Paul's Inclusive Ethic: Resolving Community Conflicts and Promoting Mission in Romans 14-15 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen Zum Neuen Testament 2.Reihe)

Hauptbeschreibung In Rom 14-15 Paul promotes an inclusive ethic by advising the strong (mainly Gentile Christians) to allow for certain Jewish practices performed by the weak (mainly Jewish Christians) in order to unify the Roman Christian community through an environment that is not socially divisive so as to advance his broader vision of unifying Jewish and Gentile Christians and to encourage an outward mission to non-Christians in Rome. In the first half of the study, Carl N. Toney focuses upon Rom 14-15. He begins with a social reconstruction of the Roman Christian community by exploring the problem of the divisions created when both Jewish and Gentile believers blur their Christian identity with culturally divisive practices related to the adherence or rejection of Jewish diet and days and the negative social impact of those choices. Next, in an exegetical study he considers how in Rom 14:1-15:6 Paul presents his inclusive ethic, which offers a solution to these divisions, and the expansion of this ethic in Rom 15:7-13, which promotes an outward mission to non-Christians. The second half of the study interprets Rom 14-15 in light of insights gained from Rom 11 and 1 Cor 8-10. Thus, both the inclusive ethic and concern for mission, as presented in Rom 14-15, are rooted in the letter''s prior argument in Rom 11 that Gentile Christians have an obligation to Christian and non-Christian Jews. Also, Paul adapts his previous arguments from 1 Cor 8-10 of "becoming all things to all people" so as to promote in Rom 14-15 an accommodation to others both inside and outside the Roman community Cover Dedication Preface Table of Contents Chapter 1. Survey of Scholarship Introduction 1. Traditional Scholars 2.Early Modern Scholars 2.1 William Sanday and Arthur Headlam (1902) 2.2 Max Rauer (1929) 2.3 C. H. Dodd (1932) 2.4 D. Hans Lietzmann (1933) 2.5 Adolf von Schlatter (1995 [English 1995]) 2.6 C. K. Barrett (1975) 2.7 J. Huby (1957) 3. Contemporary Scholars 3.1 Willi Marxsen (1963 [English 1968]) 3.2 Paul Minear (1971) 3.3 Ernst Käsemann (1973 [English 1980]) 3.4 Robert Karris (1973) 3.5 C. E. B. Cranfield (1979) 3.6 Ulrich Wilckens (1982) 3.7 Alphonse Maillot (1984) 3.8 Francis Watson (1986) 3.9 J. D. G. Dunn (1988) 3.10 Walter Schmithals (1988) 3.11 Bruce Robert Magee (1988) 3.12 Stanley K. Stowers (1990, 1994) 3.13 Joseph Fitzmyer (1993) 3.14 Theodore Irl Zimmerman (1993) 3.15 J. Paul Sampley (1995) 3.16 John Barclay (1996) 3.17 Mark Nanos (1996) 3.18 Mark Reasoner (1999) 3.19 Thomas Tobin (2004) 3.20 Volker Gäckle (2005) 3.21 Robert Jewett (2006) 3.22 A. Andrew Das (2007) 4. Conclusion 4.1 Insights and Challenges 4.2 The Need for Attention to Paul's Outward Mission 4.3 The Upcoming Inverstigation 4.3.1 Chapter Two 4.3.2 Chapter Three 4.3.3 Chapter Four 4.3.4 Chapter Five 4.3.5 Chapter Six Chapter 2. Identifying the "Weak" and "Strong" in Rom 14-15 Introduction 1. Delineation Room 14: 1-15: 13 2. The Date and Occasion of Romas 2.1 Paul's Knowledge of the Romans 2.2 Past Controversies 3. Practices Regarding Diet and Days 3.1 koivóς and kaθapóς 3.2 Dietary Regulations 3.3 Observance of Days 3.4 The Divisive Nature 3.5 Who Mades Up The Division? 3.6 Influence of Past Controversies 4. "Weak" and "Strong" Terminology 4.1 God's Strengh 4.2 Human Weakness 4.3 Strength and Weakness in Rom 4 : 19-21 4.4 Strength and Weakness in Rom 14-15 4.5 Rhetorical Effects of the Terms 4.6 Influence of Past Controversy (Corintrh) 5. Conclusion Chapter 3. Internal Unity and Outward Mission in Rom 14-15 Introduction 1. A Concern for Internal Unity (Rom 14: 1-15:6) 1.1 Introductory Exhortation (Rom 14: 1-3) 1.2 Apostrophe against Judging (Rom 14: 4-12) 1.3 Exhortation to Moderate Practices (Rom 14: 13-23) 1.4 An Appeal to Christ's Example and a Benediction for Unity (Rom 15: 1-6) 1.5 Summary of Rom 14: 1-15:6 2. A Concern for Outward Mission: the Concluding Appeal to Christ's Example and Benediction (Rom 15: 7-13) 2.1 Appeal to Christ's Example (Rom 15:7-9a) 2.1.1 An Exhortation to Welcom Others (Rom 15: 7) 2.1.2 The Servant of the Circumcized (Rom 15:8) 2.1.3 The Gentliles Glorify God (Rom 15:9a) 2.2 Catena on the Worship of God (Rom 15:9b-12) 2.3 Final Benediction (Rom 15:13) 2.4 The Dual Conclusion of Rom 15: 7 -13 2.4.1 Salvation 2.4.2 Worship 2.4.3 Promise 2.4.4 Hope 2.4.5 Holy Spirit 2.5 Summary of Rom 15:7-13 3. Conclusion Chapter 4. Contextualizing Paul's Concerns in Romans Introduction 1. The Arguments in Rom 11 1.1 God's Purpose for Israel and the Gentiles (Rom 11: 11-15) 1.1.1 Opening Question (Rom 11:11a) 1.1.2 The Salvation of the Gentiles (Rom 11:11bcd) 1.1.3 Lesser to Greater Argument #1 (Rom 11:12) 1.1.4 Example of Paul (Rom 11:13-14) 1.1.5 Lesser to Greater Argument #2 (Rom 11:15) 1.2 Metaphors that Warn against Boastion (Rom 11:16-24) 1.2.1 Introductory Bread and Plant Metaphors (Rom 11:16) 1.2.2 Olive Tree Metaphor (Rom 11:17-24) 1.3. A Vision for Israel's Restoration (Rom 11:25-32) 1.3.1 The Mystery of God (Rom 11:25-27) 1.3.2 Enemies and Loved Ones (Rom 11:28-29) 1.3.3 Disobedience Overcome By Mercy (Rom 11:30-32) 1.4 Summary of Rom 11:11-32 2. Connections betwenn Rom 11 and Rom 14-15 2.1 God's Faithfulness to Jews 2.2 Intertwined Salvation of Jews and Gentiles 2.3 God's Mercy for Gentiles 2.4 The Gentiles ' Praise of God 2.5 The Source of Holiness 2.6 Summary: Effect of the Relationship between Rom 11:11-32 and 15:7-13 3. The Acceptable Offering (Rom 15:15-16) 4. Conclusion Chapter 5. Comparison and Contribution of 1 Cor 8-10 Introduction 1. Cinnections bewteen 1 Cor 8-10 and Rom 14-15 1.1 Similarities 1.2 Differences 2. The Issues 2.1 The Issue of "Idol-Food" in Corinth 2.2 Comparing the Issue with Romans 3. The Two Groups 3.1 The Strong and Weak in Corinth 3.2 Comparing the Groups with Romans 4. The Arguments 4.1 The Argument in 1 Cor 8 -1042 4.1.1 Indirect Appeal to Avoid Idolatry (1 Cor 8:1-13) 4.1.2. Example of Paul (1 Cor 9:1-27) 4.1.3 Direct Challenge: Example of Israel (1 Cor 10:1-22) 4.1.4 Qualified Permission to East Food (1 Cor 10:23-11:1) 4.1.5 Summary 4.2 Comparing the Argument with Roman 5. Conclusion Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusions Introduction 1. Summary of Chapter One 2. Summary of Chapter Two 3. Summary of Chapter Three 4. Summary of Chapter Four 5. Summary of Chapter Five 6. Conclusion Postscript Bibliography 1. Romans Commentaires 2. First Corinthians Commentairies 3. General Books, Essays, and Articles Index of Ancient Sources 1. Jewish Scriptures 2. New Testament 3. Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 4.Dead Sea Scrolls 5. Philo 6. Josepus 7. Rabbinic Literature 8. Early Christian Literature 9. Greco-Roman Literature Index of Modem Authors Index of Subjects and Key Terms Carl N. Toney. Adapted From The Authors Dissertation (ph.d.)--loyola University Chicago, 2007 Includes Bibiographical References (p. [207]-213) And Indexes.