of alcohol abuse......Page 268 Tobacco......Page 272 Management of tobacco abuse......Page 273 Marijuana......Page 280 Methamphetamine......Page 282 Management of cocaine addiction......Page 284 Opioids......Page 286 Heroin addiction management......Page 287 Hallucinogenic drugs......Page 291 MDMA (Ecstasy)......Page 292 Flunitrazepam......Page 293 Summary......Page 294 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 295 Subject index......Page 299 Principles of psychological management The basics of pharmacology and neurotransmission Basics of prescribing psychopharmacologic agents Anxiety disorders Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Child and adolescent depression Disruptive behavior and aggressive disorders Schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence Autism spectrum disorders Psychotropic management of children and adolescents with cognitive-adaptive disabilities Sleep disorders in children and adolescents Tic disorders in children and adolescents Substance abuse disorders. "Pediatric and Adolescent Psychopharmacology: A Practical Manual for Pediatricians, is written for all non-psychiatrists who find themselves caring for children and teenagers with mental health disorders. It provides practical, accessible advice on the complex psychopharmacologic management options available for many mental health disorders of children and adolescents. This text is a resource for all clinicians who encounter these vulnerable patients."--BOOK JACKET