Peacemakers: The Iroquois, the United States, and the Treaty of Canandaigua, 1794 (Critical Historical Encounters Series)

Here, in a single volume, are the profiles of all the individuals and organizations that have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize since its establishment in 1901. From the creator of the prize, Alfred Nobel, the Swedish industrialist who invented dynamite, to Jody Williams and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, these individuals and organizations have devoted their lives to peace and have made our world a better place to live. Ann Keene chronicles the moving stories of the winners of the Nobel Peace prize in 79 essays that focus on the activities that earned each person or organization the prize. She includes fascinating anecdotes about and quotations from the recipients and, at the same time, introduces readers to major events in world history. The winners of the most prestigious peace award in the world include: Henri Dunant (1901), the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross Theodore Roosevelt (1906), who, as President of the United States, mediated an end to the Russo-Japanese War in 1905; he was the first American to win the prize Fridtjof Nansen (1922), Norwegian humanitarian, scientist, and Arctic explorer Jane Addams (1931), peace activist and social reformer, and a founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Ralph J. Bunche (1950), who worked to achieve peace in the Middle East; he was the first African American to win the prize Lester Pearson (1957), who as a member of the Canadian delegation to the United Nations played a key role in ending the Suez Canal crisis Albert Luthuli (1960), former president of the African National Congress and outspoken opponent of South Africa's apartheid system Martin Luther King, Jr. (1964), U.S. civil rights activist United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (1965), which continues to provide assistance to children in developing countries throughout the world Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams (1976), cofounders of Peace People, an organization dedicated to ending violence in Northern Ireland Mother Teresa (1979), originally a high schoolteacher in India who won the prize for her work with the poor of Calcutta Elie Wiesel (1986), the author who has drawn international attention to the Holocaust Aung San Suu Kyi (1991), founder of the National League for Democracy in Myanmar (Burma) who lived under house arrest for six years Appendixes include a chronological listing of the Nobel Peace Prize Winners, a timeline recounting historic milestones in the peace movement, a listing of major peace organizations, a short glossary of terms, further reading, and an index. From the career diplomats and politicians to the ordinary people who discovered an opportunity to act on behalf of peace, these stories honor those who have made a profound difference in the world. Peacemakers is the ideal introduction to the Nobel Peace Prize for young readers and is an indispensable reference for anyone who is interested in world peace and history. Peacemakers: The Iroquois, the United States, and the Treaty of Canandaigua, 1794 offers a glimpse into how native peoples participated in the intercultural diplomacy of the New Nation and how they worked to protect their communities against enormous odds. The book introduces students, in detail, to the Treaty of Canandaigua, which is little known outside of Central New York. It examines how the Six Nations of the Iroquois secured from the United States a recognition of their sovereign status as separate polities with the right to the "free use and enjoyment" of their lands. In the fall of 1794 leaders from the Six Nations of the Iroquois met with officials from the U.S. in Canandaigua, New York. Iroquois leaders sought the restoration of lands they had lost a decade before at the coercive treaty of Fort Stanwix, which was negotiated with delegates sent from the American Congress under the Articles of Confederation. They felt cheated and aggrieved. The Iroquois delegates also sought the "brightening" of the Covenant Chain alliance which historically had linked the Six Nations to their non-Indian friends and allies. President George Washington sent Timothy Pickering to represent the U.S. at Canandaigua. Washington instructed Pickering to secure from the Six Nations a pledge to take no part in the powerful Indian uprising then occurring in the Northwest Territory. Washington, Pickering, and others in the national government feared that hostile Indians could set the young republic's frontiers ablaze from New York through the Carolinas. Land-hungry New Yorkers, who saw in the acquisition and sale of Iroquois lands a means to finance state government without resorting to a politically inexpedient program of taxation, watched closely and with great suspicion Pickering's actions. The British, meanwhile, still clung to a number of their posts on American soil in the early-1790s. Quietly, they hoped connections to Indian communities on American territory might restrain the territorial aggressiveness of the young republic. Peacemakers: The Iroquois, The United States, And The Treaty Of Canandaigua, 1794 Offers A Glimpse Into How Native Peoples Participated In The Intercultural Diplomacy Of The New Nation And How They Worked To Protect Their Communities Against Enormous Odds. The Book Introduces Students, In Detail, To The Treaty Of Canandaigua, Which Is Little Known Outside Of Central New York. It Examines How The Six Nations Of The Iroquois Secured From The United States A Recognition Of Their Sovereign Status As Separate Polities With The Right To The Free Use And Enjoyment Of Their Lands.--publisher. Guswenta -- Broken -- Critically Circumstanced -- St. Clair's Defeat, And Its Consequences -- Disaffected -- Fallen Timbers -- A Treaty At Canandaigua -- All Causes Of Complaint -- The Long Life Of The Treaty Of Canandaigua. Michael Leroy Oberg, State University Of New York At Geneseo. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.